g04 buckyballs
Post on 03-Jun-2018
223 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
1/31
Fullerenesand Buckyballs
The state molecule of Texas!
Group 4Katie HusemanTravis Jackson
Wes Johnson
Daniel Howsmon
http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr/media/gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03
http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/Texas/Buckyball_Molecule.html
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
2/31
History
Fullerene : any molecule
composed entirely of
carbon in the form of an
ellipsoid, tube, or hollowsphere
Fullerenes were first
discovered in 1985 byRichard Smalley from Rice
University.
http://www.voyle.net/Nano%20Education/Edu%2
02005/Nano%20Edu%202005-0016.htm
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
3/31
History
The buckyball was the first fullerene ever discovered and has the
molecular formula of C60.
A buckyball is any fullerene that is a true hollow sphere.
Examples of Fullerenes
http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/arch374
/winter2002/psbmonro/carbon28.gif
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
4/31
History
The idea of the buckyball was firstproposed by Eiji Osawa of Japan. He
observed that the structure of a
corranulene,( a cyclopentane ring
fused with 5 benzene rings) molecule
was a subset of a soccer ball and
hypothesized that a full body shape
could exist.
Even though his work was published
in Japanese magazines, his work
never made its way to America.
Corannulene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cora
nnulene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Corannulene.svg -
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
5/31
The Buckyball
It was named buckminsterfullerene in
honor of Richard Buckminster Fullerene,
an architect that created geodesic domes
that looked like it.
It is commonly known as the soccer ballformation even thought its true structure is
that of a truncated icosahedron.
It is composed of 60 Carbon atoms all
linked to one another.
Geodesic Dome
http://z.about.com/d/architecture/
1/0/C/o/geodesicdome02.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
6/31
The Buckyball
It is composed of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons, and is thesmallest fullerene molecule in which no two pentagons sharean edge (as this is highly unstabilizing).
It is also the only molecule of a single atom (carbon) to form ahollow spheroid.
http://www.goalfinder.com/product.asp?productid=112
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
7/31
The Buckyball
It is the most common naturally occurring
fullerene and can be easily found in various
materials such as soot.
It has also been deemed the state molecule of
Texas.
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
8/31
Properties of Fullerenes
Aromaticity
Chemistry
Solubility Superconductivity
Toxicity and Safety
Potential Applications
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
9/31
Aromaticity
n = 2(N+1)2 carbonatoms will givearomaticity in sphericalfullerenes
The Bucky ball (C60)does not follow this rule
The Bucky ball has
cycloalkane properties
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graph_of_60-fullerene_w-
nodes.svg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Graph_of_60-fullerene_w-nodes.svg -
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
10/31
Chemistry
High strain energies
contribute to reactivity
Act as electrophiles in
nucleophilic addition Saturation of pi-bonds
relieves strain energies
Steric hindrance ifhighly saturated
http://www.byregion.net/images/members/buckyball_6.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
11/31
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
12/31
Solubility
Only known Carbon allotrope that can be dissolvedat room temperature (aromatics are the bestsolvents)
Larger Fullerenes (C72) with trapped lanthanides havehigher solubilties
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Endohedral_fullerene.png
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
13/31
Superconductivity
ICl-doped C60 will superconduct between 60 and 70K
Carbon nanotubes will superconduct around 15K
Ceramic superconductors usually operate below 10K
http://www.rise.org.au/info/Tech/scon/image0
01.jpg
Metal
Superconductor
Superconductors are
able to handle high
current with theadvantage of having
no resistance and
very little loss of
energy
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
14/31
Safety and Toxicity
In studies with mice, C60 has shown no toxic effects
Carbon nanotubes are considered to have asbestos-
like pathogenicity
http://bawandinesh.name/wp-
content/uploads/2008/12/cartoon-mouse-1.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
15/31
Safety and Toxicity
Fullerenes with no functional groups can have
positive effects and act as antioxidants
Fullerenes with functional groups can be
highly toxic, but the danger is from the
functional groups only, not the fullerenes.
Fullerenes in the environment can be
dangerous because of organic solvents
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
16/31
Synthesis of Buckyballs
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00128a052
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
17/31
Controlled Synthesis:
Surface Catalysed Route
A system of 6 and 5 membered
rings were placed on activated
Platinum 111 surface to removehydrogens.
Highly efficient, close to 100% yield
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld
/News/2008/August/13080802.asp
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
18/31
Fullerene Synthesis
The three main ways to synthesis single walled
carbon molecules, either buckyballs or
nanotubes are:
Electric Arc Discharge
Laser Ablation
Chemical Vapor Deposition
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
19/31
Electric Arc Discharge
Electric arc discharge of carbon electrodes, with Ni and Y
catalysts present, produces several condensed species of
material including amorphous carbon and single-walled
nanotubes.
http://www.mse.engin.umich.edu/research/presentations/34
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
20/31
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol304/issue5668/images/large/zse0130424190001.jpeg -
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
21/31
Chemical Vapor Deposition
The picture on the rightshows the spinning processinvolved in chemical vapordeposition. Liquid
feedstock, containingferrocene and thiophene,is mixed with hydrogen and injected into thehot zone, where an aerogel of nanotubesforms. This aerogel is captured and wound out
of the hot zone continuously as a fiber or film.The wind-up is by an offset rotating spindle.
Actual picture of nanotubes being woundbetween spindles.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/con
tent/full/304/5668/276/FIG3
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/con
tent/full/304/5668/276/FIG1
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol304/issue5668/images/large/zse0130424190001.jpeghttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol304/issue5668/images/large/zse0130424190001.jpeghttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol304/issue5668/images/large/zse0130424190003.jpeg -
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
22/31
Potential Applications
Scanning tunneling
microscopy
Molecular sensors for
detecting organicmolecules
Bucky Paper
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Scann
ing_tunneling_microscope_-_ideal_tip.svg/520px-
Scanning_tunneling_microscope_-_ideal_tip.svg.png
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
23/31
Potential Applications
Bucky Paper
Fire resistance
Television screens
Bucky paper may be more efficient than CRT and
LCD displays
High thermal conductivity may lead to better
heat sinks for electronics
Filter membranes
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
24/31
Atoms inside of the Ball
Has the potential to carry a drug in the interiorof the molecule and release the drug once thebuckyball reaches a certain cell or tissue
within the body.Buckyballs with metal
ions inside may be usedin organic solar cells andmay become crucial partsto nanoelectronic devices.
http://mooreslore.corante.com/archives/im
ages/buckyball.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
25/31
Hardness
When compressed to 70 percent of its original
size, the buckyball becomes more than twice
as hard as its cousin, diamond.
Nanohydraulic piston
http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/nanohydraulic-piston-large.jpg
http://www.vectordiary.com/isd_tutorials/00
8_diamond/diamond_illustration.gif
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
26/31
High speed collisions
The buckyball can withstand slamming into a
stainless steel plate at 15,000 mph, merely
bouncing back, unharmed.
Screenshots Taken From
http://www.nanoed.org/courses/carbon_nan
otube/ballv02.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
27/31
Doping
By replacing carbon atoms within
the buckyball with other atoms,
different properties are obtained.
This process is called doping.
Superconducting Temperatures of
Doped Balls:
Potassium doped: 18K
Rubidium doped: 30KTable of Oxide Superconductors for Comparison
http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/mr/v11n4/21t1.gif
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
28/31
Stability
Extremely stable; could
yield new lubricants and
protective coatings. They
could also be used infilters and many other
applications.
Filter material above shows growth of bacterial
colonies which im pede flow. Filter below, with
Carbon-60 added, has no colonies.
http://news.duke.edu/2009/03/images/b
uckyball_treated.jpg
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
29/31
More Applications to come
Because thediscovery offullerenes andbuckyballs is fairly
recent within thescientificcommunity, muchresearch is beingdone on them
and many newapplications willarise with time.
Researchers observed C60 carbon
molecules dissolved or in colloidal form in
various solvents. C60 dissolved in toluene
(left, magenta) does not partition into
water (bottom). In the second vial from
the left, C60 is dissolved in the solventTHF. In the third vial from the left, water is
added to the C60/THF solution, resulting
in a yellow suspension of C60
nanoparticles (nano-C60). In the third vial
from the right, THF can be evaporated,
resulting in a water suspension of nano-
C60 in only water. The nano-C60 in water
(bottom) only very slowly dissolves into
organic solvents such as toluene (top) inthe second vial from the right. The
addition of a mild oxidant drives the
fullernes from the water (bottom) back
into the organic phase (top, light magenta)
in the vial at the far right.
http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/n
ewsrelease/nanowaste.htm
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
30/31
Buckyballs
Solar cells
Televisions andMonitors
Lubricant
Drug Delivery
FlameResistance
Super-conductors
Microscopy
FilterMembranes
The potential
applications of
buckyballs promise
advances in many
distinct fields ofresearch.
Buckyballs
Katie Huseman
Travis Jackson
Wes Johnson
Daniel Howsmon
-
8/12/2019 G04 Buckyballs
31/31
Additional Sources Used
http://machinedesign.com/article/a-new-buckyball-bounces-into-town-0414
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/buckyball/c60a.htm
http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-
275900-0
http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htm
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/bucky/bucky.html
http://machinedesign.com/article/a-new-buckyball-bounces-into-town-0414http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/buckyball/c60a.htmhttp://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htmhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/bucky/bucky.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/bucky/bucky.htmlhttp://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htmhttp://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-275900-0http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/buckyball/c60a.htmhttp://machinedesign.com/article/a-new-buckyball-bounces-into-town-0414
top related