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FRONTIERS OF RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS
2006
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERS
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCE
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOS
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITES
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHz
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGS
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGSPOWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGSPOWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONSSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT STUDIES
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGSPOWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONSSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT STUDIESBROADCAST STUDIES
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGSPOWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONSSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT STUDIESBROADCAST STUDIESFRONTIER TECHNOLOGY
2
FRONTIER TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
FORCES IMPACTING FRONTIERSIMT-2000 AND BEYOND (IMT-ADVANCED)IEEE STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTUNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCESOFTWARE AND COGNITIVE RADIOSRADIONAVIGATION SATELITESBSS / FSS SHARING> 50 GHzRF IDENTIFICATION TAGSPOWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONSSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT STUDIESBROADCAST STUDIESFRONTIER TECHNOLOGYS-CURVES
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
• PUBLIC AND SOCIAL INTEREST
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
• PUBLIC AND SOCIAL INTEREST
• CONSUMERS' INTERESTS AND MOBILITY
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
• PUBLIC AND SOCIAL INTEREST
• CONSUMERS' INTERESTS AND MOBILITY
• WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION AGREEMENTS (OPEN MARKETS)
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
• PUBLIC AND SOCIAL INTEREST
• CONSUMERS' INTERESTS AND MOBILITY
• WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION AGREEMENTS (OPEN MARKETS)
• FOREIGN OWNERSHIP / ACCESS (INVESTMENT)
3
FORCES IMPACTING TELECOMMUNICATION FRONTIERS
• INTERNET
• GLOBALIZATION (UNIVERSAL SWITCHED NETWORK ACCESS) AND LIBRALIZATION
• NATIONAL PRIORITIES (REGULATIONS)
• PRIVATIZATION AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
• COMPETITION AND ECONOMICS
• TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET INNOVATION
• PUBLIC AND SOCIAL INTEREST
• CONSUMERS' INTERESTS AND MOBILITY
• WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION AGREEMENTS (OPEN MARKETS)
• FOREIGN OWNERSHIP / ACCESS (INVESTMENT)
• EARTH ENVIRONMENT
Generations of Terrestrial Commercial Wireless Systems
TimeCap
abili
ty E
nhan
cem
ents
by
Gen
erat
ion Mobile telephone
Analog cellular technology
Macro cells
Digital voice, messaging & data services
Fixed wireless loop, wireless LAN services
Digital cellular & PCS
Macro, micro & pico cells
Greatly enhanced data communications services
Narrowband and wideband multimedia services
Higher spectrum for wideband applications
Macro, micro & pico cells
Very high bit rate (> 2 Mb/s) multimedia enhancements
1980 1990 2000 2010
1GW
2GW
3GW
2020
IMT-2000 and Beyond
Future Evolution
Generations of Terrestrial Commercial Wireless Systems
TimeCap
abili
ty E
nhan
cem
ents
by
Gen
erat
ion Mobile telephone
Analog cellular technology
Macro cells
Digital voice, messaging & data services
Fixed wireless loop, wireless LAN services
Digital cellular & PCS
Macro, micro & pico cells
Greatly enhanced data communications services
Narrowband and wideband multimedia services
Higher spectrum for wideband applications
Macro, micro & pico cells
Very high bit rate (> 2 Mb/s) multimedia enhancements
1980 1990 2000 2010
1GW
2GW
3GW
2020
IMT-2000 and Beyond
Future Evolution
Time1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Glo
baliz
atio
n
Nat
’l
R
eg’L
Int’
l
Historical (2G)Recent Past (3G)
Current and Future (3G and Beyond)
Standardization Activities Relative to the Generations
5
ITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
5
ITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
• WP8F IS THE GLOBAL FOCAL POINT FOR THE CONTINUING VISION OF NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SERVICES AND SYSTEMS, ACTING AS A FORUM FOR USER REQUIREMENTS AND AS A CATALYST FOR TRANSLATING THOSE REQUIREMENTS INTO TECHNICAL REALITY
• WP8F HAS THE CHALLENGING TASK OF SUPPORTING THE NEAR TERM NEEDS OF THE IMT-2000 MARKETPLACE WHILE EXPLORING WHERE WE MIGHT GO IN THE WIRELESS WORLD OF THE FUTURE (IMT-ADVANCED)
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
• ENHANCED INTERNET PROTOCOL
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
• ENHANCED INTERNET PROTOCOL• TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES, AND
CHARACTERISTICS
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
• ENHANCED INTERNET PROTOCOL• TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES, AND
CHARACTERISTICS• HARMONIZE SPECTRUM
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
• ENHANCED INTERNET PROTOCOL• TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES, AND
CHARACTERISTICS• HARMONIZE SPECTRUM
• MIGRATION STRATEGY
6
MOBILE SERVICE STUDIESITU-R WORKING PARTY 8F
(IMT-ADVANCED)• FUTURE SYSTEMS WITH DATA RATES > 2 Mbit/s• SERVICE APPLICATIONS, OBJECTIVES AND USER
NEEDS
• ENHANCED INTERNET PROTOCOL• TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES, AND
CHARACTERISTICS• HARMONIZE SPECTRUM
• MIGRATION STRATEGY• GLOBAL CIRCULATION AND MUTUAL
RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
1710 - 1755 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
1710 - 1755 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE1755 - 1850 MHz - DEFENSE USES
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
1710 - 1755 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE1755 - 1850 MHz - DEFENSE USES2110 - 2150 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
1710 - 1755 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE1755 - 1850 MHz - DEFENSE USES2110 - 2150 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE2160 - 2165 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE
7
THIRD GENERATION(IMT-2000 AND BEYOND)
1710 - 1755 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE1755 - 1850 MHz - DEFENSE USES2110 - 2150 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE2160 - 2165 MHz - FIXED & MOBILE2500 - 2690 MHz – MMDS, ITFS, BSS
8
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003
* UWB: 500 Mbit/s** ZigBee: 250 kb/s
8
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003
PAN<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 500 Mbit/s** ZigBee: 250 kb/s
8
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003
WLAN<100 m
11-54 Mbit/s
802.11a/b, e, g
Wi-Fi®
PAN<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 500 Mbit/s** ZigBee: 250 kb/s
8
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003
MAN<5 km
70 Mbit/s
802.16a/e
WiMAXNew standard forFixed broadbandWireless. Trying to dofor MAN what Wi-Fidid for LAN.
WLAN<100 m
11-54 Mbit/s
802.11a/b, e, g
Wi-Fi®
PAN<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 500 Mbit/s** ZigBee: 250 kb/s
8
WWAN<15 km
802.20 (proposed)
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, “Birth of Broadband”, September 2003
MAN<5 km
70 Mbit/s
802.16a/e
WiMAXNew standard forFixed broadbandWireless. Trying to dofor MAN what Wi-Fidid for LAN.
WLAN<100 m
11-54 Mbit/s
802.11a/b, e, g
Wi-Fi®
PAN<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 500 Mbit/s** ZigBee: 250 kb/s
9
Distance from licensed transmitting antenna
Po
wer
at
Rec
eive
r Licensed signal
Current FCC Power Limits
UNDERLAYS AND INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE
New Opportunities for Spectrum
Access
Noise Floor
Prevent Aggregation Above Interference Temperature Limit
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATURE
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEING
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILE
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILESERVICE BANDS:
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILESERVICE BANDS:
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILESERVICE BANDS:
• 6525-6700 MHz
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILESERVICE BANDS:
• 6525-6700 MHz • 12.75-13.15 GHz
10
INTERFERENCE TEMPERATUREWITH THIS CONCEPT, USING COGNITIVE
RADIOS, OPERATION IS BEINGCONSIDERED IN FIXED SERVICE, FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICE, AND MOBILESERVICE BANDS:
• 6525-6700 MHz • 12.75-13.15 GHz• 13.2125-13.25 GHz
11
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
11
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
A RADIO THAT INCLUDES A TRANSMITTER IN WHICH THE OPERATING PARAMETERS OF
FREQUENCY RANGE, MODULATION TYPE OR MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER (EITHER RADIATED OR CONDUCTED)
CAN BE ALTERED BY MAKING A CHANGE IN SOFTWARE WITHOUT
MAKING ANY CHANGES TO HARDWARE COMPONENTS THAT AFFECT THE RADIO FREQUENCY
EMISSIONS
12
COGNITIVE RADIO
12
COGNITIVE RADIO
12
COGNITIVE RADIO
A RADIO THAT SENSES ITS ENVIRONMENT AND LOCATION, AND AUTOMATICALLY ADAPTS
TO THAT ENVIRONMENT MAKING USE OF AVAILABLE
SPECTRUM AND TECHNOLOGY INCLUDING FOR OVERLAYS AND
UNDERLAYS
13
SDR / COGNITIVE RADIO ABILITIES AND PROCESSES
13
SDR / COGNITIVE RADIO ABILITIES AND PROCESSES
1. USE “EMPTY” SPECTRUM2. FILL EMPTY TIME SLOTS3. VARY SIGNAL LEVELS4. APPLY CODING5. DIGITALLY PROCESS6. VARY ROUTING7. USE ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS8. ENABLE BOTH NEGOTIATED AND NON-
VOLUNTARY SHARING
(USED TODAY IN WIRELESS LANs AND MOBILE SERVICENETWORKS BOTH ON A MULTIBAND AND
MULTIFUNCTION BASIS)
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
GPS
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
GPSGLONASS
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
GPSGLONASSGALILEO
14
GLOBAL POSITIONING(RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE
SERVICE)
GPSGLONASSGALILEONEW JAPANESE SYSTEM
15
BSS / FSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
15
BSS / FSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
• BSS SHARING WITH NGSO FSS OPERATIONS IS FEASIBLE
15
BSS / FSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
• BSS SHARING WITH NGSO FSS OPERATIONS IS FEASIBLE
• TERRESTRIAL MVDDS CAN OPERATE AT 12 GHz Ku BAND ON NON-HARMFUL INTERFERENCE BASIS
15
BSS / FSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
• BSS SHARING WITH NGSO FSS OPERATIONS IS FEASIBLE
• TERRESTRIAL MVDDS CAN OPERATE AT 12 GHz Ku BAND ON NON-HARMFUL INTERFERENCE BASIS
• GLOBAL TECHNICAL AND SERVICE RULES IN PLACE FOR AGGREGATION
15
BSS / FSS SHARING (SKYBRIDGE)
• BSS SHARING WITH NGSO FSS OPERATIONS IS FEASIBLE
• TERRESTRIAL MVDDS CAN OPERATE AT 12 GHz Ku BAND ON NON-HARMFUL INTERFERENCE BASIS
• GLOBAL TECHNICAL AND SERVICE RULES IN PLACE FOR AGGREGATION
• INTERFERENCE TESTING MANDATORY
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 57 - 64 GHz UNLICENSED ALLOCATION (HIGH O2 ABSORPTION) TO PROVIDE 7 GHz OF VERY HIGH SPEED AND/OR HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES, AND FOR NETWORKING BACKBONE PURPOSES IN CONGESTED AREAS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 57 - 64 GHz UNLICENSED ALLOCATION (HIGH O2 ABSORPTION) TO PROVIDE 7 GHz OF VERY HIGH SPEED AND/OR HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES, AND FOR NETWORKING BACKBONE PURPOSES IN CONGESTED AREAS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 57 - 64 GHz UNLICENSED ALLOCATION (HIGH O2 ABSORPTION) TO PROVIDE 7 GHz OF VERY HIGH SPEED AND/OR HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES, AND FOR NETWORKING BACKBONE PURPOSES IN CONGESTED AREAS
• 64 - 66 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES, EXCEPT AMS TO I NTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 57 - 64 GHz UNLICENSED ALLOCATION (HIGH O2 ABSORPTION) TO PROVIDE 7 GHz OF VERY HIGH SPEED AND/OR HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES, AND FOR NETWORKING BACKBONE PURPOSES IN CONGESTED AREAS
• 64 - 66 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES, EXCEPT AMS TO I NTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
16
MILLIMETER WAVES (ABOVE 50 GHz)
• 51.4 - 52.6 GHz AND 58.2 - 59 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES TO INTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 57 - 64 GHz UNLICENSED ALLOCATION (HIGH O2 ABSORPTION) TO PROVIDE 7 GHz OF VERY HIGH SPEED AND/OR HIGH BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION OVER SHORT DISTANCES, AND FOR NETWORKING BACKBONE PURPOSES IN CONGESTED AREAS
• 64 - 66 GHz ALLOCATED TO FIXED AND MOBILE SERVICES, EXCEPT AMS TO I NTERCONNECT MOBILE SERVICE BASE STATIONS AND OTHER SYSTEMS
• 65 - 71 GHz ALLOCATED TO INTERSATELLITE SERVICE FOR SATELLITE NETWORK INTERCONNECTIONS PROMOTING VIDEO TELEPHONY, MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL TELE-IMAGING, HIGH SPEED DATA NETWORKS, AND BANDWIDTH-ON-DEMAND FOR CONSUMERS
17
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATION
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSES
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATES
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRY
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENT
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORY
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
AIRLINE LUGGAGE / SECURITY
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
AIRLINE LUGGAGE / SECURITY
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
AIRLINE LUGGAGE / SECURITY
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
MEDICATION TRACKING
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
AIRLINE LUGGAGE / SECURITY
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
MEDICATION TRACKINGFOOD TRACEABILITY
17
RAPID TRANSPORTATIONRAIL CARSTOLLBOOTH PASSESPARKING GATESPALLETSPERSONNEL ENTRYLIBRARY MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PROTECTION“BEST CUSTOMER” CARDS
RF IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGSREAD AT ~ 3 OR 4 METER DISTANCE
PRIVACY IS A PARTICULAR ISSUE
Source: TIA, “The Economic and Social Benefits of Broadband Deployment”, October 2003
PRODUCT INVENTORYPRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
AIRLINE LUGGAGE / SECURITY
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
MEDICATION TRACKINGFOOD TRACEABILITY
ENVIRONMENTAL, ANIMAL, POULTRY, FISH, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
18
RFID TAG CONTAINING A MICROCHIP SURROUNDED BY COPPER STRANDS THAT ACT
AS AN ANTENNA
COURTESY OF INTERMEC TECHNOLOGIES
SOURCE: WASHINGTON POST
19
CURRENT RFID TAG TYPES BY FORM, DIMENSIONS, AND MAIN APPLICATION
TECHNOLOGY – UWB?
FORM DIMENSIONS MAIN APPLICATION
DISK SEVERAL mm TO TENS OF mm•CLOTHING MANAGEMENT
•TAGS FOR EMBEDDING IN DEVICES
TUBE SEVERAL mm TO TENS OF mm•ANIMAL / AQUATIC MANAGEMENT
•PALLET MANAGEMENT
LABEL SEVERAL mm TO TENS OF mm
•TAGS FOR POINT-OF-SERVICE PAYMENT
•DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT
•FREIGHT MANAGEMENT
CARD 85 x 54 x SEVERAL mm
•PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PASSES
•TELEPHONE CARDS
•ID CARDS FOR ENTRY / EXIT
BOX 50 x 50 x 10 mm ~•VEHICLE MANAGEMENT
•CONTAINER MANAGEMENT
SOURCE: NEW BREEZE, ITU ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN 2004
20
FORECAST OF RFID ECONOMIC IMPACT
IMPEDED USE DUE TO UNRESOLVED ISSUES (STANDARDIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND
PRIVACY)
SUFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT
DESPITE UNSOLVED ISSUES
FAST WIDESPREAD USE DUE TO TECHNOLOGY ISSUES, AND LOWER
COST
NEGATIVE CASE
BASE CASE
POSITIVE CASE
SOURCE: NEW BREEZE, ITU ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN 2004
$81 BILLION $155 BILLION $282 BILLION
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING AND MODULATION
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING AND MODULATION
• MULTIPLE CARRIERS
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING AND MODULATION
• MULTIPLE CARRIERS
• SERVICE OUT TO ≈ TWO KILOMETERS
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING AND MODULATION
• MULTIPLE CARRIERS
• SERVICE OUT TO ≈ TWO KILOMETERS• 2 to 80 MHz BANDWIDTHS - - UP to 80 MHz RF
21
POWER LINE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING AND MODULATION
• MULTIPLE CARRIERS
• SERVICE OUT TO ≈ TWO KILOMETERS• 2 to 80 MHz BANDWIDTHS - - UP to 80 MHz RF
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACCESS TO NEIGHBORHOODS OR TO BUILDINGS OR HOMES WHERE EXISTS POWER INFRASTRUCTURE
22
BPL BENEFITS
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE• ACCESS TO WHEREVER THERE IS MAINS
POWER
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE• ACCESS TO WHEREVER THERE IS MAINS
POWER
• REDUNDANCY AT LOW COST
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE• ACCESS TO WHEREVER THERE IS MAINS
POWER
• REDUNDANCY AT LOW COST• BETTER MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC GRIDS
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE• ACCESS TO WHEREVER THERE IS MAINS
POWER
• REDUNDANCY AT LOW COST• BETTER MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC GRIDS
• SMART HOME APPLICANCES
22
BPL BENEFITS• COMPETITION TO DSL, CABLE, AND SATELLITE• ACCESS TO WHEREVER THERE IS MAINS
POWER
• REDUNDANCY AT LOW COST• BETTER MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC GRIDS
• SMART HOME APPLICANCES• REMOTE NOTIFICATION (SECURITY, TRAFFIC,
REMOTE METER READING, INTERNET CONNECTIVITY)
23
BPL RULES
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSED
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCE
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCE
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCELIMITED RF EMISSION (TABLE)
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCELIMITED RF EMISSION (TABLE)12 AERONAUTICAL BANDS RESTRICTED (TABLE)
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCELIMITED RF EMISSION (TABLE)12 AERONAUTICAL BANDS RESTRICTED (TABLE)REQUIRED CONSULTATION WITH PUBLIC SAFETY AND
AERONAUTICAL SITES
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCELIMITED RF EMISSION (TABLE)12 AERONAUTICAL BANDS RESTRICTED (TABLE)REQUIRED CONSULTATION WITH PUBLIC SAFETY AND
AERONAUTICAL SITESEXCLUSION ZONES
2182 kHz WITHIN 1 km OF A MARITIME STATION73-74.6 MHz WITHIN 29 km (OVERHEAD) AND 11 km
(UNDERGROUND) OF RADIOASTRONOMY
23
BPL RULESUNLICENSEDNO HARMFUL INTERFERENCEMUST ACCEPT INTERFERENCELIMITED RF EMISSION (TABLE)12 AERONAUTICAL BANDS RESTRICTED (TABLE)REQUIRED CONSULTATION WITH PUBLIC SAFETY AND
AERONAUTICAL SITESEXCLUSION ZONES
2182 kHz WITHIN 1 km OF A MARITIME STATION73-74.6 MHz WITHIN 29 km (OVERHEAD) AND 11 km
(UNDERGROUND) OF RADIOASTRONOMY
ADAPTIVE IX MITIGATION TECHNIQUESEXCLUDE OR NOTCH ANY SPECIFIC FREQUENCYREMOTELY TURN OFF ANY BPL DEVICE
24
BPL EXCLUDED AERONAUTICAL FREQUENCIES
2850 – 3025 kHz 3400 – 3500 kHz 4650 – 4700 kHz
5450 – 5680 kHz 6525 – 6685 kHz 8815 – 8965 kHz
10005 – 10100 kHz 11275 – 11400 kHz 13260 – 13360 kHz
17900 – 17970 kHz 21924 – 22000 kHz 74.8 – 75.2 MHz
25
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (ITU-R SG 1) STUDIES
25
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (ITU-R SG 1) STUDIES
• HOW ARE INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL FIXED, MOBILE, AND BROADCASTING SERVICES CONVERGING TECHNICALLY?
25
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (ITU-R SG 1) STUDIES
• HOW ARE INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL FIXED, MOBILE, AND BROADCASTING SERVICES CONVERGING TECHNICALLY?
• HOW DOES TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RADIO REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT?
25
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (ITU-R SG 1) STUDIES
• HOW ARE INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL FIXED, MOBILE, AND BROADCASTING SERVICES CONVERGING TECHNICALLY?
• HOW DOES TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RADIO REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT?
• IF TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE IMPACTS THE SERVICE DEFINITIONS OF THE RADIO REGULATIONS, HOW SHOULD THE DEFINITIONS (FIXED, MOBILE, AND BROADCASTING) BE REVISED?
26
BROADCAST (ITU-R SG 6) STUDIES
26
BROADCAST (ITU-R SG 6) STUDIES
STUDY GROUP 6 STUDIES TERRESTRIAL AND SATELLITE BROADCASTING FROM END-TO-END, INCLUDING VISION, SOUND, MULTIMEDIA AND DATA SERVICES INTENDED FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC. USE IS MADE OF POINT-TO-EVERYWHERE INFORMATION DELIVERY. WHEN RETURN CHANNELS ARE REQUIRED FOR ACCESS CONTROL, E.G., INTERACTIVITY, AN ASYMMETRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IS USED.
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
• 88 - 108 MHz BAND
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
• 88 - 108 MHz BAND• EXISTING FM RADIO STATIONS USE EITHER +/- 75 kHz
DEVIATION AT 200 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION, OR +/- 50 kHz DEVIATION AT 100 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
• 88 - 108 MHz BAND• EXISTING FM RADIO STATIONS USE EITHER +/- 75 kHz
DEVIATION AT 200 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION, OR +/- 50 kHz DEVIATION AT 100 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION
• IN-BAND ON CHANNEL (IBOC) DIGITAL OVERLAY EXPERIMENTS
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
• 88 - 108 MHz BAND• EXISTING FM RADIO STATIONS USE EITHER +/- 75 kHz
DEVIATION AT 200 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION, OR +/- 50 kHz DEVIATION AT 100 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION
• IN-BAND ON CHANNEL (IBOC) DIGITAL OVERLAY EXPERIMENTS
• IBOC DIGITAL SIGNAL INSERTED ~20 dB BELOW THE ANALOG FM SIGNAL
27
DIGITAL FM BROADCAST
• 88 - 108 MHz BAND• EXISTING FM RADIO STATIONS USE EITHER +/- 75 kHz
DEVIATION AT 200 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION, OR +/- 50 kHz DEVIATION AT 100 kHz CHANNEL SEPARATION
• IN-BAND ON CHANNEL (IBOC) DIGITAL OVERLAY EXPERIMENTS
• IBOC DIGITAL SIGNAL INSERTED ~20 dB BELOW THE ANALOG FM SIGNAL
• OTHER STANDARDS BEING DISCUSSED INTERNATIONALLY WITH THE HOPE OF FINDING A COMMON GLOBAL STANDARD
28
DIGITAL SOUND BROADCASTING BELOW 30 MHz
28
DIGITAL SOUND BROADCASTING BELOW 30 MHz
THE WORLD BROADCASTING UNION AND THE ITU HAVEBEEN COOPERATING IN SUPPORT OF STUDIES LEADING
TO THE ADOPTION OF SINGLE WORLDWIDEBROADCASTING STANDARDS, PARTICULARLY:• SINGLE COMMON DIGITAL SOUND BROADCAST
SYSTEM IN LF, MF, AND HF
• DIGITAL CODING AND MODULATION COMPATIBLE WITH EXISTING STATION PLANNING
• WHAT ARE ADVANTAGES OVER ANALOG?
• WHAT ARE NEW SERVICES?• COMPLEXITY OF DUAL STANDARD (ANALOG AND
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
• HIGH DEFINITION DEFINED AS EQUIVALENT TO A 35 mm CINEMA PICTURE
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
• HIGH DEFINITION DEFINED AS EQUIVALENT TO A 35 mm CINEMA PICTURE
• TWO COMMON GLOBAL STANDARD (ANALOG) TELEVISION BROADCAST CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS, 6 MHz AND 8 MHz
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
• HIGH DEFINITION DEFINED AS EQUIVALENT TO A 35 mm CINEMA PICTURE
• TWO COMMON GLOBAL STANDARD (ANALOG) TELEVISION BROADCAST CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS, 6 MHz AND 8 MHz
• THERE IS A COMMON DIGITAL TELEVISION DISPLAY FORMAT BUT DIFFERENT RF MODULATION SCHEMES (COFDM AND 8VSB)
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
• HIGH DEFINITION DEFINED AS EQUIVALENT TO A 35 mm CINEMA PICTURE
• TWO COMMON GLOBAL STANDARD (ANALOG) TELEVISION BROADCAST CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS, 6 MHz AND 8 MHz
• THERE IS A COMMON DIGITAL TELEVISION DISPLAY FORMAT BUT DIFFERENT RF MODULATION SCHEMES (COFDM AND 8VSB)
• TRANSITION FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL
29
DIGITAL TELEVISION
• HIGH DEFINITION DEFINED AS EQUIVALENT TO A 35 mm CINEMA PICTURE
• TWO COMMON GLOBAL STANDARD (ANALOG) TELEVISION BROADCAST CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS, 6 MHz AND 8 MHz
• THERE IS A COMMON DIGITAL TELEVISION DISPLAY FORMAT BUT DIFFERENT RF MODULATION SCHEMES (COFDM AND 8VSB)
• TRANSITION FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL• VERY POLITICAL (RRC-06)
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OF
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICES
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
– VIDEO PIPELINE (MPEG VIDEO)?
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
– VIDEO PIPELINE (MPEG VIDEO)?– HIGH SPEED INTERNET PROTOCOL?
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
– VIDEO PIPELINE (MPEG VIDEO)?– HIGH SPEED INTERNET PROTOCOL?– CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT?
30
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
STUDIES ARE UNDERWAY OFINTERACTIVE TELEVISION SERVICESSO AS TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE
LICENSING:
– VIDEO PIPELINE (MPEG VIDEO)?– HIGH SPEED INTERNET PROTOCOL?– CUSTOMER PREMISES EQUIPMENT?– ANTI-COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR?
31
BSS-TERRESTRIAL SHARING
31
BSS-TERRESTRIAL SHARING
• SHARING WITH GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE, BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICE (BSS), IS FEASIBLE
31
BSS-TERRESTRIAL SHARING
• SHARING WITH GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE, BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICE (BSS), IS FEASIBLE
• UNIQUE TECHNICAL APPROACH
31
BSS-TERRESTRIAL SHARING
• SHARING WITH GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE, BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICE (BSS), IS FEASIBLE
• UNIQUE TECHNICAL APPROACH• INTERFERENCE TESTING
31
BSS-TERRESTRIAL SHARING
• SHARING WITH GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE, BROADCAST SATELLITE SERVICE (BSS), IS FEASIBLE
• UNIQUE TECHNICAL APPROACH• INTERFERENCE TESTING• POLITICALLY SENSITIVE
32
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
32
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
32
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
32
GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TO
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUAL
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOME
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOMEMARKET BY YEAR 2020.
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOMEMARKET BY YEAR 2020.
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOMEMARKET BY YEAR 2020.
(MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOMEMARKET BY YEAR 2020.
(MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIALAND SONY HAVE PUBLISHED AN
33
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TELEVISION
JAPAN PLANS, STARTING IN 2006, TOCREATE 3-D, HOLOGRAPHIC, VIRTUALTELEVISION IMAGING FOR THE HOMEMARKET BY YEAR 2020.
(MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIALAND SONY HAVE PUBLISHED ANINTERMIM REPORT, JULY 2005)
34
TECHNOLOGY CONTINUES TO EVOLVEU
S $
- L
OG
AR
ITH
MIC
SC
AL
E
35
NEW COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY6 GIGABYTES STORAGE IN A SMALL PACKAGE - 2005
SOURCE: TOSHIBA
36
MOORE’S LAWFAMOUS FORECAST BY INTEL FOUNDER GORDON
MOORE: THE NUMBER OF TRANSISTORS ON A CHIP WOULD ROUGHLY DOUBLE EVERY TWO YEARS
INTEL HAS ACHIEVED A MILESTONE IN SHRINKING THE SIZE OF TRANSISTORS TO POWER ITS NEXT-GENERATION CHIPS TO 35 NANOMETERS
EVEN CURRENT 90 NANOMETER TRANSISTORS HAVE PROBLEMS WITH HEAT AND POWER DISSIPATION
65 NANOMETER TRANSISTORS DELIVERED IN 2005
35 NANOMETER TRANSISTORS (30% SMALLER THAN TODAY’S STATE-OF-THE-ART CHIPS) ARE USED ON 70 MBIT MEMORY CHIPS
POSSIBLE WITH NEW MATERIALS, PROCESSES, AND CHIP STRUCTURES
SLEEP TRANSISTORS SHUT OFF ELECTRICAL CURRENT TO CHIP PARTS (NOT BEING USED) à DECREASING HEAT GENERATION AND HELPING BATTERY-POWERED DEVICES LAST LONGER
MOORE’S LAW HOLDS
37
NEW COMPUTER CHIPSMULTIPLE FUNCTIONS REPLACE SPEED AS MAIN
FEATURE
NEW CHIPS SIMULTANEOUSLY RUN MULTIPLE TASKS SUCH AS BURNING CDS AND WORD PROCESSING
WORLD’S BIGGEST SEMICONDUCTOR MAKER DESIGNING CHIPS WITH MORE THAN ONE PROCESSOR
“A SEA CHANGE IN COMPUTING” – MOVING FROM FASTER CHIPS TO MULTIPLE FUNCTION CHIPS
TRADITION HAS BEEN INCREASING CHIP “CLOCKSPEED” (NUMBER OF CALCULATIONS PER SECOND)
“CLOCKSPEED” TODAY IS 36 TIMES FASTER THAN IN 1995, BUT USERS WANT FEATURES SUCH AS A LONGER BATTERY LIFE, SURROUND SOUND, AND MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
EACH NEW CHIP HAS ON THE ORDER OF 2 MILLION TRANSISTORS
SOURCE: WASHINGTON POST
38
GENERIC “S-CURVE”
39
“S-CURVES” FOR VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
TelephonesElectricityTV's (Color)Cable (basic)VCR'sPC'sInternet Access
40
GLOBAL DIGITAL MOBILE AND INTERNET S-CURVES
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Mobile Telephone Penetration Internet Penetration
Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.
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