gcse pe short course student book pages 122 - pearson schools
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122
Optimum Weight: Best weight or desirable weight – the best weight a player performs at.
Overload: Fitness can only be improved through training more than you normally do.
PAR-Q: Physical activity readiness questionnaire.
PEP: Personal exercise programme.
Performance: How well a task is completed.
Physical activity: Any form of exercise or movement; physical activity may be planned and structured or unplanned and unstructured (in PE we are concerned with planned and structured physical activity, such as a fi tness class).
Power: The ability to do strength performances quickly (power = strength x speed).
Progressive overload: To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fi tness gains occur, but without potential for injury.
Reaction time: The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement.
Recovery: The time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition.
Rehabilitation: Restoring (an injury) to its normal functioning state.
Rest: The period of time allotted to recovery.
Resistance training: Training that uses a resistance or force against which specifi c muscle groups must work e.g. weight training.
Reversibility: Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.
Role models: A person you can aspire to, to make you into a better person. Often have qualities that we would like to have.Self-esteem: Respect for, or a favourable opinion of, oneself.
Skill-related fi tness: Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to improve sporting ability.
SMART: Specifi c, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound.
Socio-economic status: May be based on a person’s income, education, and occupation.
Specifi city: Matching training to the requirements of an activity.
Speed: The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.
Target zone: The range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60–80 per cent of maximum heart rate).
Tendons: A tissue that joins muscles to bone.
Training: A well-planned programme which uses scientifi c principles to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fi tness.
Training thresholds: The boundaries of the target zone.
123
30-metre sprint 49
access to facilities 22
adaptation 53
aerobic 75
aesthetic appreciation 16
age
infl uence of 22
agility 37
anaerobic 75
analysis
of performance 94,
98-113
notational 104-105
recording results of 104
target setting for 99
assessing fi tness levels 45–49
availability of facilities 22
balance 38
balanced competition 110
balanced diet 81–87
ball and socket joints 155
Beijing Paralympics 22
benefi ts of physical activity 11,
12–14
biceps 141
blood shunting 89
body composition 35
body mass index (BMI) 35
calcium 83, 161
carbo-loading 88–89
carbohydrates 82
cardiovascular
fi tness 34
warm-up 68
competition 15
continuous training 61
cool-down 70–71
Cooper’s 12-minute run test 46,
57
cooperation 15
coordination 38–39
cost, infl uence of 23
cross training 66–67
cultural factors 22
diet and performance 88–89
balanced 81–87
link with exercise, work
and rest 81–87
evaluate performance 98,
104-108
evaluating skills 107-108
exercise 31
blood fl ow during 89
link with diet, work and
rest 81–87
session 68–71
analysing 76–77
comparison of
72–75
weight-bearing,
importance of 157
facilities, availability of 22
factors affecting participation in
physical activity 21–23
family, infl uence of 20, 21
fartlek training 62
fashion, infl uence of 21
fats 82
feedback, what, when and how
111
feeling good, helping individual
to 13
fi bre 85
fi tness 32
aerobic and anaerobic
75
assessing levels of
45–49
increasing 12
six components of skill-
related 37–41
tests 46–49
training to improve
59–67
FITT principle 54–55
fi ve components of health-
related exercise 33–36
fl exibility 35
frequency 54
friendships and social mixing,
development of 16
gender, infl uence of 22
goal setting 56–58
how to 56
hand grip strength test 46
Harvard step test 46
health 31
exercise, fi tness and
performance 31–32
improving 14, 31
problems, infl uence of
23
-related exercise fi tness
tests 46
-related exercise, fi ve
components of 33–36
health and wellbeing 23
healthy active lifestyle 11
three categories of 11
heart rate 76–77
maximum (MHR) 77
measuring 77
recovery rate 77
resting 76
target 77
working 73, 77
hypokinetic diseases 31
Illinois agility run 47
illness, infl uence of 23
image 21
individual needs/differences
50, 53, 55
initiatives to keep people
involved in sport 25
intensity 54
interval training 60
iron 83
location of facilities 22
London Marathon 13, 14, 21,
22, 58, 88–89
macro nutrients 82
main activity 70
marathon runners 36, 50, 54,
58, 88–89
maximum heart rate (MHR) 77
measuring heart rate 77
media coverage, infl uence of
21
mental (psychological) benefi ts
of physical activity 11
mental challenge 14
methods of training 59–67
micro nutrients 83–84
minerals 83–84
muscular endurance 34
strength 34
notational analysis 104-105
obese 100
observe and analyse
performance 98, 102-105
opportunities for getting
involved in sport 24–25
overload 52, 54, 55
pectoral muscle 140
peers, infl uence of 21
performance 32
analysis of 94, 98-113
evaluation of 98,
106-108
observation of 170,
174–177
personal exercise programme
(PEP) 50
choosing 144
planning 98, 114-115
using individual needs/
differences in 53
using overload in 52
using rest and recovery in
53
using specifi city in 51
physical activity
benefi ts of 11, 12–14
factors affecting
participation in 21–23
reasons for 11, 15–17
physical benefi ts of physical
activity 11
physical challenge 16
Physical Readiness Assessment
Index (A–G)
124
Index (G–P)Physical Readiness Assessment
Questionnaire (PAR-Q) 45
planning strategies, tactics and
practices 98, 109-111
potassium 84
power 39
practical performance 94,
95-97
principles of training 50–56
progressive overload 52, 54, 55
protein 82
psychological (mental) benefi ts
of physical activity 11
pyramid, sports participation
26–27
race, infl uence of 22
reaction time 40
reasons for taking part in
physical activity 11, 15–17
recovery rate 77
relaxation exercises 71
religion, infl uence of 22
repetitions and circuit training
63
resources 22
rest and recovery 53, 55
rest
link with diet, exercise
and work 81–87
resting heart rate 76
reversibility 55
role models 21
ruler drop test 48
rules, regulations and
terminology 98, 100-101
selenium 84
self-esteem and confi dence,
increasing 13
Sergeant jump test 48
sit and reach fl exibility test 46
six components of skill-related
fi tness 37–41
skill-related fi tness 37–41
fi tness tests 47–49
skills circuit 64
skills, evaluating of 107-108
SMART goals 56–57
social benefi ts of physical
activity 11
socio-economic factors,
infl uence of 23
specifi c skills practice 69
specifi city 51, 55, 73
speed 40
Sport England 25
sport, opportunities for getting
involved in 24–25
sports participation pyramid
26–27
standing broad jump 48
standing stork test 47
steroids 34
stress and tension, relieving 13
stretching 69
target heart rate 77
target zone 77
tendons 152, 157
tennis elbow 159
three ball juggle 49
time 54
when facilities are
available 22
trace elements 84
training, circuit 63–64
continuous 61
cross 66–67
fartlek 62
interval 60, 72–75
methods of 59–67
principles of 50–56
session 68–71
analysing 76–77
comparison of
72–75
weight 30, 65–66
training opportunities in sport
24
treatment of injuries 45
type 55
vitamins 84
warm-up 68–69
cardiovascular 68
specifi c skills practice 69
stretching 69
water 84
wellbeing, contribution of diet
to 85
Wilkinson, Jonny 39
work, link with exercise, diet
and rest 81–87
working heart rate 73, 77
yoga, benefi ts of 10, 157
zinc 84
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