fundamentals of safety

FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY

BENEFITS OF A SAFETY PROGRAM

Reduces work related injuries and illnessImproves morale and productivityReduces workers’ compensation costs

4 ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SAFETY PROGRAM

Mgmt. commitment and employee involvementWorksite analysisHazard prevention and controlSafety training

METHODS TO PREVENT AND CONTROL HAZARDS

Engineering controlsAdministrative controlsPPESafe work practices

WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY?

An emergency can be caused by natural events or human actions.

It is critical to have a plan for any emergency that may occur anytime, anywhere.

WORK SETTING

1. Knowing your employer’s Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

2. EAP covers:Evacuation routes and assembly areasMedical response options

Employee notification proceduresTypes of emergencies that could reasonably occur.

DEVELOPING AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

1. Describe actions that ensure employee safety during an emergency

2. To map out a floor plan showing emergency routes3. To communicate to employees the actions they are to

take in emergency situations4. To ensure all emergencies that might reasonably be

expected are covered in the plan.

WHAT TYPE OF EMERGENCIES?

FiresToxic chemical releasesHurricanesTornadoesBlizzardsFloodsEarthquakesTerrorist attacks

OSHA

OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND

HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

1. Encourages employers and employees to work together to reduce workplace hazards and implement or improve safety programs.

2. Develops and enforces mandatory job standards in the areas of occupational safety and health.

3. Maintains a reporting and recordkeeping system to monitor job-related illnesses and injuries.

4. Provides assistance, training, and other support program is to help employees and workers.

EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES

Provide a safe and healthful workplace free of recognized hazards

Follow requirements of OSHA standardsProvide appropriate training for employees

EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Follow employer’s safety and health rules2. Wear or use all required gear and equipment3. Follow safe work practices for your job as

directly by your employer

EMPLOYEE RIGHTS

1. Workers can complain to OSHA in person, by telephone, by mail or electronically through OSHA’s web site about workplace conditions threatening their health or safety.

2. Complainants have whistleblower protections against reprisal.

OSHA REQUIREMENTS

1. Emergency Action Plan must be in writing2. Plan must list employee Safety Officer3. Plan must have written dates for inspections

and yearly assessment/training4. Plan must give procedures addressing all

hazards in the facility

5. Plan must identify hazards and prevention 6. Plan must provide initial training and yearly

training of every employee7. Training and re-training must be documented8. Report of all employee injuries/incidents must

be posted every April in a designated site that is stated in the EAP. This report must be posted for the specific time frame according to OSHA.

BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS

Blood borne pathogens are organisms that cause disease.

WAYS OF TRANSMISSION

1. Airborne2. Blood borne – Hep B and HIV are examples3. Foodborne

TYPE OF BODY FLUIDS PUT YOU AT RISK

Blood, semen, vaginal fluids

BODY FLUIDS THAT DO NOT PUT YOU AT RISK

Vomit, urine, saliva

ROUTES OF ENTRY

1. Cut in the skin2. Exposure to your eyes, nose or mouth3. Sexual conduct4. Sharing needles

TO REDUCE THE RISK OF EXPOSURE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE THE FOLLOWING:

1. Knowledge of blood borne pathogens2. Follow universal precautions3. Engineering controls4. Utilize safe work practices

EMPLOYERS ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE FOR ALL EMPLOYEES WHO MAY BE

EXPOSED:

1. A written exposure control plan2. Training3. Adequate PPE

IF EXPOSED TO BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN

It is important to immediately wash the exposed area of your body with soap and water or water only for exposure to eyes or mouth. Notify supervisor immediately after washing.

HAZARD COMMUNICATION

1. Commonly called the “Right to Know Law”2. Gives you the right to know every chemical

hazard in your work area3. Warning labels must be on a container holding

a hazardous chemical

4. According to OSHA if you are hired by a company to work in an area where hazardous chemicals are stored but your regular job would not require you to handle those chemicals the employer is required to provide you training prior to working in the area.

5. Chronic exposure happens slowly over a long period of time.

6. Chemicals can create the following physical hazards:

a. Fireb. Explosionc. Dangerous chemical reactions

FIRE PREVENTION PLANS AND PROTECTION

Subpart E: Exit routes, Emergency action plans, and Fire prevention plans contain requirements essential to providing a safe means of escape from fire and similar emergencies.

Subpart L: Fire Protection contains requirement s for fire brigades and all portable and fixed fire suppression equipment, fire detection systems, and fire or employee alarm systems installed to meet the fire protection requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910

3 PARTS TO APPROPRIATE EXIT ROUTE

1. Exit access2. Exit3. Exit discharge

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE EXIT ROUTE

1. Fire alarms to alert occupants, including flashing lights to alert those that are hearing impaired.

2. Enough exits in the proper arrangement for quick escape of all occupants in an emergency

3. Adequate and reliable illumination for all exit facilities.

4. At least 28 inches wide and 7 ½ ft. in height

5. Unobstructed, unblocked and unlocked exits6. The door that connects any room to an exit

rout must swing out in the direction of exit travel if the room is designed to be occupied by more than 50 people or if the room is a high hazard area.

ELEMENTS OF A FIRE PREVENTION PLAN

1. The plan must be in writing2. The plan must list major fire hazards3. The plan must give procedures for handling,

storage and control of items that have been identifies as major fire hazards.

4. The plan must give the names and mob titles of persons responsible fora. Maintenance of equipment and systems to prevent or control ignitions or fires.b. Control of fuel source hazards

5. The plan must provide training for all employees who have responsibility for activates in the plan.

5 CLASSES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Class A – combustibles/wood, cloth, paperClass B – flammables/liquids, gasesClass C – electrical/energized electrical

equipmentClass D – combustible metalsClass K – combustible cooking media/vegetable or

animal oils and fats

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1. Must be fully charged2. Must be kept in operable condition3. Must be kept in their designated place at all times

except during operation4. Must conduct an annual maintenance check5. Must record the annual maintenance check and

retain this record for one year after the last entry or for the life of the shell whichever is less

PREVENTING WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

Violence can include physical, non-physical, verbal, and non-verbal attacks. One of the best ways to prevent workplace violence is to recognize the warning signs.

POTENTIALLY VIOLENT SITUATIONS:

1. Abusive language2. Harassment3. Intimidation4. Physical assault5. Threats of assault

FACTORS THAT LEAD TO AN INCREASE RISK

1. Working late night or early morning hours handling money or other valuables

2. Making deliveries and having extensive contact with the public

3. Working in places where alcohol is served.

STRONG WARNING SIGNS OF POTENTIAL VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

1. Making an obscene gesture to co workers2. Screaming at customers3. Constantly complaining about the job4. Showing up to work under the influence of

alcohol

3 BASIC THINGS TO EXPECT FROM AN EMPLOYER TO KEEP WORKPLACE SAFE

1. A workplace violence policy2. Training in preventing workplace violence3. Consistently maintained safe work

environment

3 BEHAVIORS AN EMPLOYEE CAN DO TO PROVIDE A SAFE ENVIRONMENT

1. Be familiar with employer’s workplace violence policy

2. Report any warning signs or threats of violence3. Treat coworkers and customers with respect

3 WORKPLACE VIOLENCE PREVENTION STRATEGIES

1. Employer and employee involvement2. Warning signs3. Coping skills

3 STEPS TO PREVENT WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

1. Understand how to protect yourself 2. Think about safety in your surroundings3. Plan your possible responses to a violent

situation

ERGONOMICS

The science of adjusting the environment, task, or procedure to fit the individual.

Failure to use proper ergonomic practices can affect almost every part of your body.

Using ergonomics, you should omit unnecessary task and vary activities.

Awkward posture places a person at risk for injuries due to poor ergonomic practices

PROPER LIFTING PROCEDURE

Failure to use proper ergonomic practices can affect almost every part of your body.

Using ergonomics, you should omit unnecessary task and vary activities.

Awkward posture places a person at risk for injuries due to poor ergonomic practices

MUSCULAR DISORDERS

1. Cumulative trauma – injuries evolve over a period of time from repeated stress

2. Repetitive stress injuries3. Repetitive motion injuries

PERSONAL RISK FACTORS FOR ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

1. Physical condition2. Body size3. Medical condition