geography topics 9 12

Geography

1. Representations of the Earth

Advantages and disadvantages of using:

World map • Advantages: It

represents the entire surface of the Earth.

• Disadvantages: The representation of the earth surface on a flat map distorts the shape and distance of some forms.

!

Globe: • Advantages: it shows us

distances, landforms, distributions and size of continents and oceans all without distortions.

• Disadvantages: you can never see the entire surface of the earth and it is not easy to carry.

Advantages and disadvantages of using:

SCALESHere, 1 cm on the map

represents 7,000 actual cm. This means: 1 cm on the

map equals 70 meters in the real life

Here, 1 cm on the map represents 500,000 actual cm. This means: 1 cm on the map equals 5000 meters in the real

life. THIS MEANS: 5 km.

Actual means "en

la realidad"

Do you want to practice with scales? CLICK BELOW

http://aograde6.blogspot.com.es/2013/11/practice-with-scales.html

MORE GEOGRAPHY.........

PARALLELS

EQUATOR: it is the principal parallel, parallel 0º.

PARALLELS ARE NUMBERED FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE POLES IN DEGREES 0º TO 90º NORTH or SOUTH.

PARALLELS

PARALLELS measure LATITUDE

LATITUDE: is the distance between any point on the Earth to the equator. We talk about northern or southern hemisphere.

MERIDIANS

MERIDIANS: Imaginary lines that go from pole to pole.

GREENWICH meridian is the principal meridian so we call it PRIME MERIDIAN.

MERIDIANS

MERIDIANS: are numbered in degrees from 0 to 180º EAST or WEST.

Meridians measure LONGITUDE which is the distance between any point on the Earth and the Greenwich meridian.We talk about eastern or western hemisphere

COORDINATES

WHEN WE PUT THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF A PLACE

TOGETHER WE HAVE THE COORDINATES OF THE

LOCATION.

WEBSITES !

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushuaia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Puntos_extremos_del_mundo

2. World maps: Oceans and continents

3. European continent: countries and capital cities

4. European Landscapes: climates and vegetation

5. Population in Spain and Europe

Population

The population is the number of people who live in a territory. It can grow because of the natural growth and the migratory balance.

!• Natural growth( crecimiento natural): it is the difference between

the number of people who are born in an area ( birth rate) in one year and the number of people who die ( death rate) !!

• Migratory balance ( saldo migratorio): it is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.

.

Emigrant: it is a person who leaves their country to live in another country. !Immigrant: it is a person who comes to live in a foreign country

Immigration or

emigration?

Population density• It is the number of inhabitants per square kilometer.

There is a formula to calculate: divide the number of inhabitants of a place by its surface area.

!Population density = n° inhabitants / surface area

Population in Europe• Europe has an ageing population: there are more elderly

people than young people. Reasons for this:

• Low birth rate: few babies are born.

• Increasing life expectancy: on average about 74 years.

• Life expectancy: the average age people is expected to live to.

• In some countries, the births is less than the number of deaths, this is called NEGATIVE growth rate.