for a named volcanic event, compare the primary and secondary impacts (6)

For a named volcanic event, compare the primary and secondary impacts (6)

Kobe, Japan 1995 and Port-au-Prince, Haiti 2010

Learning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Why is the ground shaking?Learning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Can you predict an earthquake? What have tectonic plates got to do with

earthquakes?

Epicentre

Focus

Plates try to move past each other building up pressure.

Fault Plates overcome friction and give

way, releasing energy.

Earthquake waves (seismic waves) travel in all

directions.

Shallow vs. deep and locationLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Where will the most severe damage be caused?

What does magnitude mean?Learning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

The power of an earthquake (how much the ground shakes) is its magnitude.

A Seismometer measures the earthquake using the Richter scale.

SeismometerLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

The Richter scaleLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Damage begins but deaths are

rare.

Lots of devastation and

deaths

Huge devastation

A magnitude 6.0 earthquake is 10 times more powerful than a magnitude 5.0 (logarithmic scale)

Earthquake quizLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

1. What is an earthquake?a) When a plate subducts below another;b) A plate that overlaps another;c) A sudden release of energy

2. How are earthquakes measured?a) Using a Seismometerb) Using a Thermometerc) Using a Hydroprop

3. An earthquake starts at the:a) Epicentreb) Focusc) Fault

Earthquake quizLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

4. How is the power of an earthquake measured?

a) By its magnitude

b) By the VEI scale

c) Using the Richter scale

5. A magnitude 7.0 earthquake releases the same energy as:

a) A rocket launch

b) A nuclear bomb

c) A volcano

Effects and management issues resulting from tectonic hazardsLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Earthquakes and volcanoes are good examples of tectonic hazards

Hazards pose a threat but not all are hazardous Depends on a number of factors a) The type of hazardb) The places vulnerability c) The ability or capacity to cope and recover from

the hazardous event If you don’t live near a volcano you are not likely

to be affected by lava flows But you could be affected by volcanic ash Capacity – absorb and recover from the natural

hazard Japanese increase their capacity to cope with

earthquakes, drills Compared to a slum in the developing world

Kobe, 1995 and Haiti, 2010Learning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Examine the primary and secondary effects of both earthquakes:

Highlight the effects on people and property

Explain why although the magnitude was similar the earthquakes had very different causes and effects.

Exam questionLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Using an example(s) describe the effects of earthquakes on people and property

(4)

AnswerLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Homework – The formation of a tsunamiLearning outcomes:

MUST: describe the causes of contrasting earthquake hazards, including shallow vs. deep and magnitude.

SHOULD: investigate the primary and secondary impacts of the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

COULD: examine the different impacts on property and people during the Kobe, 1995 and Port-au-Prince 2010 earthquakes

Using a diagram explain and number the stages in the formation of a tsunami