fv2-parte-2
Post on 08-Nov-2015
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PV plants for research purposes in Antofagasta
7/16
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Soiling
8/16
Process by which dust deposits on a surface during exposure to the environment
1. Due to gravity: sedimentation of the
particles on the surface.
2. Adhesion due to: humidity, Van der Waals
force and/or electrostatic.
3. Cementation with salt and other
substances.
4. Others: e. g. bird dropping
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Chemical composition and particle size
9/16
PV plants at the coast of the Atacama desert: c-Si/a-Si tandem thin films, mc-Si and mono-Si
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PV plants at coastal zone of Atacama Desert [ ] [ ]
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22
==
m
kWm
kWhY
kWpkWhYGH
PEPR
r
f
STC
POA
STC
DC
Yr: Avg n of STC peak sun hours defining solar resource for PV plant
Yf: n of hours that the PV array would need to operate at its rated power to provide the measured (DC) energy
HPOA: 2600 kWh/m2*year Yf,mono-Si: 1760 kWh/kWp*year Yf,a-Si/c-Si: 1690 kWh/kWp*yearYf,mc-Si: 1590 kWh/kWp*year
PRslopemono-Si: -1.7, -3.7, -1.8 %/monthPRslopea-Si/c-Si: -4.2, -4.4, -3.7 %/monthPRslopemc-Si: -1.8, -3.8, -3.1 %/month
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Daily performance ratio and temperature
11/16
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Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE)LCoE represents the generated electricity cost including the initial capital, the return of investment and variable cost
ATC is the annualized total costs and TEP is the total energy produced.The ATC depends on total investment and variable costs () and annualized factor (:
f=
Where r is the discount rate and n is the lifetime of the plant in years.
1612/Full Load Hours
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Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE)
13/16
LCoE Thin film mono-Si mc-Si
Clean (cEURO/kWh) 14.49 13.37 15.65
Dirty (cEURO/kWh) 15.56 14.33 16.71
Thin film mono-Si mc-Si
Item Value Quantity Total Value Quantity Total Value Quantity Total
Modules 132.8 24 3187.2 231.5 18 4167 240 14 3360
Inverters 1000 1 1000 900 1 900 900 1 900
Dataloggers 329 0,5 164.5 329 0,5 164.5 329 1 329
Sensors 223 1 223 223 1 223 346 1 346
Structure 320 10 3200 320 6 1920 320 8 2560
O&M 1O&M 2
48.15
48.15
3
12
48.11
192.46
48.15
48.15
3
12
48.11
192.46
48.15
48.15
3
12
48.11
192.46
Others 209.18 1 209.18 209.18 1 209.18 209.18 1 209.18
Total 1
Total 2
8031.99
8176.34
7631.79
7776.14
7752.29
7896.64
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PV plants at industrial environment in Atacama
14/16
GHI: 2540 60 kWh/m2*year
GTI: 2850 10 kWh/m2*year
GTI: 2640 10 kWh/m2*year
TGI: 3500 20 kWh/m2*year
GHI: Global Horizontal Irradiation
GTI: Global Tilted Irradiation
TGI: 1-axis Sun-Tracking Global Irradiation
Yf,CdTe: 1590 80 kWh/kWp*year
Yf,mc-Si: 1790 50 kWh/kWp*year
Yf,mc-Si-track :2320 60 kWh/kWp*year
PRslope,CdTe: -4.3 0.2 %/month
PRslope,mc-Si: -4.0 0.2 %/month
PRslope,mc-Si-track : -4.4 0.4 %/month
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LCoE of the PV plants at industrial environment
15/16
Data Value Unity CdTe (fixed), 5,6 kW mc-Si (fixed), 5,2 kW mc-Si (tracking), 5,2 kW
Module cost 0,78 US$/W $ 4.368,00 $ 4.056,00 $ 4.056,00
Inverter cost 0,194 US$/W $ 1.086,40 $ 1.008,80 $ 1.008,80
Balance of system, equipment 1,43 US$/W $ 8.008,00 $ 7.436,00 $ 7.436,00
Installation labor 0,62 US$/W $ 3.472,00 $ 3.224,00 $ 3.224,00
Installer margin and overhead 1,42 US$/W $ 7.952,00 $ 7.384,00 $ 7.384,00
Permitting, environmental studies 0,08 US$/W $ 448,00 $ 416,00 $ 416,00
Grid interconnection 0,3 US$/W $ 1.680,00 $ 1.560,00 $ 1.560,00
O&M 1 (clean) 40 US$/kW-year $ 224,00 $ 208,00 $ 208,00
TOTAL (US$) $ 27.238,40 $ 25.292,80 $ 25.292,80
O&M 2 (dirty) 40 US$/kW-year $ 0,00 $ 0,00 $ 0,00
TOTAL (US$) $ 27.014,40 $ 25.084,80 $ 25.084,80
Clean (c/kWh) $ 21,86 $ 18,92 $ 14,67
Dirty (c/kWh) $ 28,49 $ 23,79 $ 18,36
Clean (cUSD/kWh) $ 23,78 $ 20,58 $ 15,95
Dirty (cUSD/kWh) $ 30,98 $ 25,87 $ 19,97
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Ongoing and future investigations
EVA: ethylene vinyl acetate
POE: polyolefin elastomer
Main content of the samples
][mA/cm )()()( 202
1
dTISRqJ =
Compound Composition
Alpha quarz SiO2
Albite NaAlSi3O8
Halite NaCl
Hematite Fe2O3
Calcite CaCO3
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Conclusions
17/
High solar radiation levels, moderate temperatures and clear sky in northern Chile
Different environmental conditions and energy needs in Chile
Behavior of PV technologies not well known in Chile
Soiling and interaction of materials with the environment
Determination of LCoE for PV plants considering actual performance, and prediction for new PV projects
Possibility to test PV devices in Atacama (performance and material degradation, electricity costs)
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