fresh from the boat: great duck island habitat monitoring robert szewczyk joe polastre alan...
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Fresh from the boat: Great Duck Island habitat monitoring
Robert Szewczyk
Joe Polastre
Alan Mainwaring
June 18, 2003
Outline
• Application overview
• System & node evolution
• Status & preliminary evaluations
• Conclusions
Great Duck Island Petrel monitoring
• Goal: build ecological models for breeding preferences of Leach’s Storm Petrel
– Burrow (nest) occupancy during incubation– Differences in the micro-climates of active
vs. inactive burrows – Environmental conditions during 7 month
breeding season
• Inconspicuous Operation– Reduce the “observer effect”
• Sensor Network– Lifetime, size, quantity requirements– Environmental conditions
• Data– As much as possible in the power budget
• Predictable operation– Confidence in collected readings
• Unattended, off-the-grid operation
System structure
Transit Network
Basestation
Gateway
Sensor Patch
Patch Network
Base-Remote Link
Data Service
Internet
Client Data Browsingand Processing
Sensor Node
System implementation
Mica2-EPRB#2
IBM laptop #1DB
Web power strip
Axis 2130 PTZ South
Wireless bridge
4-port VPN router and
16-port Ethernet switch
Power over LAN midspan DB
IBM laptop #2
Mica2-EPRB#2
WWW power strip
Southern WAP
Satellite router
Sensor Patch
916 MHz
Power over LAN Midspan
IR Burrow Camera #1
IR Burrow Camera #2
IR Burrow Camera #3
)IR Burrow Camera #4
IR Burrow Camera #5
IR Burrow Camera #6
IR Burrow Camera #7
IR Burrow Camera #8
Axis 2401 Video Server
12VDC, 0.9Anetwork
Burrow Camera Configuration
Northern WAPEthernet switchWireless bridge
12V PoLActive Splitter
110VAC service
Node architecture advances
• Problems observed in previous deployment– Size – motes were too large to fit in many burrows
– Packaging – did not provide adequate protection for electronics or proper conditions for sensors
– Reliability – last retreat talk; high rate of node loss, lack of scientifically meaningful environmental data
– Power consumption – boost converter a minimal return at a high price
• New generation of motes to address most of these concerns
– Platform based on mica2dot
– Primarily calibrated, digital sensors
– Multiple application-specific packaging, power, and sensing options
Miniature weather station
• Sensor suite– Sensirion humidity + temperature
sensor
– Intersema pressure + temperature sensor
– TAOS total solar radiation sensor
– Hamamatsu PAR sensor
– Radiation sensors measure both direct and diffuse radiation
• Power supply– SAFT LiS02 battery, ~1 Ah @
2.8V
• Packaging– HDPE tube with coated sensor
boards on both ends of the tube
– Additional PVC skirt to provide extra shade and protection against the rain
Burrow occupancy detector
• Sensor suite– Sensirion humidity +
temperature sensor
– Melexis passive IR sensor + conditioning circuitry
• Power supply– GreatBatch lithium thionyl
chloride 1 Ah battery
– Maxim 5V boost converter for Melexis circuitry
• Packaging– Sealed HDPE tube, emphasis
on small size
Software architecture advances
• Bi-directional communication with low-power listenting
– .1% duty cycle
• Parameter adjustment and query– Sample rate changes, sensor status queries
• Improved power management scheme– Fine granularity through StdControl interface
– 20 uA sleep mode
• Multihop deployment planned for July
• What it isn’t: GSK– Emphasis on simplicity and reliability, rather than generality
– Compatible with most GSK server-side interfaces
Application status
• Sensor network– 26 burrow motes deployed
– 12 weather station motes deployed (+2 for monitoring the insides of the base station case)
» Another 14 are awaiting deployment within days
• Redundant database setup online– 2 base stations logging packets to 2 database servers
– Replication to Berkeley
• Verification infrastructure– Overview cameras in place
– Burrow cameras temporarily offline, wireless bridge problem
– Video logging still needs to be synchronized with the mote data service
Burrow motes: deployment
5.6027 5.6028 5.6029 5.603 5.6031 5.6032 5.6033 5.6034
x 105
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882x 10
6
206
225
219230
208
229
201
213
228207
227
226
212212
220
202
203
222
221
217
209210
204
216
215214
Burrow mote locations
X coordinate (UTM)
Y c
oord
inat
e (U
TM
)
Repeater
Burrow motes: link performance
5.6027 5.6028 5.6029 5.603 5.6031 5.6032 5.6033 5.6034
x 105
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882x 10
6
34
41
5257
61
66
69
81
8585
85
85
8686
86
87
87
88
90
90
9496
96
96
9797
X coordinate (UTM)
Y c
oord
inat
e (U
TM
)
Percentage of packets received from burrow motes
Repeater
Burrow motes: sample data
06/15 06/16 06/16 06/17 06/17 06/18 06/180
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Temperature readings from burrow motes
Time
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)209210221202
Burrow motes: sample data
06/15 06/16 06/16 06/17 06/17 06/18 06/180
20
40
60
80
100
120Humidity readings from burrow motes
Time
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (
%)
209210221202
Burrow motes: sample data
06/15 06/16 06/16 06/17 06/17 06/18 06/18-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20Passive IR readings from burrow motes
Time
IR r
adia
tion
over
am
bien
t te
mpe
ratu
re209210221202
Weather stations: deployment
5.6027 5.6028 5.6029 5.603 5.6031 5.6032 5.6033 5.6034
x 105
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882x 10
6
X coordinate (UTM)
Y c
oord
inat
e (U
TM
)
Weather station locations
127
122
126
129
124121 128
125
123
108
102
101
103Repeater
Weather stations: link performance
5.6027 5.6028 5.6029 5.603 5.6031 5.6032 5.6033 5.6034
x 105
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8881
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882
4.8882x 10
6
X coordinate (UTM)
Y c
oord
inat
e (U
TM
)
Percentage of packets received from the weather station
91
87
90
90
87
86
74
82
90
88 46
91
37
Repeater
Weather stations: sample data
06/08 06/10 06/12 06/14 06/16 06/18 06/200
20
40
60
80
100
120Humidity readings from weather stations
Time
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (
%)
101102103105
Weather stations: sample data
06/08 06/10 06/12 06/14 06/16 06/18 06/200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Temperature readings from weather stations
Time
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)101102103105
Weather stations: sample data
06/08 06/10 06/12 06/14 06/16 06/18 06/200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
10 PAR readings from weather stations
Time
Pho
to d
iode
cur
rent
(uA
)101102103105
Weather stations: sample data
06/08 06/10 06/12 06/14 06/16 06/18 06/200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4Voltage readings from weather stations
Time
Vol
tage
(V
)101102103105
Packaging evaluation
• We observed what happens to motes when packaging fails– Battery venting, H2SO3 corroding the entire mote
– Need to assemble the package correctly – we failed to create proper indication os a good seal
– Majority of packages survived severe weather!
• Still awaiting evaluation whether the package creates an environment suitable for sensing
– Convective heating, etc.
Conclusions
• Next generation of environmental sensor networks
– Smaller, better, more robust
– Application specific sensor suites vs. kitchen sink
• Infrastructure matters– Redundancy at every level
– Remote administration and rebooting
– Data verification is key!
• More analysis to come– Biology studies based on the system
– Compare notes with James Reserve system
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