french & british in north america

FRENCH & BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA

American Pageant (Ch 6) ~ Melissa Carter

History of Wars King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War

British colonists and the coureurs de bois Indian allies Spain and France allies Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

Maps were redrawn France lost Acadia, Newfoundland and the

Hudson Bay Peace in the region led to “salutary

neglect” for the British colonists

Map of Colonial Holdings

History of Wars War of Jenkins’ Ear

British and Spanish In the Caribbean Sea and Georgia Result of Jenkins having his ear cut off for

attempting to smuggle goods in Spanish America (per Treaty)

Led to larger war- King George’s War (War of Austrian Succession)

France allied with Spain British navy won the war

Ohio ValleyAn area desired by both the British and the French

French built a series of forts to protect the valley from British encroachment

George Washington was sent to procure the land for Virginia

French Acadians

“That your Land & Tennements, Cattle of All Kinds and Livestocks of all Sorts are forfeited to the Crown with all other effects, Saving your Money and Household Goods, and you yourselves to be removed from this Province.

Thus it is Preremtorily his Majesty’s orders That the whole French Inhabitants of these Districts be Removed.” ~September 2, 1755

Acadians required to migrate to Louisiana.

Excerpt below given by John Winslow at the Grand-Pre Church, Nova Scotia

Albany Conference 1754 Intercolonial congress in Albany, NY Called together by London Invited the Iroquois Confederacy GOALS:

Attempt to appease local tribes and form an alliance Bribed them with tributes

Create greater sense of colonial unity

Albany Plan of UnionWoodcarving created by Benjamin Franklin

Summarized his idea for the Plan of Union and his thoughts regarding it’s necessity.

A plan to implement colonial rule.

The colonies would work together to solve problems.

Delegates agreed upon the Plan

Both London & the colonial governments denied the plan as either too restrictive or not restrictive enough

1st step toward unification of colonies

French and Indian War

Taking Sides The French VS. The British

There were Native American allies on BOTH sides

The F&I War in America….. The Seven Years War in Europe

Began in 1754 Ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris

General Braddock Attempt to capture Fort Duquesne Defeated by a group of Native Americans Lost his life during the battle IMPACT:

Opened the entire frontier to Indian attacks Colonists noticed British weaknesses

William Pitt Focused his efforts on Quebec and

Montreal Defeated Louisbourg (area of contention

for years) Battle of Quebec- most “significant

engagement in British and American history)

Defeated Montreal France was defeated Treaty of Paris- 1763

Treaty of Paris (1763) France lost colonial holdings in North

America France ceded (to Spain) New Orleans

and regions along the Mississippi River

Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for Cuba (Spain & France allies)

Treaty of Paris- Map

Relations b/w Brits & Colonists

Colonists were…

Uncivilized Little better than

savages Uneducated Unrefined

British soldiers were

Rude Crude Out of control Brutish Arrogant

What British Thought? What Colonists Thought?

Remarks made about the colonists and the Colonial Militia:

“in general the dirtiest, most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.”

“scum” who had fled to the “outhouses of civilization”

Continued disunity Why????

Distance Geographic boundaries and barriers Nationalities and variety of languages Different governments (colonial) Class struggles (have vs. have nots)

New hope for unity? Why?

Colonists met for the first time during the war

Most spoke a common language Shared a common dislike for British soldiers Appreciated the self-government they had

come to enjoy

Pontiac’s Uprising Chief Pontiac (1763) tried to push British

out of the Ohio Valley in a series of bloody battles

British used biological warfare to defeat them British forts distributed blanketsInfected with smallpox to the Indians Rebellion ended in 1769

Proclamation of 1763Royal proclamation drew a line down the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists could NOT settle to the West of the line. All land West of the line was reserved for Native Americans.

**An attempt to settle the Indian issue

**Resulted in angry colonists- many of whom disregarded the law.