gcse geog ocr-b theme 1 coasts review

A Qwizdom PPT by S.Rackley (FEHS 2011) for OCR-B Geog GCSE

Q1: Which of these types of land use do you NOT usually find on coastlines?

A) IndustryB) TourismC) ResidentialD) FarmingE) Nature reservationF) Actually, you can find all of them on the

coast!

Q2: What is the definition of the word “geology”?

A. The study of the different types of waves

B. The study of different types of rock and how they make up a landscape

C. The study of how humans use the coastline

D. The study of how the coastline is changing

Q3: What is meant by a ‘more resistant’ rock?A. Humans cannot

have any impact on it.

B. It won’t move.C. It’s is hard and not

easily weathered or eroded.

D. It is very loud and involves a lot of shouting!

Q4: Which of these areas of the UK has a soft or “less-resistant” coastline?

A. Scotland (mostly metamorphic and igneous rocks)

B. Ireland (mostly sedimentary rocks such as limestone)

C. East Anglia (mostly sedimentary rocks such as chalks and clays)

Q5: Which of these is not a type of weathering?A. ChemicalB. Physical/MechanicalC. AttritionalD. Biological

Q6: Put these statements in order to describe freeze-thaw weathering.1. The fragments may then be deposited

as scree at the foot of a slope.2. If the air temperature drops below

freezing, the water will freeze and expand putting pressure on the rock.

3. Water, eg from rainfall or melting snow and ice becomes trapped in a crack or joint in the rock.

4. Over time the rock will weaken and eventually shatter into angular fragments.

5. When the temperature rises above freezing the ice will melt.

Q7: Where are you likely to find exfoliation or onion-skin weathering?

A. The Arctic (consistently low temperatures)

B. Temperate areas like the UK (neither too hot or too cold)

C. Hot deserts (very hot day temperatures and cold night temperatures)

D. Tropical areas (consistently high temperatures)

Q8: Rainwater is a weak carbonic acid, and is also called ‘acid rain’.TRUE orFALSE

Q9: Match the type of erosion to the correct definition.a) Attrition Hydraulic Action Abrasion

Solution

A. Rocks and sediment hit each other and wear down

B. Chemicals in the water dissolve the cliffC. Waves force air into cracks in the cliff and

opens them upD. Rocks are thrown at the cliff by the waves

Q9: Match the type of erosion to the correct definition.b) Attrition Hydraulic Action Abrasion

Solution

A. Rocks and sediment hit each other and wear down

B. Chemicals in the water dissolve the cliffC. Waves force air into cracks in the cliff and

opens them upD. Rocks are thrown at the cliff by the waves

Q9: Match the type of erosion to the correct definition.c) Attrition Hydraulic Action Abrasion

Solution

A. Rocks and sediment hit each other and wear down

B. Chemicals in the water dissolve the cliffC. Waves force air into cracks in the cliff and

opens them upD. Rocks are thrown at the cliff by the waves

Q9: Match the type of erosion to the correct definition.d) Attrition Hydraulic Action Abrasion

Solution

A. Rocks and sediment hit each other and wear down

B. Chemicals in the water dissolve the cliffC. Waves force air into cracks in the cliff and

opens them upD. Rocks are thrown at the cliff by the waves

Q10: Select the correct option in each sentence and add up their numbers to give you the ingredients for strong waves.The stronger(1)/weaker(2) the wind;The longer(3)/shorter(4) it blows for;The longer(5)/shorter(6) the fetch...

...then the stronger the waves will be!

Q11: Which wind will give you the weakest waves?

Q12: Use the words below to complete the annotations that give the characteristics of a constructive wave.

1. low 2. high 3. steep 4. strong 5. weak 6. wide

1st2nd

3rd

4th

Q13: What is the name of this process which occurs on soft cliffs?A. SlumpingB. SlouchingC. SlippingD. Sinking

Q14: What are the correct names for the cliff features indicated?

A. 1 = Wave-cut divot, 2 = Wave-cut boulder

B. 1 = Wave-cut notch,2 = Wave-cut boulder

C. 1 = Wave-cut notch,2 = Wave-cut platform

D. 1 = Wave-cut divot,2 = Wave-cut platform

Q15: Give the four-figure grid reference of Durdle door.

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

82

81

80

Q16: What hardness of rock is Portland stone? A) Hard or B) Soft

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

82

81

80

Q17: What is the name given to these chalk stacks in Dorset?A. Old Charlie RocksB. Old Henry RocksC. Old Harry RocksD. Old Kenny Rocks

Q18: Which picture has the correct labels of headland formations?

Stump

Cave Headland

Beach Stack

Arch Headland

BayA B

Q19: Fill in the missing gaps that will give you a possible 6 mark answer to the question below.

Using an example, describe and explain the coastal formations found on a headland. [6]

The Foreland, a chalk headland on the _____Coast has all of the features of an eroded headland (caves, arches, stacks and stumps). Old Harry, is a particularly famous example of a _____ and Old Harry's Wife is an example of a stump. These features are formed when a headland is eroded by the waves - by _______________ and solution, particularly along lines of weakness in the rock. The erosion of a headland begins as erosion exploits a weakness in a rock forming a ____. If the weakness runs through the headland, two caves may form back to back, eventually forming an ____, an opening which passes right through the headland. Wave attack continues at the base of the arch, whilst weathering processes such as _________ attack the roof of the arch until it eventually collapses leaving a stack (an isolated column of rock). Again this is attacked by weathering and erosion processes until it collapses leaving the base, which forms a ______.

1. arch 2. cave 3. Dorset 4. freeze-thaw 5. hydraulic action 6. Norfolk 7. stump 8. stack

Q20: On this picture, which direction is long-shore drift?

A. Top to bottom

B. Bottom to top

Q21: Name these depositional features.

A. 1=bar, 2=beach, 3=tombolo, 4=spit

B. 1=tombolo, 2=bar3=beach, 4=spit

C. 1=spit, 2=bar, 3=beach, 4=tombolo

D. 1=beach, 2=bar 3= spit, 4=tombolo

1

2

3

4

Q22: Put these statements about the formation of a spit in the correct order.

1

2

3

FIRST

4

5

LAST

Q23: What type of material is Blakeney spit made of?

A. Sand

B. Shingle

C. Sand and Shingle

D. Mud

Q24: Approximately how far westwards does Blakeney spit extend (in kilometres)?

• Type in the number

Q25: What is formed behind the spit, which contains a unique habitat that drowns at high tide?

A. Mudflats

B. Saltmarsh

C. Breakwaters

D. Freshmarsh

Q26: Give the six-figure grid reference of the car park at Cley Eye.

Q27: How many of these coastal defences are a type of soft engineering?

Beach replenishment

GabionsGroynesManaged retreatRevetmentsRock armourSea WallVegetation

Q28: What type of hard engineering defence is this?

A. RevetmentsB. GroynesC. Rock armourD. Gabions

Q29: Work out the total cost of these proposed coastal defences. 1000 metres of sea wall at £5000 a metre10 groynes at £100,000 each50000 m-sq of beach replenishment at £10

per m-sq

Type in the answer in millions,e.g. 1 and a half million pounds (£1,500,000),

type in “1.5”

Q30: Building groynes can actually cause just as much erosion as it prevents. TRUE orFALSE?

Q31: What does “SMP” stand for?A. Sea and Marine ProtectionB. Shore Maintenance PartnershipC. Shoreline Management PlanD. Sea Mitigation Plan

Q32: Who has responsibility for the coastal management of Cromer and Sheringham on the N.Norfolk coast?A. Cromer and Sheringham Town CouncilsB. North Norfolk District CouncilC. Norfolk County CouncilD. The Environment Agency (branch of

national govt)

Q33: The four different policies of SMPs are given the following categories:• Hold the line• Advanced the line• Managed realignment• Managed retreat (leave to the sea)

• TRUE or FALSE?

Q33: Complete the table below regarding what the SMP policy is at each location.Location Short-term Medium-

termLong-term Main

defences present

Cromer HTL HTL ??? (1)

Happisburgh

??? (2) Retreat Retreat

Mundesley HTL ??? (3) Realignment

Sea Palling HTL HTL ??? (4)A. All are HTL (Hold The Line)B. All are managed retreatC. 1 = HTL, 2 = HTL, 3 = Realignment, 4 = RealignmentD. 1 = HTL, 2 = Retreat, 3 = HTL, 4 = Realignment

Q34: Complete the table below regarding the types of defences present.Location Short-term Medium-

termLong-term Main

defences present

Cromer HTL HTL HTL ??? (1)

Happisburgh

Retreat Retreat Retreat ??? (2)

Mundesley HTL HTL Realignment

??? (3)

Sea Palling HTL HTL Realignment

??? (4)A. 1 = Sea wall, 2 = Revements, 3 = Sea wall; 4 = Off shore reefsB. 1 = Off shore reefs, 2 = Sea wall, 3 = Sea wall, 4 =

RevetmentsC. 1 = Revements, 2 = Sea wall, 3 = Off shore reefs, 4 = Sea wallD. 1 = Sea wall, 2 = Sea wall, 3 = Revements, 4 = Off shore reefs

Q35: Why are there plans to move some people out of Mundesley?

A. Mundesley is suffering severe erosion at the moment, and it is too expensive to build coastal defences.

B. If Mundesley is protected into the long-term, it will hinder natural processes and cause severe erosion elsewhere, so they will eventually realign the defences.

C. Mundesley is a run-down place which is of little economic value.

D. There are plans to build coastal defences elsewhere on the coast, which will have a severe impact on Mundesley.

Q36: The SMPs for North Norfolk are generally sustainable environmentally and economically, but not so much socially.TRUE or FALSE