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From: Christian Araguas To: <JTDAVIS@southernco.com> Date: 3/5/2007 12:57:28 PM Subject: Draft RAIs on SSAR Sections 2.4 "Hydrology" and 2.5 "Geology" cc: "Laurel Bauer" <LMB1@nrc.gov>,"Sarah Gonzalez" <SHG1@nrc.gov>,"Stephanie Coffin" <SMC1@nrc.gov>,"Thomas Cheng" <TMC@nrc.gov>,"Zahira Cruz-Perez" <zlc@nrc.gov>,"Clifford Munson" <CGM1@nrc.gov>,"Mark Notich" <mdn@nrc.gov>,"Yong Li" <YXL1@nrc.gov>,"Gerry Stirewalt" <GLS3@nrc.gov>,"Tomeka Terry" <TLT2@nrc.gov>,"Stephen Raul Monarque" <SRM2@nrc.gov>,"Weijun Wang" <WXW2@nrc.gov> Jim, Attached are draft RAIs pertaining to the staff's review of SSAR Sections 2.4 "Hydrology" and 2.5 "Geology". Please take a look and let me know if you would like to have a conference call for the staff to further clarify these draft RAIs. Thanks. Christian Araguas US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of New Reactor Licensing AP1000 Projects Branch 1 Vogtle ESP Safety Project Manager 301-415-3637 (Work) 240-498-7614 (Cell)
Hearing Identifier: Vogtle_Non_Public Email Number: 2187 Mail Envelope Properties (46093966.HQGWDO01.TWGWPO04.200.2000007.1.72370.1) Subject: Draft RAIs on SSAR Sections 2.4 "Hydrology" and 2.5 "Geology" Creation Date: 3/5/2007 12:57:28 PM From: Christian Araguas Created By: CJA2@nrc.gov Recipients "Laurel Bauer" <LMB1@nrc.gov>,"Sarah Gonzalez" <SHG1@nrc.gov>,"Stephanie Coffin" <SMC1@nrc.gov>,"Thomas Cheng" <TMC@nrc.gov>,"Zahira Cruz-Perez" <zlc@nrc.gov>,"Clifford Munson" <CGM1@nrc.gov>,"Mark Notich" <mdn@nrc.gov>,"Yong Li" <YXL1@nrc.gov>,"Gerry Stirewalt" <GLS3@nrc.gov>,"Tomeka Terry" <TLT2@nrc.gov>,"Stephen Raul Monarque" <SRM2@nrc.gov>,"Weijun Wang" <WXW2@nrc.gov> <JTDAVIS@southernco.com> Post Office Route TWGWPO04.HQGWDO01 nrc.gov Files Size Date & Time MESSAGE 481 3/5/2007 12:57:28 PM Draft RAIs for Vogtle Section 3-15-07.pdf 52583 3/27/2007 3:33:58 PM Options Priority: Standard Reply Requested: No Return Notification: None None Concealed Subject: No Security: Standard
Dra
ft R
eque
sts
for A
dditi
onal
Info
rmat
ion
(RA
Is) f
or V
ogtle
ESP
SSA
R S
ectio
ns 2
.4 a
nd 2
.5
RA
IN
umbe
rR
evie
wer
Full
Text
2.4.
4-1
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/P
NN
L
Dur
ing
the
Janu
ary
site
saf
ety
audi
t (1/
10-1
1/20
07) t
he s
taff
requ
este
d an
d th
e ap
plic
ant p
rovi
ded
a na
rrat
ive
(AR
-07-
0302
,2/
13/2
007)
des
crib
ing
the
proc
ess
used
to c
ompu
te th
e m
axim
um s
tage
due
to a
cas
cade
failu
re o
f ups
tream
dam
s,in
clud
ing
the
sens
itivi
ty o
f the
initi
al w
ater
sur
face
ele
vatio
ns in
eac
h re
serv
oir,
and
show
ed h
ow th
e ca
lcul
atio
ns p
rovi
deth
e bo
undi
ng c
ase.
The
nar
rativ
e in
clud
ed a
sum
mar
y of
all
dam
bre
ach
anal
ysis
par
amet
ers.
Ple
ase
upda
te th
e S
SA
R to
inco
rpor
ate
the
info
rmat
ion
and
data
con
tain
ed in
the
narr
ativ
e.
2.4.
7-1
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
Ple
ase
revi
se th
e S
SA
R b
y in
clud
ing
a re
fere
nce
to E
R S
ectio
n 2.
3.2,
Tab
les
2.3.
2-12
and
2.3
.2-1
3 w
hich
repo
rt th
e ra
tes
of to
tal w
ell w
ater
dem
and,
pow
er p
lant
mak
eup
wat
er, a
nd s
ervi
ce w
ater
sys
tem
mak
eup
wat
er fo
r the
new
pla
nts.
In
the
text
of t
he S
SA
R p
rovi
de fu
rther
bre
akdo
wn
to c
oolin
g w
ater
, mak
e-up
wat
er, a
nd fi
re p
rote
ctio
n w
ater
requ
ired
by th
e ne
wpl
ants
2.4.
10-1
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
To c
larif
y th
e w
ay o
f det
erm
inin
g th
e in
tens
ity o
f sho
rt te
rm ra
infa
ll fo
r roo
f dra
inag
e, p
roba
ble
max
imum
win
ter p
reci
pita
tion
that
com
bine
s w
ith th
e sn
ow a
ccum
ulat
ion
for r
oof l
oadi
ng o
f all
safe
ty-r
elat
ed s
truct
ures
, the
SS
AR
is to
be
revi
sed
bypr
ovid
ing
a re
fere
nce
in S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
4.10
to S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
3.1.
3.4.
2.4.
12-1
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
a.D
iscu
ss th
e re
ason
s w
hy O
W-1
001
wel
l fai
led.
b.P
rovi
de a
n ex
plan
atio
n in
SS
AR
App
endi
x 2.
4A, (
e.g.
, pag
es 2
.4A
-6 a
nd -1
4), a
s w
ell a
s A
ppen
dix
2.5A
, (e.
g., T
able
2of
MA
CTE
C F
ield
Bor
ing
and
CP
T S
umm
ary)
, reg
ardi
ng th
e no
men
clat
ure
used
to d
enot
e an
aba
ndon
ed w
ell,
espe
cial
ly O
W-1
001A
whi
ch is
den
oted
aba
ndon
ed in
App
endi
x 2.
4A, a
nd O
W-1
001A
whi
ch is
app
aren
tly a
func
tioni
ngw
ell i
n A
ppen
dix
2.5A
c.B
ecau
se w
ell O
W-1
001A
dat
a ar
e no
t ind
icat
ive
of h
ydra
ulic
hea
d in
the
wat
er ta
ble
aqui
fer,
data
from
this
wel
l sho
uld
be re
mov
ed fr
om S
SA
R F
igur
es 2
.4.1
2-8
thro
ugh
-11
and
ER
Fig
ures
2.3
.1-1
7 th
roug
h -2
0, a
nd th
ese
cont
our p
lots
shou
ld b
e up
date
d.
2.4.
12-2
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
a.Fi
gure
2.4
.12-
4 in
dica
tes
that
wat
er ta
ble
aqui
fer r
ecov
ery
to a
n as
ympt
otic
val
ue fo
llow
ing
cess
atio
n of
dew
ater
ing
requ
ired
1.5
to 2
yea
rs.
How
ever
, the
re is
not
a re
cord
of t
he p
erio
d pr
eced
ing
the
dew
ater
ing
activ
ity in
the
figur
e.
Als
o Fi
gure
s 2.
4.12
-4, -
5 &
-6 s
how
that
the
grou
ndw
ater
leve
ls in
the
Wat
er T
able
Aqu
ifer v
ary
sign
ifica
ntly
from
yea
rto
yea
r or e
ven
from
sea
son
to s
easo
n fo
r som
e pe
riods
of t
ime
and
not f
or o
ther
s. T
hese
fact
s in
dica
te th
at th
e W
ater
Tabl
e A
quife
r is
able
to u
nder
go s
ubst
antia
l cha
nge
in w
ater
tabl
e el
evat
ion
(with
a c
orre
spon
ding
mov
emen
t of w
ater
)w
hile
not
und
ergo
ing
subs
tant
ial l
ocal
stre
ss (p
umpi
ng),
and
bein
g is
olat
ed fr
om th
e un
derly
ing
conf
ined
Ter
tiary
aqui
fer t
hat i
s st
ress
ed b
y U
nit 1
& 2
ope
ratio
ns.
It is
ess
entia
l tha
t the
und
erly
ing
conc
eptu
al m
odel
of t
he u
ncon
fined
aqui
fer a
nd k
ey p
aram
eter
s de
scrib
ing
the
aqui
fer b
e sh
own
to b
e in
agr
eem
ent w
ith th
is k
now
n sy
stem
beh
avio
r, (e
.g.,
that
the
hydr
aulic
con
duct
ivity
, sto
rativ
ity, p
oros
ity, e
tc.,
are
cons
iste
nt w
ith th
e ab
ility
of t
he u
ncon
fined
aqu
ifer t
ore
spon
d to
dew
ater
ing,
sev
ere
drou
ght,
and
the
retu
rn to
a n
orm
al p
reci
pita
tion
leve
l).
b.D
iscu
ss th
e re
ason
s w
hy th
e te
mpo
ral v
aria
bilit
y of
the
wat
er le
vels
in th
e W
ater
Tab
le A
quife
r dur
ing
the
perio
d fro
m20
05 to
200
6 (F
igur
e 2.
4.12
-6) w
ere
redu
ced
subs
tant
ially
com
pare
d to
thos
e be
fore
200
5 (F
igur
es 2
.4.1
2-4&
5).
2.4.
12-3
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
a.In
clud
e in
the
SS
AR
all
avai
labl
e in
form
atio
n an
d da
ta, a
nd u
pdat
e th
e co
ntou
r map
s de
pict
ing
the
(i) th
ickn
ess
of th
eU
tley
Lim
esto
ne la
yer,
and
the
(ii) t
op a
nd (i
ii) b
otto
m e
leva
tions
of t
he B
lue
Blu
ff m
embe
r of t
he L
isbo
n Fo
rmat
ion
inth
e E
SP
site
are
a. I
t is
desi
rabl
e to
dep
ict a
s m
uch
of th
e ar
ea a
s po
ssib
le in
the
vici
nity
of t
he E
SP
site
in th
e co
ntou
rm
ap(s
), (i.
e., i
nclu
de a
s m
uch
of th
e ar
ea fr
om th
e so
uthe
rn d
rain
ages
to T
elfa
ir P
ond,
the
north
ern
drai
nage
to M
alla
rdP
ond,
the
east
ern
drai
nage
to S
avan
nah
Riv
er).
b.In
con
junc
tion
with
the
abov
e in
form
atio
n, d
ata
and
plot
s, in
clud
e a
disc
ussi
on o
f the
con
tinui
ty o
f the
Utle
y Li
mes
tone
,th
e co
mpo
sitio
n an
d in
tegr
ity o
f the
Utle
y Li
mes
tone
rela
tive
to H
uddl
estu
n an
d S
umm
erou
r rep
ort (
1996
), an
d th
epr
esen
ce o
r abs
ence
of K
arst
cha
ract
eris
tics.
Inco
rpor
ate
the
disc
ussi
on in
to th
e su
bsur
face
con
cept
ual m
odel
.
2.4.
12-4
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
a.P
rovi
de a
nd in
corp
orat
e in
to th
e S
SA
R a
dis
cuss
ion
of th
e pr
oces
s us
ed to
dev
elop
the
site
hyd
rolo
gic
conc
eptu
alm
odel
. D
iscu
ss th
e va
rious
con
cept
ual m
odel
s co
nsid
ered
in d
evel
opin
g th
e fin
al c
once
ptua
l mod
el, a
nd h
ow y
our
mod
el c
ontra
sts
with
the
conc
eptu
al m
odel
s of
the
VE
GP
UFS
AR
, and
US
GS
stu
dies
(Cla
rk a
nd W
est 1
997;
Che
rry
2006
). D
escr
ibe
the
data
set
s an
d ra
tiona
le u
sed
to e
stab
lish
the
final
con
cept
ual m
odel
. Th
is d
iscu
ssio
n of
the
conc
eptu
al m
odel
sho
uld
cove
r the
con
tinui
ty o
r dis
cont
inui
ty o
f the
hyd
rolo
gic
units
, the
ir co
nnec
tivity
to th
e S
avan
nah
Riv
er a
nd o
ther
sur
face
wat
er fe
atur
es.
b.P
rovi
de a
nd in
corp
orat
e in
to th
e S
SA
R a
dis
cuss
ion
of th
e pr
oces
s us
ed to
est
ablis
h th
at th
e co
ncep
tual
mod
el fo
r the
trans
port
path
way
s an
d tra
vel t
imes
pre
sent
ed in
the
SS
AR
repr
esen
t the
mos
t con
serv
ativ
e (p
essi
mis
tic) p
athw
ay fr
omth
e va
rious
oth
er fe
asib
le a
ltern
ativ
e pa
thw
ays.
c.P
rovi
de a
nd in
corp
orat
e in
to th
e S
SA
R a
dis
cuss
ion
of th
e pr
oces
s us
ed to
con
serv
ativ
ely
boun
d th
e hy
drau
licpr
oper
ties
(gra
dien
t, hy
drau
lic c
ondu
ctiv
ity, p
oros
ity, e
tc.)
used
in s
afet
y re
late
d ca
lcul
atio
ns.
Pro
vide
a s
umm
ary
data
set u
tiliz
ing
data
from
the
ER
and
SS
AR
that
pre
sent
s th
e bo
undi
ng h
ydra
ulic
pro
perti
es o
f soi
l/sed
imen
t ove
rlyin
g th
eB
lue
Blu
ff M
arl o
f the
Lis
bon
Form
atio
n.
d.P
rovi
de a
nd in
corp
orat
e in
to th
e S
SA
R n
ew c
alcu
latio
ns o
f the
acc
iden
tal r
elea
se fr
om th
e ef
fluen
t hol
d-up
tank
that
utili
ze th
e ab
ove
desc
ribed
and
sup
porte
d co
ncep
tual
mod
el a
nd d
ata.
2.4.
13-1
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
For t
he n
ew p
lant
s, d
escr
ibe
brie
fly th
e fa
cilit
ies
and
prot
ocol
s to
pre
vent
acc
iden
tal r
elea
ses
from
radw
aste
tank
s, a
uxili
ary
build
ings
, and
pip
ing
syst
ems
to th
e su
rface
and
the
grou
nd w
ater
bod
ies.
Incl
ude
in th
is d
iscu
ssio
n a
desc
riptio
n re
gard
ing
how
was
te is
tran
sfer
red
to th
e ef
fluen
t hol
d-up
tank
iden
tifie
d in
the
safe
ty a
naly
sis.
Wha
t are
the
likel
y lo
catio
ns,
quan
titie
s (in
clud
ing
radi
onuc
lide
sepa
rate
d by
eac
h ty
pe) o
f acc
iden
tal l
iqui
d ra
diol
ogic
al re
leas
e. D
escr
ibe
why
the
boun
ding
failu
re o
ccur
red
in th
e A
uxili
ary
Bui
ldin
g, a
nd w
hy it
cou
ld n
ot o
ccur
in th
e R
adw
aste
Bui
ldin
g.
2.4.
13.2
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
Dis
cuss
the
proc
ess
used
to e
valu
ate
the
pote
ntia
l for
and
the
impa
ct o
f che
latio
n an
d co
mpl
exat
ion
agen
ts (e
.g. o
rgan
icac
ids)
to m
ix w
ith ra
diol
ogic
al li
quid
effl
uent
s ei
ther
with
in th
e fa
cilit
y or
alo
ng th
e tra
nspo
rt pa
thw
ay in
the
envi
ronm
ent
outs
ide
the
faci
lity.
In th
is d
iscu
ssio
n, m
ake
a cl
ear s
tate
men
t reg
ardi
ng w
heth
er o
r not
it is
pos
sibl
e fo
r any
che
latio
nag
ents
to b
e m
ixed
with
radi
olog
ical
liqu
id e
fflue
nts
with
in th
e E
SP
faci
lity.
2.4.
13-3
H. A
hn/
G. B
agch
i/ P
NN
L
The
SS
AR
sho
uld
incl
ude
a de
scrip
tion
of (1
) the
pro
cess
follo
wed
to a
rriv
e at
the
met
hod
used
to a
nd (2
) the
bas
is fo
r -bo
th th
e es
timat
e of
gro
undw
ater
out
flow
to M
alla
rd P
ond
from
the
acci
dent
al re
leas
e, a
nd th
e es
timat
e of
the
min
imum
disc
harg
e fro
m M
alla
rd P
ond.
The
typo
grap
hic
erro
r rep
ortin
g a
valu
e of
0.7
gpm
as
the
grou
ndw
ater
out
flow
to th
e po
ndfro
m th
e ac
cide
ntal
rele
ase
will
be
corr
ecte
d in
the
next
revi
sion
of t
he S
SA
R.
A re
dact
ed v
ersi
on o
f the
cal
cula
tion
pack
age
show
ing
all p
aram
eter
s, m
easu
rem
ents
, and
ass
umpt
ions
use
d in
the
calc
ulat
ion
of th
e 0.
07 g
pm ra
te w
ill b
epr
ovid
ed.
A re
dact
ed v
ersi
on o
f the
cal
cula
tion
pack
age
show
ing
all p
aram
eter
s, m
easu
rem
ents
, and
ass
umpt
ions
lead
ing
to th
e m
inim
um d
isch
arge
flow
rate
est
imat
e of
250
gpm
for M
alla
rd P
ond
will
be
prov
ided
. In
bot
h ca
ses,
the
reda
ctio
n w
illsi
mpl
y re
mov
e fin
al c
alcu
late
d va
lues
.
2.5.
1-1
G. S
tirew
alt
S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.3.
5 of
the
SS
AR
, und
er “Q
uate
rnar
y S
urfa
ces
and
Dep
osits
”, id
entif
ies
a se
ries
of fo
ur a
band
oned
fluv
ial
terr
ace
leve
ls (i
.e.,
Qty
, Qtb
, Qte
, and
Qto
from
you
nges
t to
olde
st) t
hat o
ccur
in th
e si
te a
rea
abov
e Q
uate
rnar
y al
luvi
um o
fth
e pr
esen
t-day
floo
d pl
ain
of th
e S
avan
nah
Riv
er (S
SA
R F
igur
e 2.
5.1-
29),
and
ackn
owle
dges
that
suc
h fe
atur
es id
eally
can
be u
sed
to e
valu
ate
Qua
tern
ary
defo
rmat
ion.
a.P
leas
e in
dica
te w
heth
er th
ese
terr
aces
are
regi
onal
in e
xten
t, or
whe
ther
they
onl
y oc
cur l
ocal
ly a
nd m
ainl
y in
the
vici
nity
of t
he P
en B
ranc
h Fa
ult.
b.P
leas
e pr
ovid
e in
form
atio
n on
pro
pose
d or
igin
of t
hese
fluv
ial t
erra
ces.
2.5.
1-2
G. S
tirew
alt
S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.3.
5 of
the
SS
AR
, und
er “Q
uate
rnar
y S
urfa
ces
and
Dep
osits
”, st
ates
that
terr
ace
Qtb
rang
es fr
om 8
-13
m(2
6-43
ft) a
bove
the
Sav
anna
h R
iver
sur
face
at t
he S
avan
nah
Riv
er S
ite, a
nd a
lso
indi
cate
s th
at te
rrac
e Q
te s
how
s a
rang
ein
sur
face
ele
vatio
n fro
m 1
7-25
m (5
6-82
ft) a
bove
the
Sav
anna
h R
iver
sur
face
. S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
2.4.
3 of
the
SS
AR
indi
cate
sa
dete
ctab
le re
solu
tion
limit
for o
bser
vabl
e de
form
atio
n of
terr
ace
Qte
of a
bout
3 ft
(pg
2.5.
1-79
), su
gges
ting
that
less
than
3 ft
of w
arpi
ng o
r tilt
ing
of th
is te
rrac
e su
rface
wou
ld n
ot b
e de
tect
ed.
a.P
leas
e pr
ovid
e in
form
atio
n to
add
ress
whe
ther
the
elev
atio
n ra
nges
not
ed a
bove
sug
gest
tilti
ng o
f ter
race
sur
face
s.
b.P
leas
e di
scus
s im
plic
atio
ns o
f a d
efor
mat
ion
dete
ctio
n lim
it of
abo
ut 3
ft (1
m) f
or th
ese
fluvi
al te
rrac
es.
2.5.
1-3
G. S
tirew
alt
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
3.5
of th
e S
SA
R d
escr
ibes
terr
ace
Qty
, pos
ition
ed b
etw
een
the
mod
ern-
day
flood
pla
in o
f the
Sav
anna
hR
iver
and
the
next
old
est o
verly
ing
terr
ace
(Qtb
) as
“min
or a
nd n
ot la
tera
lly c
ontin
uous
”. T
erra
ce Q
ty o
ccur
s al
ong
ast
retc
h of
the
Sav
anna
h R
iver
that
is re
lativ
ely
stra
ight
(SS
AR
Fig
ure
2.5.
1-29
) whe
re th
e riv
er is
inci
sed,
and
app
ears
tobe
mai
nly
loca
ted
sout
heas
t of t
he p
ostu
late
d su
rface
trac
e of
the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t. S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.3.
5 re
ports
that
terr
ace
Qtb
, im
med
iate
ly o
verly
ing
Qty
, is
abou
t 90,
000
year
s ol
d (P
leis
toce
ne) b
ased
on
corr
elat
ion,
rela
tive
posi
tion,
and
mor
phol
ogy.
Bro
oks
and
Sas
sam
an (1
990)
sug
gest
ed a
n ag
e of
4,0
00 y
ears
for t
he m
oder
n-da
y flo
od p
lain
. Th
isin
form
atio
n su
gges
ts th
at Q
ty, t
he lo
wes
t and
you
nges
t ter
race
, cou
ld b
e be
twee
n 4,
000
- 90,
000
year
s ol
d an
d th
eref
ore
poss
ibly
Hol
ocen
e in
age
.
Con
side
ring
orig
in, l
ocat
ion,
and
app
roxi
mat
e ag
e of
terr
ace
Qty
, ple
ase
disc
uss
the
impl
icat
ions
for p
ossi
ble
Qua
tern
ary
disp
lace
men
t on
the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t.
2.5.
1-4
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Fig
ure
2.5.
1-29
sho
ws
the
Sav
anna
h R
iver
to b
e re
lativ
ely
stra
ight
in th
e si
te a
rea
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f (i.e
., so
uthe
ast o
f)th
e pr
opos
ed s
urfa
ce tr
ace
of th
e P
en B
ranc
h Fa
ult.
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.2.
1 of
the
SS
AR
des
crib
es th
e S
avan
nah
as in
cise
d at
that
loca
tion.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
info
rmat
ion
to a
ddre
ss w
hy th
e S
avan
nah
Riv
er is
stra
ight
and
inci
sed
at a
pos
ition
that
app
ears
toco
rres
pond
with
the
loca
tion
of th
e P
en B
ranc
h Fa
ult “
bloc
k” o
n th
e so
uthe
aste
rn s
ide
of th
e fa
ult.
2.5.
1-5
G. S
tirew
alt/
US
GS
In S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.4.
3, ro
cks
of th
e A
ugus
ta a
nd M
odoc
faul
t zon
es a
re d
escr
ibed
as
cont
aini
ng b
oth
myl
oniti
c (i.
e., d
uctil
e)an
d br
ittle
def
orm
atio
n fa
bric
s. W
hile
the
myl
oniti
c fa
bric
is c
lear
ly o
f Alle
ghan
ian
age,
ther
e is
no
expl
anat
ion
of w
heth
erth
e br
ittle
fabr
ic is
the
resu
lt of
late
-sta
ge A
llegh
ania
n de
form
atio
n al
ong
thes
e zo
nes,
eith
er a
t sha
llow
er d
epth
s or
low
ersl
ip ra
tes;
cro
ss-c
uts
the
myl
oniti
c fa
bric
and
the
prod
uct o
f lat
er-s
tage
fold
ing
or u
nloa
ding
rath
er th
an fa
ult m
ovem
ent;
orth
e re
sult
of a
muc
h yo
unge
r, m
ore
rece
nt e
piso
de o
f fau
lt m
ovem
ent a
long
the
myl
oniti
c zo
nes.
For b
oth
faul
ts, p
leas
e pr
ovid
e in
form
atio
n on
cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
em
ylon
itic
and
britt
le fa
bric
s (in
clud
ing
text
ural
, pet
rolo
gic,
stru
ctur
al, a
nd o
rient
atio
n da
ta o
r oth
er e
vide
nce
that
may
cons
train
age
of t
he b
rittle
def
orm
atio
n) w
hich
dem
onst
rate
s th
at th
e br
ittle
fabr
ic li
kely
did
not
form
dur
ing
a po
st-
Alle
ghan
ian
defo
rmat
ion
even
t, e.
g., d
urin
g th
e Q
uate
rnar
y, o
r at l
east
dur
ing
the
pres
ent-d
ay s
tress
regi
me.
2.5.
1-6
G. S
tirew
alt
For f
aults
list
ed u
nder
“Oth
er P
aleo
zoic
Fau
lts” i
n S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.4.
3, th
e C
entra
l Pie
dmon
t Sut
ure
and
the
Eas
tern
Pie
dmon
t Fau
lt S
yste
m a
re n
ot s
how
n in
Fig
ure
2.5.
1-14
.
Ple
ase
corr
ect F
igur
e 2.
5.1-
14 to
incl
ude
thes
e tw
o fa
ults
sin
ce o
ther
s lis
ted
are
show
n th
erei
n.
2.5.
1-7
G. S
tirew
alt/
US
GS
In S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.4.
3, th
e G
renv
ille
Fron
t is
not d
escr
ibed
und
er “R
egio
nal G
eoph
ysic
al A
nom
alie
s an
d Li
neat
ions
”,al
thou
gh it
is li
sted
am
ong
the
feat
ures
occ
urrin
g w
ithin
200
mi o
f the
VE
GP
site
and
sho
wn
in S
SA
R F
igur
e 2.
5.1-
12.
Ple
ase
desc
ribe
this
regi
onal
feat
ure,
incl
udin
g w
heth
er o
r not
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
a po
tent
ial s
eism
ic s
ourc
e an
d th
e ba
sis
for t
he c
oncl
usio
n.
2.5.
1-8
G. S
tirew
alt/
US
GS
Of t
he s
ix re
gion
al g
eoph
ysic
al a
nom
alie
s an
d lin
eam
ents
list
ed in
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.3,
info
rmat
ion
is p
rese
nted
toex
plai
n w
hy o
nly
the
Eas
t Coa
st a
nd B
lake
Spu
r mag
netic
ano
mal
ies
are
not c
onsi
dere
d as
pot
entia
l sei
smic
sou
rces
. D
iscu
ssio
ns o
f the
New
Yor
k-A
laba
ma,
Clin
gman
, and
Oco
ee li
neam
ents
do
not i
ndic
ate
whe
ther
or n
ot th
ey c
ould
be
pote
ntia
l sei
smic
sou
rces
. A
lso,
loca
tions
of t
he C
lingm
an a
nd O
coee
Lin
eam
ents
and
the
Oco
ee B
lock
are
not
illu
stra
ted
in F
igur
e 2.
5.1-
12, a
nd
earth
quak
es in
terp
rete
d by
Whe
eler
(199
6) a
s oc
curr
ing
with
in th
e O
coee
blo
ck in
the
“mod
ern”
tect
onic
set
ting
wer
e no
tqu
antif
ied
in re
gard
to a
ge o
f fau
lting
with
whi
ch th
ese
earth
quak
es w
ere
asso
ciat
ed. (
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.6
incl
udes
adi
scus
sion
of t
he E
aste
rn T
enne
ssee
Sei
smic
Zon
e in
whi
ch s
eism
ic e
vent
s ar
e re
late
d to
the
Oco
ee b
lock
.)
a.P
leas
e co
rrec
t Fig
ure
2.5.
1-12
to in
clud
e th
e C
lingm
an a
nd O
coee
Lin
eam
ents
and
the
Oco
ee B
lock
.
b.P
leas
e in
dica
te a
ge o
f th
e ”m
oder
n” te
cton
ic s
ettin
g in
rega
rd to
whe
ther
faul
ts in
that
set
ting
are
pote
ntia
l sei
smic
ally
capa
ble
stru
ctur
es to
be
cons
ider
ed fo
r the
VE
GP
site
, and
exp
lain
whe
ther
or n
ot th
ese
thre
e lin
eam
ents
are
spec
ifica
lly c
onsi
dere
d to
be
pote
ntia
l sei
smic
sou
rces
and
the
basi
s fo
r the
con
clus
ion.
2.5.
1-9
US
GS
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.3,
S.C
. des
crib
es R
egio
nal M
esoz
oic
Tect
onic
Stru
ctur
es a
nd s
tate
s th
at n
orm
al fa
ults
whi
ch “b
ound
Tria
ssic
bas
ins
may
be
listri
c in
to th
e P
aleo
zoic
det
achm
ents
faul
ts (D
enni
s et
al.,
200
4) o
r may
pen
etra
te th
roug
h th
e cr
ust
as h
igh-
angl
e fa
ults
.” T
he d
istin
ctio
n be
twee
n th
ese
basi
n-bo
undi
ng fa
ults
bei
ng li
stric
or p
enet
ratin
g th
roug
h th
e cr
ust a
shi
gh-a
ngle
faul
ts is
cru
cial
to th
eir p
oten
tial f
or g
ener
atin
g la
rge-
mag
nitu
de e
arth
quak
es.
a.P
leas
e di
scus
s th
e ev
iden
ce re
late
d to
whe
ther
or n
ot th
ese
stru
ctur
es c
ould
ext
end
thro
ugh
the
crus
t to
dept
hs w
here
larg
e-m
agni
tude
ear
thqu
akes
com
mon
ly n
ucle
ate.
b.P
leas
e ex
plai
n ho
w th
e di
stin
ctio
n be
twee
n lis
tric
and
high
-ang
le fa
ult g
eom
etrie
s is
trea
ted
in th
e P
SH
A, a
nd e
xpla
inho
w th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
the
two
geom
etrie
s w
ould
affe
ct h
azar
d at
the
site
. A
ltern
ativ
ely,
cro
ss-r
efer
ence
an
SS
AR
sect
ion
that
pro
vide
s th
e ex
plan
atio
n.
2.5.
1-10
US
GS
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.3
disc
usse
s th
e B
elai
r Fau
lt an
d in
dica
tes
that
this
stru
ctur
e is
like
ly a
tear
faul
t or l
ater
al ra
mp
in th
eha
ngin
g w
all o
f the
Aug
usta
faul
t zon
e. A
ge c
onst
rain
ts o
n la
st m
ovem
ent o
f the
Bel
air F
ault
are
som
etim
e be
twee
n po
st-
late
Eoc
ene
and
pre-
26,0
00 y
ears
ago
(Pro
wel
l, 20
05).
Thu
s, th
e B
elai
r Fau
lt is
one
of t
he fe
w s
truct
ures
in th
e re
gion
with
inte
rpre
ted
evid
ence
of l
ate
Cen
ozoi
c m
ovem
ent (
SS
AR
Fig
ures
2.5
.1-3
and
2.5
.1-1
3).
If th
e B
elai
r is
a te
ar fa
ult o
r lat
eral
ram
p as
soci
ated
with
the
Aug
usta
faul
t zon
e, th
en m
ovem
ent o
n th
e B
elai
r may
be
rela
ted
to m
ovem
ent o
n th
e la
rger
,re
gion
al-s
cale
Aug
usta
faul
t.
Ple
ase
expl
ain
how
infe
renc
e of
pos
sibl
e C
enoz
oic
mov
emen
t on
the
Bel
air F
ault
and
its p
ossi
ble
asso
ciat
ion
with
the
Aug
usta
faul
t zon
e m
ight
affe
ct s
eism
ic h
azar
d at
the
Vog
tle s
ite.
2.5.
1-11
L. B
auer
Figu
re 2
.5.1
-19
of S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
1.4.
4 is
impo
rtant
for i
llust
ratin
g w
hat i
s kn
own
or in
ferr
ed a
bout
whi
ch li
quef
actio
nfe
atur
es m
ay b
e re
late
d to
the
1886
Cha
rlest
on e
arth
quak
e vs
oth
er p
ast e
arth
quak
e ev
ents
, and
for e
valu
atin
g pr
oxim
ityof
indi
vidu
al fe
atur
es to
pro
pose
d so
urce
s.
Ple
ase
deve
lop
a ne
w fi
gure
, or r
evis
e Fi
gure
2.5
.1-1
9, to
cle
arly
dis
tingu
ish
lique
fact
ion
feat
ures
rela
ted
to th
e 18
86C
harle
ston
ear
thqu
ake
vs o
ther
pas
t eve
nts
to e
nabl
e ev
alua
tion
of p
roxi
mity
of i
ndiv
idua
l fea
ture
s to
pro
pose
d so
urce
s.
2.5.
1-12
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.4
disc
usse
s C
harle
ston
Tec
toni
c Fe
atur
es a
nd c
ites
Figu
re 2
.5.1
-18.
The
isos
eism
al c
onto
ur li
nes
for t
he 1
886
Cha
rlest
on e
arth
quak
e in
this
figu
re a
re a
ttrib
uted
to B
ollin
ger (
1977
), bu
t thi
s re
fere
nce
is n
ot in
clud
ed in
the
list o
f ref
eren
ces
for S
ectio
n 2.
5.1.
Ple
ase
incl
ude
Bol
linge
r (19
77) i
n th
e lis
t of r
efer
ence
s ci
ted.
2.5.
1-13
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.4
desc
ribes
all
faul
ts th
at o
ccur
with
in th
e m
eizo
seis
mal
are
a fo
r the
188
6 C
harle
ston
ear
thqu
ake,
exce
pt th
e G
ants
and
Dra
yton
Fau
lts.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
a de
scrip
tion
of th
ese
two
faul
ts s
ince
they
are
sho
wn
in S
SA
R F
igur
es 2
.5.1
-19
and
2.5.
1-20
.
2.5.
1-14
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.5
disc
usse
s fa
ults
pos
tula
ted
for t
he S
RS
by
Cum
best
et a
l (19
98) w
hich
are
illu
stra
ted
in S
SA
RFi
gure
2.5
.1-2
2. D
ensi
ty o
f fau
lts s
how
n in
this
figu
re s
ugge
sts
ther
e m
ay b
e fa
ults
at t
he V
EG
P s
ite w
hich
hav
e no
t yet
been
iden
tifie
d.
Ple
ase
addr
ess
the
issu
e of
why
den
sity
of f
aults
on
the
east
ern
side
of t
he S
avan
nah
Riv
er a
roun
d th
e S
RS
is m
uch
grea
ter t
han
that
cur
rent
ly s
how
n fo
r the
VE
GP
site
on
the
wes
tern
sid
e of
the
river
, and
the
impl
icat
ion
for s
eism
ic h
azar
dat
the
ES
P s
ite.
2.5.
1-15
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.1.
4.5
on S
RS
Tec
toni
c Fe
atur
es d
oes
not s
umm
ariz
e pe
rtine
nt in
form
atio
n co
llect
ed fr
om th
e S
RS
that
was
use
d to
def
ine
faul
t tra
ces
at th
e S
RS
and
dra
w th
e co
nclu
sion
, pre
sent
ed in
SS
AR
Sec
tions
2.5
.1.2
.4 a
nd 2
.5.3
.1.3
,th
at n
o fa
ults
, in
parti
cula
r the
Pen
Bra
nch,
are
cap
able
feat
ures
at t
he V
EG
P s
ite.
a.P
leas
e pr
ovid
e a
conc
ise
sum
mar
y of
def
initi
ve d
ata
colle
cted
at t
he S
RS
, inc
ludi
ng d
irect
evi
denc
e fro
m b
orin
gs a
ndse
ism
ic p
rofil
es, w
hich
dem
onst
rate
that
the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t is
not a
cap
able
stru
ctur
e at
the
SR
S.
b.P
leas
e co
mpa
re d
ata
colle
cted
and
ana
lyse
s pe
rform
ed fo
r the
SR
S to
dem
onst
rate
mos
t rec
ent m
ovem
ent o
n th
e P
enB
ranc
h fa
ult w
ith d
ata
and
anal
yses
em
ploy
ed to
mak
e th
is d
eter
min
atio
n fo
r the
VE
GP
site
, lea
ding
to th
e co
nclu
sion
that
the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t is
not a
cap
able
stru
ctur
e at
the
VE
GP
site
.
2.5.
1-16
US
GS
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.2.
4 di
scus
ses
faul
ts in
the
site
are
a th
at in
volv
e de
form
atio
n of
bas
emen
t roc
ks.
The
Ste
el C
reek
faul
t is
not
cons
ider
ed to
be
a ca
pabl
e te
cton
ic s
ourc
e, b
ut th
is c
oncl
usio
n is
not
sub
stan
tiate
d.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
info
rmat
ion
and
refe
renc
es th
at s
uppo
rt th
e co
nclu
sion
that
the
Ste
el C
reek
Fau
lt is
not
a c
apab
le s
ourc
e.
2.5.
1-17
G. S
tirew
alt
In th
e br
ief h
isto
ry o
f the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t pre
sent
ed in
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.2.
4.1,
ther
e is
no
refe
renc
e to
the
sugg
estio
n of
Han
son
et a
l (19
93) t
hat p
ossi
ble
reju
vena
tion
of d
rain
age
alon
gtra
ces
of th
e P
en B
ranc
h an
d S
teel
Cre
ek F
aults
on
the
SR
S m
ay s
ugge
st e
ither
loca
l tec
toni
c up
lift a
long
thes
e fa
ults
or
non-
tect
onic
geo
logi
c or
geo
mor
phic
pro
cess
es.
Ple
ase
disc
uss
this
sug
gest
ion
of p
ossi
ble
disp
lace
men
t alo
ng th
e P
en B
ranc
h Fa
ult i
n re
latio
n to
pot
entia
l im
plic
atio
ns fo
rth
e V
EG
P s
ite.
2.5.
1-18
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
1.2.
4.2
stat
es th
at th
e P
en B
ranc
h Fa
ult a
t the
VE
GP
site
is m
ade
up o
f tw
o sp
ecifi
c fa
ult s
egm
ents
trend
ing
N45
E a
nd N
34E
with
a d
ip o
f 45S
E.
Cum
best
et a
l (20
00) r
epor
ted
a N
46-6
6E ra
nge
in s
trike
of t
he P
en B
ranc
hFa
ult a
t the
SR
S.
Ple
ase
disc
uss
whe
ther
or n
ot e
ither
faul
t seg
men
t at t
he V
EG
P s
ite is
favo
rabl
y or
ient
ed to
exp
erie
nce
slip
in re
spon
se to
the
exis
ting
regi
onal
stre
ss fi
eld
defin
ed b
y M
oos
and
Zoba
ch (2
001)
.
2.5.
2-1
S. G
onza
lez/
Y. L
iS
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
2.2.
4 de
scrib
es th
e up
date
d C
harle
ston
sei
smic
sou
rce
mod
el (U
CS
S).
Ple
ase
just
ify y
our r
atio
nale
for u
sing
the
SS
HA
C L
evel
2 m
etho
dolo
gy fo
r the
UC
SS
upd
ate.
In
addi
tion,
ple
ase
desc
ribe
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
SS
HA
C L
evel
2 m
etho
dolo
gy.
Spe
cific
ally
, how
wer
e th
e ex
pert’
s op
inio
ns in
tegr
ated
into
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
fina
lU
CS
S m
odel
, how
wer
e an
y co
nflic
ting
opin
ions
bet
wee
n th
e ex
perts
dea
lt w
ith, a
nd h
ow d
oes
the
final
sou
rce
mod
elre
pres
ent t
he in
form
ed c
onse
nsus
of t
he c
omm
unity
bey
ond
thos
e se
lect
ed fo
r the
UC
SS
upd
ate?
In a
dditi
on, p
leas
e pr
ovid
e a
com
paris
on o
f you
r SS
HA
C L
evel
2 U
CS
S u
pdat
e w
ith L
evel
3 a
nd 4
SS
HA
C u
pdat
es.
Wha
tad
ditio
nal b
enef
it w
ould
hav
e be
en g
aine
d by
Lev
el 3
or 4
upd
ates
?
2.5.
2-2
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tions
2.5
.1.1
.4.6
and
2.5
.2.2
.1 th
e ra
nge
of M
max
val
ues
deve
lope
d by
eac
h E
ST
are
give
n as
mb.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
a ta
ble
for c
onve
rting
val
ues
of m
b to
Mw b
y th
e eq
uatio
ns u
sed
for t
he S
SA
R.
2.5.
2-3
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
1 su
mm
ariz
es th
e E
PR
I sou
rce
zone
s th
at in
clud
e th
e si
te, a
nd th
e M
max
val
ues
and
wei
ghts
that
each
EP
RI E
arth
Sci
ence
Tea
m (E
ST)
ass
igne
d to
thes
e so
urce
zon
es.
Mm
ax v
alue
s of
the
zone
s ha
ve a
wei
ghte
d m
ean
ofab
out M
w 6
.0. M
max
val
ues
of M
w 7
.5 a
nd la
rger
wer
e as
sign
ed lo
w p
roba
bilit
ies
that
ave
rage
0.0
8. I
n co
ntra
st, t
he U
SG
Sna
tiona
l sei
smic
-haz
ard
map
s ut
ilize
an
Mm
ax th
at is
bas
ed o
n (1
) A.C
. Joh
nsto
n’s
(199
4, E
PR
I) su
rvey
of l
arge
ear
thqu
akes
wor
ldw
ide
in a
reas
that
are
tect
onic
ally
sim
ilar t
o th
e U
.S. e
ast o
f the
Roc
kies
,and
on
(2) L
. Kan
ter’s
(199
4, E
PR
I) fin
alas
sess
men
ts o
f the
tect
onic
set
ting
of e
ach
earth
quak
e. T
he 1
996,
200
2, a
nd 2
007
US
GS
nat
iona
l haz
ard
map
s us
e M
max
of M
w 7
.5 w
ith h
igh
wei
ghts
for t
he a
rea
that
incl
udes
the
site
.
a.P
leas
e ex
plai
n w
heth
er o
r not
the
John
ston
(199
4) fi
ndin
gs, t
he fi
nal v
ersi
ons
of th
e K
ante
r (19
94) a
sses
smen
ts, a
ndU
SG
S’s
use
of t
hem
as
supp
ort f
or h
igh
Mm
ax, c
onst
itute
new
info
rmat
ion
that
requ
ires
an u
pdat
e of
the
1989
EP
RI
PS
HA
, and
why
.
b.P
leas
e de
mon
stra
te th
e ef
fect
that
usi
ng a
n M
max
of M
w 7
.5 w
ould
hav
e on
the
haza
rd a
t the
Vog
tle s
ite.
2.5.
2-4
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.3
(pag
e 2.
5.2-
16) s
tate
s th
at th
e re
sults
of t
he L
awre
nce
Live
rmor
e N
atio
nal L
abor
ator
y Tr
ial
Impl
emen
tatio
n P
roje
ct (T
IP) s
tudy
are
not
exp
licitl
y in
clud
ed in
the
SS
AR
bec
ause
the
stud
y w
as a
s m
uch
“a te
st o
f the
met
hodo
logy
as
a re
al e
stim
ate
of s
eism
ic h
azar
d”.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
mor
e de
tail
expl
aini
ng w
hy th
e TI
P re
sults
wer
e no
tus
ed.
2.5.
2-5
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.4.
1 st
ates
that
the
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
1886
Cha
rlest
on e
arth
quak
e, a
nd th
e gr
eate
st d
ensi
ty o
fpr
ehis
toric
liqu
efac
tion
feat
ures
, tak
en to
geth
er “s
how
that
futu
re e
arth
quak
es h
avin
g m
agni
tude
s co
mpa
rabl
e to
the
Cha
rlest
on e
arth
quak
e of
188
6 m
ost l
ikel
y w
ill o
ccur
with
in th
e ar
ea d
efin
ed b
y G
eom
etry
A. A
wei
ght o
f 0.7
is a
ssig
ned
toG
eom
etry
A …
” (pa
ge 2
.5.2
-18)
. A
dditi
onal
ly, F
igur
e 2.
5.2-
9 in
dica
tes
no li
kelih
ood
that
an
1886
-siz
ed e
arth
quak
e ha
soc
curr
ed in
land
from
the
coas
tal r
egio
n, e
xcep
t alo
ng G
eom
etry
C, a
nd th
en o
nly
with
a p
roba
bilit
y of
0.1
.
a.P
leas
e su
mm
ariz
e th
e ag
e, li
quef
actio
n su
scep
tibili
ty, a
nd g
eogr
aphi
c di
strib
utio
n of
liqu
efia
ble
depo
sits
in th
e zo
ne 5
0-15
0 km
inla
nd fr
om th
e co
ast,
and
expl
ain
whe
ther
this
info
rmat
ion
supp
orts
a n
eglig
ible
pro
babi
lity
of la
rge
inla
ndea
rthqu
akes
.
b.P
leas
e re
conc
ile a
neg
ligib
le p
roba
bilit
y of
larg
e in
land
ear
thqu
akes
, as
indi
cate
d in
Fig
ure
2.5.
2-9,
with
the
disc
over
yof
pre
hist
oric
liqu
efac
tion
feat
ures
as
muc
h as
100
km
inla
nd in
fluv
ial d
epos
its o
f the
Edi
sto
Riv
er (O
berm
eier
, 199
6, in
McC
alpi
n, J
., ed
., “P
aleo
seis
mol
ogy”
, Fig
. 7.6
; sam
e fig
ure
is F
ig. 1
1 in
Eng
inee
ring
Geo
logy
, 199
6, v
. 44,
p. 1
-76)
.
2.5.
2-6
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.4.
3 su
gges
ts th
at th
e liq
uefa
ctio
n fe
atur
es a
ttrib
uted
to a
sin
gle
larg
e, p
rehi
stor
ic e
arth
quak
e m
ight
actu
ally
hav
e be
en p
rodu
ced
by s
ever
al m
oder
ate-
mag
nitu
de e
arth
quak
es th
at a
re c
lose
ly s
pace
d in
tim
e (p
age
2.5.
2-26
). P
leas
e de
term
ine
whe
ther
Tal
wan
i or O
berm
eier
hav
e da
ta o
n si
zes
of p
rehi
stor
ic li
quef
actio
n cr
ater
s, a
nd w
heth
er th
ese
or a
ny re
late
d da
ta m
ight
con
stra
in th
e po
ssib
le m
agni
tude
s of
the
preh
isto
ric e
arth
quak
es.
2.5.
2-7
L. B
auer
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.4.
3 st
ates
that
liqu
efac
tion
from
the
1886
Cha
rlest
on e
arth
quak
e is
pre
serv
ed in
geo
logi
c de
posi
tsat
num
erou
s lo
catio
ns a
nd th
at li
quef
actio
n de
posi
ts fr
om e
arlie
r ear
thqu
akes
are
pre
serv
ed in
the
regi
on. F
or e
ach
of th
epr
e-18
86 e
vent
s pl
ease
sum
mar
ize
the
num
ber o
f liq
uefa
ctio
n fe
atur
es a
nd s
ites
that
hav
e be
en d
ocum
ente
d, th
e ar
eal
exte
nt o
f liq
uefa
ctio
n, h
ow m
any
date
s ha
ve b
een
colle
cted
, and
how
wel
l the
feat
ures
cor
rela
te fr
om o
ne s
ite to
the
next
.
2.5.
2-8
L. B
auer
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.4.
3 st
ates
that
pal
eo-li
quef
actio
n E
vent
C is
def
ined
by
feat
ures
nor
th o
f Cha
rlest
on w
hile
Eve
nt D
is d
efin
ed b
y si
tes
sout
h of
Cha
rlest
on.
Eve
nts
C a
nd D
are
com
bine
d as
a s
ingl
e la
rge
even
t C’.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
any
info
rmat
ion
on li
quef
actio
n fe
atur
es, g
eogr
aphi
cally
loca
ted
betw
een
thes
e tw
o ar
ea, t
hat h
ave
sim
ilar r
adio
carb
on a
ges.
Pro
vide
just
ifica
tion
that
alth
ough
the
2-si
gma
calib
rate
d da
tes
over
lap,
ther
e is
eno
ugh
pale
oliq
uefa
ctio
n da
ta to
sup
port
asi
ngle
larg
e ev
ent C
’ for
m a
sin
gle
sour
ce, o
r if i
t is
mor
e lik
ely
to re
flect
sm
alle
r, m
oder
ate-
mag
nitu
de e
arth
quak
es c
lose
lysp
aced
in ti
me?
2.5.
2-9
S. G
onza
lez/
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.4.
3 de
scrib
es th
e ca
lcul
atio
n of
two
aver
age
recu
rren
ce in
terv
als
cove
ring
two
diffe
rent
tim
ein
terv
als,
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as tw
o re
curr
ence
bra
nche
s on
the
logi
c tre
e. P
leas
e ju
stify
in g
reat
er d
etai
l you
r rat
iona
le fo
r the
wei
ghtin
g of
the
two
recu
rren
ce b
ranc
hes
on th
e lo
gic
tree.
In a
dditi
on, p
leas
e di
scus
s th
e po
ssib
ility
of a
third
sce
nario
that
the
geol
ogic
reco
rd is
inco
mpl
ete
and
that
that
550
-yea
rre
curr
ence
inte
rval
for t
he p
ast 2
,000
yea
rs d
oes
appl
y to
the
entir
e 5,
000-
yr-lo
ng g
eolo
gic
reco
rd o
f pal
eoea
rthqu
akes
. In
this
sce
nario
, 10
larg
e-m
agni
tude
ear
thqu
akes
wou
ld h
ave
occu
rred
at a
ppro
xim
atel
y re
gula
r int
erva
ls d
urin
g th
e pa
st5,
000
year
s.P
leas
e al
so d
iscu
ss th
e po
tent
ial i
mpa
cts
of th
is s
cena
rio o
n th
e ha
zard
cal
cula
tion
for t
he V
ogtle
ES
P s
ite.
2.5.
2-10
C. M
unso
n/Y
. Li
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.4.
4 st
ates
that
"the
new
inte
rpre
tatio
n of
the
Cha
rlest
on s
ourc
e in
dica
tes
that
a s
ourc
e of
the
larg
eea
rthqu
akes
in th
e C
harle
ston
are
a ex
ists
with
wei
ght 1
.0...
" A
lthou
gh th
e U
CS
S u
pdat
e of
the
Cha
rlest
on s
ourc
e zo
neco
vers
a fa
irly
larg
e ar
ea, t
he w
eigh
ting
and
sour
ce g
eom
etrie
s gi
ve th
e la
rges
t haz
ard
only
insi
de Z
one
A (e
ither
0.9
(A, B
,B
') or
1.0
(A, B
, B',
C))
, whi
ch is
a re
lativ
ely
smal
l zon
e.In
vie
w o
f thi
s re
sult,
pro
vide
just
ifica
tion
for t
he U
CS
S s
ourc
ege
omet
ries
and
wei
ghtin
g sc
hem
e an
d de
fine
wha
t is
mea
nt b
y th
e "C
harle
ston
are
a".
2.5.
2-11
Y. L
iS
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
2.2.
4.1
stat
es th
at th
e w
idth
of G
eom
etry
B is
80
km.
How
ever
, SS
AR
Fig
ure
2.5.
2-9
show
s th
e w
idth
of G
eom
etry
B to
be
appr
oxim
atel
y 10
0 km
. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e th
e ac
tual
dim
ensi
ons
of G
eom
etry
B u
sed
for t
he u
pdat
edC
harle
ston
sei
smic
sou
rce
mod
el (U
CS
S).
2.5.
2-12
Y. L
iA
s st
ated
in S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
2.2.
4.1
the
offs
hore
Hel
ena
Ban
ks fa
ult z
one
was
det
ecte
d by
mul
tiple
sei
smic
refle
ctio
npr
ofile
s. P
leas
e ex
plai
n w
hy th
e tw
o se
ism
ic e
vent
s (m
b 3.
5 an
d 4.
4) in
200
2, w
hich
occ
urre
d in
the
vici
nity
of t
he H
elen
aB
ank
faul
t sys
tem
, can
not b
e po
sitiv
ely
corr
elat
ed w
ith th
e fa
ult z
one,
and
did
not
dem
onst
rate
rece
nt a
ctiv
ity fo
r the
faul
tzo
ne.
Can
the
seis
mic
ity s
ymbo
lize
the
reac
tivat
ion
of th
e H
elen
a B
ank
faul
t zon
e?
2.5.
2-13
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.5
disc
usse
s th
e E
aste
rn T
enne
ssee
Sei
smic
Zon
e (E
TSZ)
. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e, e
lect
roni
cally
, the
geog
raph
ic c
oord
inat
es d
efin
ing
the
geom
etry
of t
he E
aste
rn T
enne
ssee
Sei
smic
Zon
e (E
TSZ)
sei
smic
sou
rce
zone
s an
das
soci
ated
sei
smic
ity p
aram
eter
s (in
clud
ing
Mm
ax m
agni
tude
dis
tribu
tions
) for
eac
h E
PR
I-SO
G E
ST.
2.5.
2-14
S. G
onza
lez/
US
GS
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.5
disc
usse
s th
e E
aste
rn T
enne
ssee
Sei
smic
Zon
e (E
TSZ)
. P
leas
e ju
stify
in g
reat
er d
etai
l you
rra
tiona
le fo
r not
upd
atin
g th
e E
TSZ
as c
hara
cter
ized
by
the
EP
RI E
STs
. In
add
ition
, ple
ase
disc
uss
how
the
Mm
axm
agni
tude
dis
tribu
tions
dev
elop
ed b
y ea
ch E
ST
com
pare
with
mor
e re
cent
Mm
ax e
stim
ates
by
the
US
GS
haz
ard
mod
el(F
rank
el e
t al 2
002)
and
Bol
linge
r (19
92).
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.2.
2.5
stat
es th
at th
e E
TSZ
does
not
con
tribu
te s
igni
fican
tly to
the
haza
rd a
t the
VE
GP
site
. P
leas
eex
plai
n w
heth
er a
nd h
ow th
is w
ould
cha
nge
if th
e E
ST’
s so
urce
zon
es re
pres
entin
g th
e E
TSZ
wer
e as
sign
ed a
sin
gle
Mm
axof
Mw 7
.5.
2.5.
2-15
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.4.
2 de
scrib
es th
e ef
fect
s of
the
new
regi
onal
ear
thqu
ake
cata
log.
Fig
ure
2.5.
2-16
sho
ws
the
two
area
sus
ed to
exa
min
e th
e ef
fect
of t
he n
ew s
eism
icity
info
rmat
ion.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
a ju
stifi
catio
n fo
r the
geo
met
ries
of th
e tw
oar
eas.
2.5.
2-16
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1 de
scrib
es th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he s
ite a
mpl
ifica
tion
func
tions
and
the
soil
unifo
rm h
azar
d re
spon
sesp
ectra
(UH
RS
) for
the
10-4
and
10-5 h
azar
d le
vels
. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e a
deta
iled
step
-by
step
dis
cuss
ion
of th
e m
etho
dolo
gyus
ed to
dev
elop
the
site
am
plifi
catio
n fu
nctio
ns (i
.e. S
teps
1 to
6 in
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1.1)
and
the
10-4 a
nd 1
0-5 s
oil
UH
RS
. If
poss
ible
, ple
ase
illus
trate
eac
h st
ep w
ith re
leva
nt d
ata.
In a
dditi
on, p
leas
e di
scus
s th
e fo
llow
ing:
a.In
Ste
p 5
of S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
5.1.
1, w
hat d
oes
the
“env
elop
e m
otio
n” re
fer t
o?b.
In S
tep
6, p
leas
e ex
plai
n w
hy e
ither
the
high
- or l
ow-fr
eque
ncy
mea
n am
plifi
catio
n fa
ctor
was
use
d in
stea
d of
thei
ren
velo
pe?
c.S
tep
6 st
ates
that
“at s
ome
inte
rmed
iate
freq
uenc
ies
betw
een
2 an
d 8
Hz,
the
high
freq
uenc
y (H
F) a
nd lo
w fr
eque
ncy
(LF)
soi
l am
plifi
catio
n fa
ctor
s (A
F) a
re w
eigh
ted
in o
rder
to a
chie
ve a
sm
ooth
tran
sitio
n be
twee
n H
F an
d LF
spe
ctra
”. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e m
ore
info
rmat
ion
rega
rdin
g th
is w
eigh
ting
proc
edur
e.
2.5.
2-17
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1.3
desc
ribes
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f low
- and
hig
h- fr
eque
ncy
targ
et s
pect
ra u
sing
the
aver
age
of th
esi
ngle
and
dou
ble
corn
er s
ourc
e m
odel
s fro
m N
UR
EG
/CR
-672
8. P
leas
e ex
plai
n w
hy th
e 20
04 E
PR
I (E
PR
I 100
9684
200
4)gr
ound
mot
ion
mod
els
wer
e no
t use
d in
stea
d.
2.5.
2-18
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Tab
le 2
.5.2
-17
prov
ides
the
com
pute
d an
d re
com
men
ded
Mba
r and
Dba
r val
ues
used
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
high
- and
low
-freq
uenc
y ta
rget
resp
onse
spe
ctra
. P
leas
e ex
plai
n ho
w th
e “r
ecom
men
ded”
Dba
r and
Mba
r val
ues
wer
eca
lcul
ated
.
2.5.
2-19
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1.4
desc
ribes
the
spec
tral m
atch
ing
of th
e se
lect
ed s
eed
time
hist
orie
s to
the
targ
et re
spon
sesp
ectra
and
sta
tes
that
the
“spe
ctra
l mat
chin
g cr
iteria
giv
en in
NU
RE
G/C
R-6
728
(McG
uire
et a
l. 20
01) w
ere
used
to c
heck
the
aver
age
spec
trum
from
the
30 ti
me
hist
orie
s fo
r a g
iven
freq
uenc
y ra
nge
(hig
h- o
r low
- fre
quen
cy) a
nd a
nnua
lpr
obab
ility
leve
l. Th
is is
the
reco
mm
ende
d pr
oced
ure
in N
UR
EG
/CR
-672
8 (M
cGui
re e
t al.
2001
) whe
n m
ultip
le ti
me
hist
orie
s ar
e be
ing
gene
rate
d an
d us
ed.”
In a
dditi
on, S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
5.1.
5 st
ates
that
“Eac
h of
the
60 ra
ndom
ized
soi
lpr
ofile
s w
ere
paire
d w
ith 3
0 se
ed ti
me
hist
orie
s (e
ach
time
hist
ory
was
app
lied
to tw
o of
the
rand
omiz
ed s
oil p
rofil
es)”
.
Ple
ase
prov
ide
a ju
stifi
catio
n fo
r not
usi
ng th
e cr
iteria
pro
vide
d N
UR
EG
/CR
-672
8 to
che
ck e
ach
indi
vidu
al ti
me
hist
ory
agai
nst t
he ta
rget
spe
ctru
m.
2.5.
2-20
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1.5
desc
ribes
the
resu
lts o
f the
site
resp
onse
cal
cula
tions
for t
he E
SP
site
. P
leas
e di
scus
s th
ere
sults
of s
ite re
spon
se c
alcu
latio
ns in
term
s of
the
follo
win
g:
a.Th
e ef
fect
s of
the
six
alte
rnat
ive
site
resp
onse
pro
files
in te
rms
of th
e di
ffere
nt d
epth
s to
the
top
of th
e P
aleo
zoic
crys
talli
ne ro
cks.
b.Th
e po
ssib
le e
ffect
s of
the
Pen
Bra
nch
faul
t zon
e (i.
e. a
s a
low
vel
ocity
zon
e or
wea
k zo
ne).
c.Th
e ef
fect
s of
the
low
vel
ocity
zon
es w
ithin
the
Blu
e B
luff
Mar
l and
Low
er S
and
Stra
tum
.d.
The
obse
rved
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
the
SR
S a
nd E
PR
I she
ar m
odul
us re
duct
ion
and
dam
ping
cur
ves.
In a
dditi
on, p
leas
e ju
stify
the
adeq
uacy
of u
sing
an
equi
vale
nt-li
near
app
roac
h ra
ther
than
a n
onlin
ear a
ppro
ach
to m
odel
site
resp
onse
at t
he E
SP
site
.
2.5.
2-21
S. G
onza
lez
SS
AR
Sec
tions
2.5
.2.7
.1.1
to 2
.5.2
.7.1
.3 d
escr
ibe
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f ver
tical
-to-h
oriz
onta
l res
pons
e sp
ectra
l (V
/H) r
atio
sba
sed
on th
e re
sults
of N
UR
EG
/CR
-672
8 an
d Le
e (2
001)
.
a.P
leas
e ju
stify
you
r rat
iona
le fo
r ass
igni
ng th
e ap
prox
imat
e w
eigh
ts o
f 1:3
to th
e re
spec
tive
“nea
r” a
nd “f
ar” e
stim
ates
of
V/H
CEU
S,So
il.b.
Ple
ase
disc
uss
the
sim
ilarit
ies
and
diffe
renc
es b
etw
een
the
site
-spe
cific
soi
l pro
file
used
by
Lee
(200
1) a
nd th
e V
ogtle
ES
P s
ite re
spon
se p
rofil
e.c.
Ple
ase
just
ify in
gre
ater
det
ail y
our r
atio
nale
for t
he re
lativ
e w
eigh
ts a
ssig
ned
to th
e N
UR
EG
/CR
-672
8 an
d Le
e (2
001)
resu
lts a
nd th
e fin
al s
moo
thin
g.
In a
dditi
on, S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
7.1.
3 st
ates
that
“bot
h re
sults
giv
e m
inim
um V
/H v
alue
s, p
artic
ular
ly in
the
low
erfre
quen
cies
, whi
ch a
ppea
r low
er th
an e
ngin
eerin
g ju
dgm
ent m
ay s
ugge
st a
ccep
tabl
e in
the
curr
ent s
tate
-of-k
now
ledg
e”.
Ple
ase
expl
ain
the
mea
ning
of t
his
stat
emen
t in
mor
e de
tail
and
it’s
impl
icat
ion
for t
he fi
nal E
SP
site
V/H
ratio
s.
2.5.
3-1
G. S
tirew
alt
SS
AR
Sec
tions
2.5
.3.1
.2 a
nd 2
.5.3
.1.7
refe
r to
feat
ures
map
ped
by M
cDow
ell a
nd H
ouse
r (19
33) a
nd B
arth
olom
ew e
t al
(200
2), i
nclu
ding
“cla
stic
dik
es”,
that
thes
e au
thor
s in
terp
rete
d as
pos
sibl
y re
late
d to
tect
onis
m d
urin
g la
te E
ocen
e to
late
Mio
cene
. Th
ese
feat
ures
are
attr
ibut
ed to
a n
on-te
cton
ic o
rigin
in S
SA
R S
ectio
ns 2
.5.3
.1.2
, 2.5
.3.1
.7, a
nd 2
.5.3
.8.2
.2w
ithou
t any
dis
cuss
ion
of th
e fie
ld e
vide
nce
for t
his
conc
lusi
on.
Ple
ase
disc
uss
crite
ria u
sed
to d
eter
min
e th
at th
ese
feat
ures
are
non
-tect
onic
in o
rigin
and
rela
ted
to p
edog
enic
soi
l-fo
rmin
g pr
oces
ses,
incl
udin
g a
com
paris
on w
ith c
hara
cter
istic
s of
cla
stic
dik
es m
appe
d in
tren
ches
in th
e si
te a
rea
whi
char
e al
so d
escr
ibed
as
non-
tect
onic
feat
ures
in th
e S
SA
R.
2.5.
3-2
G. S
tirew
alt
& U
SG
SS
SA
R S
ectio
ns 2
.5.3
.8.2
.1 a
nd 2
.5.3
.8.2
.2 d
iscu
ss fe
atur
es in
terp
rete
d to
be
non-
tect
onic
in o
rigin
that
incl
ude
war
ped
bedd
ing,
frac
ture
s, s
mal
l-sca
le fa
ults
, inj
ecte
d sa
nd d
ikes
, and
cla
stic
dik
es.
War
ped
bedd
ing,
frac
ture
s, s
mal
l-sca
le fa
ults
,an
d in
ject
ed s
and
dike
s ar
e in
terp
rete
d to
indi
cate
loca
l dis
solu
tion
of th
e un
derly
ing
Utle
y Li
mes
tone
and
resu
ltant
pla
stic
and
britt
le c
olla
pse
of o
verly
ing
Terti
ary
sedi
men
ts w
hich
occ
urre
d m
ore
than
10,
000
year
s ag
o. N
o fo
rmat
ion
mec
hani
smis
des
crib
ed fo
r the
inje
cted
san
d di
kes.
The
cla
stic
dik
es a
re in
terp
rete
d to
resu
lt fro
m w
eath
erin
g an
d pe
doge
nic
soil-
form
ing
proc
esse
s th
at w
ere
enha
nced
alo
ng o
lder
frac
ture
s in
itial
ly p
rodu
ced
by d
isso
lutio
n of
the
unde
rlyin
g U
tley
Lim
esto
ne.
a.P
leas
e de
scrib
e w
here
thes
e no
n-te
cton
ic fe
atur
es a
re lo
cate
d re
lativ
e to
the
prop
osed
trac
e of
the
Pen
Bra
nch
Faul
t at
the
VE
GP
site
.
b.P
leas
e di
scus
s fie
ld d
ata,
obs
erva
tions
, and
reas
onin
g w
hich
resu
lted
in th
e co
nclu
sion
abo
ut a
dis
solu
tion
orig
in fo
rth
e w
arpe
d be
ddin
g, fr
actu
res,
sm
all-s
cale
faul
ts, a
nd in
ject
ed s
and
dike
s, in
clud
ing
a sp
ecifi
c ex
plan
atio
n of
the
form
atio
n m
echa
nism
for t
he in
ject
ed d
ikes
.
c.P
leas
e di
scus
s fie
ld d
ata,
obs
erva
tions
, and
reas
onin
g w
hich
resu
lted
in th
e co
nclu
sion
that
the
inje
cted
san
d an
dcl
astic
dik
es d
o no
t rep
rese
nt a
resp
onse
to Q
uate
rnar
y or
Hol
ocen
e ea
rthqu
akes
.
2.5.
4-1
T. C
heng
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.2.
2 st
ates
that
info
rmat
ion
has
been
take
n fro
m th
e 14
bor
ings
and
10
cone
pen
etro
met
er te
sts
(CP
Ts)
perfo
rmed
dur
ing
the
ES
P s
ubsu
rface
inve
stig
atio
n. H
owev
er, S
ectio
n 2.
2.1
of A
ppen
dix
2.5A
, “G
eote
chni
cal a
ndLa
bora
tory
Tes
ting
Dat
a R
epor
t,” to
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5
stat
es th
at tw
elve
bor
ings
, des
igna
ted
B-1
001
thro
ugh
B-1
011
and
B-1
013,
wer
e dr
illed
at t
he s
ite.
Ple
ase
clar
ify th
is in
cons
iste
ncy
and
also
des
crib
e ho
w th
e ot
her t
wo
borin
gs w
ere
take
n.
2.5.
4-2
T. C
heng
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.2.
1 st
ates
that
the
Upp
er S
and
Stra
tum
(Gro
up 1
soi
ls) w
ill b
e co
mpl
etel
y re
mov
ed a
nd re
plac
ed w
ithco
mpa
cted
stru
ctur
al fi
ll pr
ior t
o th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
VE
GP
Uni
ts 3
and
4.
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.5.
3 de
scrib
es th
e so
urce
san
d qu
ality
con
trol o
f the
stru
ctur
al fi
ll.
1.P
leas
e ex
plai
n w
heth
er th
e ex
cava
tion
and
back
fill w
ill c
over
onl
y th
e fo
ot-p
rint o
f the
pow
er b
lock
or e
xten
d to
certa
in d
ista
nce
from
the
foun
datio
n fo
otpr
int.
2.If
the
site
exc
avat
ions
will
not
ext
end
to s
igni
fican
t dis
tanc
es to
the
side
of t
he p
lant
, sho
uldn
’t th
e se
ism
ic h
azar
dca
lcul
atio
ns b
e al
so c
arrie
d to
the
free-
grou
nd s
urfa
ce in
clud
ing
the
Bar
nwel
l Gro
up in
the
base
-cas
e si
te s
oil
colu
mns
? W
hat i
s ba
sis
for t
his
colu
mn
anal
ysis
whi
ch p
resu
mes
that
the
fill e
xten
ds u
nifo
rmly
in a
ll ho
rizon
tal
dire
ctio
ns, w
hile
the
actu
al e
xcav
atio
n an
d ba
ckfil
l will
ext
end
only
in th
e im
med
iate
vic
inity
of t
he p
lant
? (P
age
2.5.
2-39
)
3.S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.4.
5.3
stat
es th
at b
ackf
ill w
ill b
e pl
aced
with
as
muc
h as
25%
fine
s. T
his
is s
igni
fican
tly h
ighe
rfin
es c
onte
nt th
an u
sed
for b
uild
ing
foun
datio
ns.
How
will
com
pact
ion
cont
rols
be
impl
emen
ted
for s
uch
mat
eria
ls?
2.5.
4-3
T. C
heng
Acc
ordi
ng to
Tab
le 2
of A
ppen
dix
A to
App
endi
x 2.
5A o
f the
SS
AR
, onl
y fo
ur b
orin
gs (B
-100
2, B
1003
, B10
04 a
nd B
-100
5)w
ent t
hrou
gh th
e B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl m
ater
ial (
Gro
up 2
Zon
e) a
nd re
ache
d th
e Lo
wer
san
d S
tratu
m (G
roup
3 Z
one
- coa
rse-
tofin
e sa
nd w
ith in
terb
edde
d th
in s
eam
s of
silt
and
/or c
lay)
. S
ince
the
top
laye
r of s
oil (
Gro
up 1
soi
l) w
ill b
e re
mov
ed a
ndba
ckfil
led
with
com
pact
ed s
truct
ural
fill
prio
r to
the
cons
truct
ion
of V
EG
P U
nits
3 a
nd 4
, onl
y th
e in
form
atio
n co
llect
ed fr
omth
ese
four
bor
ings
can
be
used
for t
he in
vest
igat
ion
of G
roup
2 a
nd G
roup
3 s
oil w
hich
are
sup
pose
d to
be
the
prim
ary
load
-bea
ring
com
pone
nt o
f saf
ety-
rela
ted
faci
litie
s. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e ju
stifi
catio
n fo
r the
follo
win
g:
a.W
ith th
e da
ta fr
om fo
ur b
orin
gs a
nd n
o si
gnifi
cant
sam
ples
take
n in
Gro
up 3
zon
e, w
hat i
s th
e ba
sis
for t
hede
velo
pmen
t of g
eote
chni
cal p
aram
eter
s of
Gro
ups
2 an
d 3
laye
rs?
b.S
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.2.
5.1.
2 in
dica
tes
that
bas
e ca
se s
oil v
eloc
ity p
rofil
es to
geth
er w
ith th
eir u
ncer
tain
ty w
ere
deve
lope
dfro
m th
e av
aila
ble
data
. If
only
12
borin
gs w
ere
take
n at
the
site
, and
mos
t of t
hese
bor
ings
did
not
ext
end
to d
epth
sbe
low
300
ft, h
ow w
ere
thes
e pa
ram
eter
s de
velo
ped?
c.A
re th
ere
any
indi
catio
ns o
f sof
t zon
es in
the
uppe
r soi
ls o
f the
pro
file
abov
e th
e bl
ue b
luff
mar
l whi
ch m
ay b
eco
llaps
ible
und
er a
sei
smic
eve
nt, a
s en
coun
tere
d at
the
Sav
anna
h si
te?
Eve
n th
ough
soi
ls u
nder
the
foun
datio
nfo
otpr
int a
re to
be
rem
oved
, how
far t
o th
e si
de o
f the
pla
nt d
oes
colla
psib
ility
bec
ome
unim
porta
nt?
d.S
oft s
oils
wer
e in
dica
ted
in th
e lo
wer
soi
ls b
elow
the
blue
blu
ff m
arl.
SP
T bl
ow c
ount
s fo
r the
low
er s
ands
in B
-100
2ar
e in
dica
ted
to b
e as
low
as
10 b
pf (P
age
“4 o
f 6" o
f Soi
l Tes
t Bor
ing
Rec
ord
of A
ppen
dix
A to
Mac
tec’
s re
port)
. P
leas
e ex
plai
n w
hat i
s th
e im
plic
atio
n of
suc
h lo
w v
alue
s ev
en th
ough
the
aver
age
blow
cou
nt th
roug
h th
is m
ater
ial i
sin
dica
ted
to b
e ab
out 6
0 bp
f?
2.5.
4-4
T. C
heng
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
2.5.
1.2
stat
es th
at th
e ba
ckfil
l she
ar w
ave
velo
citie
s w
ere
dete
rmin
ed fr
om m
easu
rem
ents
mad
e on
the
exis
ting
back
fill a
t the
site
und
er U
nits
1 a
nd 2
as
sum
mar
ized
in T
able
s 2.
5.4-
10 a
nd 2
.5.4
-11.
As
indi
cate
d in
thes
eta
bles
, the
she
ar v
eloc
ities
in th
e to
p la
yers
of b
ackf
ill a
re w
ell b
elow
1,0
00 fp
s. H
ow w
ere
shea
r wav
e ve
loci
ty v
alue
sge
nera
ted
at d
epth
s of
50
ft or
mor
e be
low
the
top
of th
e ba
ckfil
l? W
ere
effe
cts
of c
onfin
emen
t con
side
red?
2.5.
4-5
T. C
heng
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.7.
2.1
(Pag
e 2.
5.4-
27) i
ndic
ates
that
the
EP
RI 1
993
soil
degr
adat
ion
rela
tions
hips
wer
e us
ed to
per
form
SH
AK
E a
naly
ses
and
deriv
e th
e sh
ear m
odul
us re
duct
ion
fact
ors.
It i
s th
e st
aff’s
und
erst
andi
ng th
at th
e ap
prop
riate
ness
of
usin
g th
e E
PR
I 199
3 cu
rves
for f
ine-
grai
ned
soils
is n
ot o
bvio
us s
ince
they
wer
e ge
nera
lly d
evel
oped
for s
ands
and
but
not
fine
grai
ned
silts
or c
lays
. (T
he d
egra
datio
n m
odel
s at
the
Sav
anna
h R
iver
site
wer
e ge
nera
ted
from
labo
rato
ry te
stin
g of
in-s
itu s
oils
.) T
he s
taff
requ
ests
the
appl
ican
t to
expl
ain
wha
t wou
ld b
e th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
usi
ng s
uch
mod
els
for f
ine-
grai
ned
soils
on
the
com
pute
d re
sults
?
2.5.
4-6
T. C
heng
Reg
ardi
ng th
e gr
ound
wat
er c
ontro
l, S
SA
R S
ectio
ns 2
.5.4
.5 a
nd 2
.5.4
.6 s
tate
s th
at (1
) the
tota
l dep
th o
f con
stru
ctio
nex
cava
tion
to th
e B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl b
earin
g st
ratu
m w
ill ra
nge
from
app
roxi
mat
ely
80 to
90
ft be
low
gro
und
surfa
ce (S
SA
RS
ectio
n 2.
5.4.
5.1)
, (2)
the
grou
ndw
ater
gen
eral
ly o
ccur
s at
a d
epth
of a
bout
60
ft be
low
the
exis
ting
grou
nd s
urfa
ce (S
SA
RS
ectio
n 2.
5.4.
6.1)
, and
(3) d
ue to
the
rela
tivel
y im
perm
eabl
e na
ture
of t
he U
pper
San
d S
tratu
m, s
ump-
pum
ping
of d
itche
sw
ill b
e ad
equa
te to
dew
ater
the
soil.
Ple
ase
expl
ain
wha
t dew
ater
ing
proc
edur
es a
nd w
hat c
riter
ia w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
to“m
inim
ize
effe
cts
on th
e su
rrou
ndin
g ar
ea a
nd th
e ex
istin
g po
wer
blo
ck”?
(The
impa
ct o
f the
sim
ple
use
of s
umps
and
pum
ps o
n an
y ex
istin
g ar
ea o
f the
site
will
dep
end
on th
e ex
tent
of t
ime
durin
g w
hich
dra
wdo
wn
will
occ
ur.)
2.5.
4-7
T. C
heng
Upd
atin
g Q
uest
ion
to re
flect
ava
ilabl
e gu
idan
ce
2.5.
4-8
Z. C
ruz
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.2.
2.2
stat
es th
at 1
5 U
U te
sts
wer
e pe
rform
ed o
n B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl s
ampl
es a
nd th
at th
e m
easu
red
undr
aine
d sh
ear s
treng
th ra
nged
from
150
to 4
,300
psf
. B
oth
of th
ese
valu
es a
re s
igni
fican
tly lo
wer
than
the
10,0
00 p
sfde
sign
val
ue.
Ple
ase
just
ify th
e w
ide
rang
e of
val
ues
and
why
they
diff
er s
ubst
antia
lly fr
om th
e va
lues
mea
sure
dpr
evio
usly
for U
nits
1 a
nd 2
. In
add
ition
, ela
bora
te o
n ho
w th
e S
PT
N-v
alue
s m
easu
red
durin
g th
e E
SP
inve
stig
atio
nssu
ppor
t the
use
of t
he 1
0,00
0 ps
f des
ign
valu
e.
2.5.
4-9
Z. C
ruz
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.2.
2.2
stat
es, “
Pre
viou
s la
bora
tory
test
resu
lts in
dica
te th
e B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl t
o be
hig
hly
prec
onso
lidat
ed...
the
prec
onso
lidat
ion
pres
sure
of t
he B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl s
tratu
m w
as e
stim
ated
to b
e 80
,000
psf
. S
ettle
men
ts d
ue to
load
ings
from
new
stru
ctur
es w
ould
be
smal
l due
to th
is p
reco
nsol
idat
ion
pres
sure
.”
a) P
rovi
de a
des
crip
tion
of th
e “p
revi
ous”
labo
rato
ry te
stin
g m
etho
ds a
nd re
sults
.
b) J
ustif
y th
e as
sum
ptio
n of
an
undr
aine
d sh
ear s
treng
th o
f 16,
000
psf a
s U
U T
est r
esul
ts ra
nge
from
150
to 4
,300
psf
. W
ere
cons
olid
atio
n te
sts
perfo
rmed
to v
erify
this
ass
umpt
ion?
c) T
he p
reco
nsol
idat
ion
pres
sure
for t
he B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl i
s gi
ven
as 8
0,00
0 ps
f and
is b
ased
on
the
plas
ticity
inde
x va
lues
(whi
ch ra
nged
from
2 to
70
with
an
aver
age
valu
e of
25)
and
a P
I of 2
5, w
hich
resu
lts in
a s
u/p
(und
rain
ed s
hear
stre
ngth
/ef
fect
ive
prec
onso
lidat
ion
pres
sure
) rat
io o
f 0.2
. P
rovi
de a
com
plet
e de
scrip
tion
of th
e S
kem
pton
(195
7) m
etho
d us
ed to
dete
rmin
e th
e ra
tio o
f 0.2
. A
lso,
just
ify th
e us
e of
0.2
for t
he ra
tio in
vie
w o
f the
wid
e ra
nge
of P
I val
ues.
In
addi
tion,
just
ifyth
e es
timat
ed p
reco
nsol
idat
ion
pres
sure
for t
he B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl b
ased
on
the
wid
e ra
nge
of P
I val
ues.
d) J
ustif
y yo
ur c
oncl
usio
n, “s
ettle
men
ts d
ue to
load
ings
from
new
stru
ctur
es w
ould
be
smal
l due
to th
is p
reco
nsol
idat
ion
pres
sure
,” in
vie
w o
f set
tlem
ents
for t
he c
urre
nt U
nits
1 a
nd 2
and
als
o w
ith re
gard
to th
e su
/p ra
tio o
f 0.2
, whi
ch in
dica
tes
that
the
soil
is u
nder
con
solid
ated
(0.2
5 is
an
indi
catio
n of
nor
mal
ly c
onso
lidat
ed s
oil).
2.5.
4-10
Z. C
ruz
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.2.
5.2
cite
s B
owle
s (1
982)
as
the
refe
renc
e fo
r det
erm
inin
g th
e ef
fect
ive
angl
e of
inte
rnal
fric
tion
for s
iteso
ils.
It is
not
cle
ar h
ow th
e ef
fect
ive
angl
e of
inte
rnal
fric
tion
was
cal
cula
ted
usin
g th
is re
fere
nce.
Pro
vide
an
exam
ple
of a
calc
ulat
ion
and
just
ify th
e ac
cura
cy o
f the
resu
lts in
vie
w o
f the
rang
e of
N-v
alue
s.
2.5.
4-11
W. W
ang
Pro
vide
rela
tive
dens
ities
for e
ach
of th
e so
il un
its.
2.5.
4-12
W. W
ang
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4 st
ates
that
hig
h st
rain
ela
stic
mod
ulus
for U
pper
San
d an
d Lo
wer
San
d S
trata
wer
e de
rived
bas
ed o
nth
e D
avie
and
Lew
is (1
988)
rela
tions
hips
. Exp
lain
why
thes
e re
latio
nshi
ps a
re a
pplic
able
to th
e E
SP
soi
l stra
ta. W
hat i
s th
esc
ient
ific
cons
ensu
s on
Dav
ie a
nd L
ewis
’ rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n S
PT
valu
es a
nd e
last
ic m
odul
us a
s w
ell a
s th
e re
latio
nshi
pbe
twee
n un
drai
ned
shea
r stre
ngth
and
ela
stic
mod
ulus
? H
ow e
xten
sive
are
thes
e re
latio
nshi
ps u
sed?
2.5.
4-13
Z. C
ruz/
Y. L
iS
SA
R T
able
2.5
.4-1
pre
sent
s av
erag
e st
atic
eng
inee
ring
prop
ertie
s of
the
subs
urfa
ce m
ater
ial.
Exp
lain
how
the
valu
e fo
rth
e un
it w
eigh
ts fo
r the
diff
eren
t soi
ls w
ere
obta
ined
. B
ased
on
the
disc
ussi
on in
the
last
par
agra
ph o
n pa
ge 2
.5.4
-10,
the
aver
age
valu
es a
re h
ighe
r tha
n th
ose
liste
d in
the
tabl
e. A
lso,
exp
lain
why
the
plas
ticity
inde
x, li
quid
lim
it, a
nd p
last
ic li
mit
valu
es a
re d
iffer
ent f
rom
thos
e di
scus
sed
on p
age
2.5.
4-5
for t
he B
lue
Blu
ff M
arl.
2.5.
4-14
Z. C
ruz/
Y. L
iS
SA
R S
ectio
n 2.
5.4.
7 st
ates
that
: “Th
e E
PR
I cur
ves
wer
e ex
tend
ed b
eyon
d th
e 1
perc
ent s
train
val
ues
repo
rted
in E
PR
I(T
R-1
0229
3 19
93) t
o 3.
3 pe
rcen
t usi
ng v
alue
s pr
ovid
ed b
y S
ilva
(200
6).”
Pro
vide
Silv
a’s
valu
es, j
ustif
icat
ion
for u
se o
fth
ese
valu
es, a
nd a
det
aile
d de
scrip
tion
on h
ow th
e sh
ear m
odul
us a
nd d
ampi
ng c
urve
s w
ere
exte
nded
.
2.5.
4-15
Z. C
ruz/
Y. L
iS
ince
the
Blu
e B
luff
Mar
l has
a re
lativ
ely
high
var
iabl
e fin
es c
onte
nt (2
4-77
per
cent
) and
sat
urat
ion
leve
l (14
-67
perc
ent)
and
sinc
e th
ere
is a
lso
a po
tent
ially
hig
h gr
ound
mot
ion
leve
l at t
he s
ite, j
ustif
y w
hy li
quef
actio
n an
alys
es w
ere
not
perfo
rmed
.
2.5.
4-16
Z. C
ruz/
Y. L
iV
EG
P E
SP
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.10
.2 s
tate
s th
at: “
For t
he la
rge
mat
foun
datio
ns th
at s
uppo
rt th
e m
ajor
pow
er p
lant
stru
ctur
es, g
ener
al c
onsi
dera
tions
bas
ed o
n ge
otec
hnic
al e
xper
ienc
e in
dica
te th
at to
tal s
ettle
men
t sho
uld
be li
mite
d to
2in
., w
hile
diff
eren
tial s
ettle
men
t sho
uld
be li
mite
d to
¾ in
. (Pe
ck e
t al.
1974
). Fo
r foo
tings
that
sup
port
smal
ler p
lant
com
pone
nts,
the
tota
l set
tlem
ent s
houl
d be
lim
ited
to 1
in.,
whi
le th
e di
ffere
ntia
l set
tlem
ent s
houl
d be
lim
ited
to ½
in. (
Peck
et a
l. 19
74).”
a) P
rovi
de ju
stifi
catio
n fo
r ado
ptin
g th
e P
eck
et a
l. (1
974)
set
tlem
ent a
nd d
iffer
entia
l set
tlem
ent v
alue
s as
gui
delin
es.
b) W
hat a
re th
e m
ain
caus
es fo
r exc
eedi
ng th
ese
settl
emen
t val
ues
at th
e fo
unda
tion
leve
ls fo
r Uni
ts 1
and
2?
Wha
t kin
dof
mea
sure
s w
ill b
e ta
ken
to p
reve
nt s
ettle
men
ts a
nd d
iffer
entia
l set
tlem
ents
for t
he n
ew u
nits
?
c) J
ustif
y us
e of
an
aver
age
bear
ing
pres
sure
of 5
ksf
for t
he s
ettle
men
t ana
lyse
s of
com
pact
ed fi
lls.
2.5.
4-17
T. T
erry
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.10
pro
vide
s tw
o ge
nera
l sce
nario
s fo
r bea
ring
capa
city
and
set
tlem
ent a
naly
ses.
How
ever
, in
orde
r to
mee
t the
requ
irem
ents
of 1
0 C
FR, P
art 5
0 an
d 10
0 th
e st
abili
ty o
f all
plan
ned
safe
ty-r
elat
ed fa
cilit
ies
shou
ld b
e an
alyz
edin
clud
ing
bear
ing
capa
city
, reb
ound
, set
tlem
ent,
and
diffe
rent
ial s
ettle
men
ts u
nder
dea
dloa
ds o
f fill
s an
d pl
ant f
acili
ties,
as
wel
l as
late
ral l
oadi
ng c
ondi
tions
. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e ju
stifi
catio
n fo
r not
cov
erin
g th
e ab
ove
info
rmat
ion
for e
ach
plan
ned
safe
ty-r
elat
ed s
truct
ure
or in
dica
te th
at a
com
plet
e st
abili
ty a
naly
sis
will
be
prov
ided
at t
he C
OL
phas
e.
2.5.
4-18
Z. C
ruz
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.7
stat
es th
at E
PR
I Pro
cedu
re T
R-1
0229
3 w
as u
sed
to d
evel
op th
e sh
ear m
odul
us a
nd d
ampi
ngcu
rves
bas
ed o
n th
e si
te s
hear
wav
e ve
loci
ties
and
plas
ticity
inde
x va
lues
. P
leas
e pr
ovid
e a
com
plet
e de
scrip
tion,
incl
udin
g sa
mpl
e ca
lcul
atio
ns, t
o sh
ow h
ow th
e sh
ear m
odul
us a
nd d
ampi
ng c
urve
s w
ere
deve
lope
d an
d ho
w u
ncer
tain
ties
in th
e si
te p
aram
eter
s w
ere
inco
rpor
ated
into
thei
r dev
elop
men
t.
2.5.
4-19
T. T
erry
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.10
.1 p
rovi
des
a br
ief d
escr
iptio
n of
the
allo
wab
le b
earin
g ca
paci
ty v
alue
, whi
ch is
bas
ed o
n Te
rzag
hi’s
bear
ing
capa
city
equ
atio
ns m
odifi
ed b
y V
esic
(197
5).
Ple
ase
prov
ide
a m
ore
deta
iled
desc
riptio
n of
how
the
allo
wab
lebe
arin
g ca
paci
ty v
alue
was
obt
aine
d th
at in
clud
es th
e ac
tual
cal
cula
tions
.
2.5.
4-20
T. T
erry
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.11
doe
s no
t pro
vide
the
com
plet
e de
sign
crit
eria
or a
ctua
l des
ign
met
hods
that
will
be
empl
oyed
.P
leas
e in
dica
te w
heth
er th
ese
will
be
deve
lope
d du
ring
the
CO
L ph
ase.
In
addi
tion,
Sec
tion
2.5.
4.11
pro
vide
s tw
o fa
ctor
sof
saf
ety
for s
lope
sta
bilit
y w
ith re
fere
nces
to S
ectio
n 2.
5.5.
2. N
eith
er o
f the
se fa
ctor
s of
saf
ety
are
liste
d in
Sec
tion
2.5.
5.P
leas
e ex
plai
n th
eir o
mis
sion
.
2.5.
4-21
T. T
erry
SS
AR
Sec
tion
2.5.
4 do
es n
ot p
rovi
de th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
foun
datio
ns to
the
unde
rlyin
g m
ater
ials
in th
e fo
rm o
f plo
t pla
nsan
d pr
ofile
s. I
n ad
ditio
n, fo
unda
tion
stab
ility
with
resp
ect t
o gr
ound
wat
er c
ondi
tions
is n
ot d
escr
ibed
. A
lso
mis
sing
are
deta
iled
dew
ater
ing
plan
s. P
leas
e in
dica
te w
heth
er th
ese
will
be
deve
lope
d du
ring
the
CO
L ph
ase.
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