foam. homefoam n solution of air, water, foam concentrate, and mechanical agitation used to form a...

FoamFoam

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FoamFoam

Solution of air, water, foam Solution of air, water, foam concentrate, and mechanical concentrate, and mechanical agitation used to form a floating agitation used to form a floating ‘blanket’ on flammable and ‘blanket’ on flammable and combustible liquids. It prevents or combustible liquids. It prevents or extinguishes a fire by excluding air extinguishes a fire by excluding air and cooling fuel. Foam also aids in and cooling fuel. Foam also aids in preventing reignition by suppressing preventing reignition by suppressing flammable vapors.flammable vapors.

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TerminologyTerminology

Foam concentrate - from factoryFoam concentrate - from factory

Foam solution - water + concentrateFoam solution - water + concentrate

Finished foam solution - Finished foam solution - water + concentrate + mechanical water + concentrate + mechanical agitationagitation

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Foam TetrahedronFoam Tetrahedron

ConcentrateConcentrate WaterWater AirAir Aeration Aeration

(mechanical (mechanical agitation)agitation)

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Types of FoamTypes of Foam

ProteinProtein FluoroproteinFluoroprotein Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam

(FFFP)(FFFP) Aqeous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)Aqeous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Alcohol Resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF)Alcohol Resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF)

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ProteinProtein

Originated in WWIIOriginated in WWII Derived from natural Derived from natural

sourcessources 3% or 6%3% or 6% Excellent water Excellent water

retentionretention High heat resistanceHigh heat resistance 35 to 120 degrees F35 to 120 degrees F Hydrocarbons onlyHydrocarbons only 10 year shelf life10 year shelf life

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FluoroproteinFluoroprotein

Fluorochemical Fluorochemical surfactants added to reg. surfactants added to reg. Protein foamProtein foam

Can be used for Can be used for Subsurface InjectionSubsurface Injection

Not affected by thawing Not affected by thawing or freezingor freezing

3%-6%3%-6% 35-12035-120 10 year shelf life10 year shelf life

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Film Forming Fluoroprotein Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)Foam (FFFP)

3%-6%3%-6% 35 - 120 degrees F35 - 120 degrees F Can be stored Can be stored

premixed in premixed in apparatusapparatus

Not affected by Not affected by thawing or freezingthawing or freezing

Can be used with Can be used with fresh or salt waterfresh or salt water

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Aqueous Film Forming Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)Foam (AFFF)

Most used Most used All syntheticAll synthetic 1% - 3% - 6%1% - 3% - 6% Can be used with salt Can be used with salt

or fresh wateror fresh water Can be premixed in Can be premixed in

apparatus water tanksapparatus water tanks 25 - 120 degrees F25 - 120 degrees F Good low temperature Good low temperature

viscosityviscosity

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Aqueous Film Forming Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) cont.Foam (AFFF) cont.

Suitable for Suitable for subsurface injectionsubsurface injection

Can be used as Class Can be used as Class A foam if neededA foam if needed

Effective only on Effective only on hydrocarbonshydrocarbons

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Alcohol Resistant AFFFAlcohol Resistant AFFF

Same charcteristics Same charcteristics as AFFF but can also as AFFF but can also be used on polar be used on polar solvents!solvents!

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Expansion RatiosExpansion Ratios

Low Expansion – up to 20:1 (we use Low Expansion – up to 20:1 (we use 10:1)10:1)

Medium Expansion – 20-200:1 (Haz-Mat Medium Expansion – 20-200:1 (Haz-Mat vapor mitigation)vapor mitigation)

High Expansion – 200-1000:1 (Confined High Expansion – 200-1000:1 (Confined Space)Space)

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Types of Fuels Types of Fuels

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons Polar SolventsPolar Solvents

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HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Products of crude Products of crude oiloil

Do not mix with Do not mix with waterwater

Gasoline, Diesel, Gasoline, Diesel, JP8, Kerosene, JP8, Kerosene, Asphalt, Motor oils, Asphalt, Motor oils, Vegetable oil, and Vegetable oil, and Animal FatAnimal Fat

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Polar SolventsPolar Solvents

Products of Products of distillationdistillation

Easily mix with Easily mix with waterwater

Ketones, Esters, Ketones, Esters, Alcohol, Amine, Alcohol, Amine, MTBEMTBE

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Foam EquipmentFoam Equipment

Eductors Eductors HLP-9 (in-line) HLP-9 (in-line) PC-30APC-30A

Foam nozzles Foam nozzles JS-10 JS-10 PC-31 PC-31 PC-50 PC-50 PC-100 PC-100 Task Force Tip Foam Task Force Tip Foam Adapter Adapter

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HLP-9HLP-9

In-line eductorIn-line eductor Works off of venturi Works off of venturi

effecteffect Large amount of Large amount of

friction lossfriction loss No more than 6 feet No more than 6 feet

between eductor and between eductor and concentrate surfaceconcentrate surface

Pump at 200 psiPump at 200 psi

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HLP-9HLP-9

No more than 200 No more than 200 feet between feet between eductor and eductor and nozzlenozzle

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PC-30APC-30A

Utilized for Sub-Utilized for Sub-Surface InjectionSurface Injection

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JS-10JS-10

1-1/2” nozzle1-1/2” nozzle 100 gpm at 100 100 gpm at 100

psipsi

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PC-31PC-31

2-1/2” nozzle2-1/2” nozzle 310 gpm at 100 310 gpm at 100

psipsi

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PC-50PC-50

This nozzle under This nozzle under ideal conditions is ideal conditions is capable of delivering capable of delivering 500 gallons of 500 gallons of finished foam finished foam solution per minutesolution per minute

It has a reach of 170 It has a reach of 170 feet at 150 PSIfeet at 150 PSI

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PC-100PC-100

Capable of Capable of delivering 1000 delivering 1000 gallons per minute gallons per minute of finished foam of finished foam solution under solution under ideal conditionsideal conditions

Has a reach of 190 Has a reach of 190 feet at 150 PSIfeet at 150 PSI

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Task Force Tip - Foam Task Force Tip - Foam AdapterAdapter

Purpose is to Purpose is to provide additional provide additional foam as a master foam as a master streamstream

Can be used on Can be used on ground monitors ground monitors or elevated or elevated master streams master streams (ladder trucks)(ladder trucks)

TacticsTactics

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Establish an Excellent Water Establish an Excellent Water Supply!Supply!

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SolutionSolution

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Size upSize up

How large is the spill\How large is the spill\fire?fire?

What resources are What resources are needed?needed?

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Approach SceneApproach Scene

If possible If possible approach from approach from upwindupwind

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Application TechniquesApplication Techniques

Bounce offBounce off

Bank inBank in

Rain downRain down

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blanketblanket

Minimum 4” Minimum 4” blanketblanket

If you must walk If you must walk through blanket through blanket do not pick feet do not pick feet upup!!

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Chesapeake’s First Foam Chesapeake’s First Foam UnitUnit

Property of ShellProperty of Shell Utilized a dry powder Utilized a dry powder

hopper which worked hopper which worked off of a venturi effectoff of a venturi effect

Carried A & B foamCarried A & B foam

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Foam 35Foam 35

Donated by the Donated by the Department of Civil Department of Civil Defense.Defense.

It carried an It carried an extinguishing agent extinguishing agent called “Purple K” which called “Purple K” which is located in the center is located in the center dome shaped dome shaped container.container.

It also carried the A & B It also carried the A & B type foam powder.type foam powder.

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Engine 6Engine 6

Chesapeake Fire Chesapeake Fire Department’s Department’s third foam unitthird foam unit

Manufactured in Manufactured in house by CFD house by CFD PersonnelPersonnel

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Foam 12Foam 12

Foam 12 - 1978 Pem-Foam 12 - 1978 Pem-Fab / National FoamFab / National Foam

Designed with a balanced Designed with a balanced pressure systempressure system

1000 GPM pump1000 GPM pump

275 gal. Water tank275 gal. Water tank

128 GPM Foam pump 128 GPM Foam pump with 550 gallons of with 550 gallons of Universal GoldUniversal Gold

Currently assigned in the Currently assigned in the Western Branch areaWestern Branch area

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Engine 1Engine 1

1993 Pierce / National 1993 Pierce / National Foam UnitFoam Unit

Has a balanced Has a balanced pressure systempressure system

2000 GPM water 2000 GPM water pump with 500 pump with 500 gallons watergallons water

250 GPM foam pump 250 GPM foam pump with 500 gallons with 500 gallons Universal GoldUniversal Gold

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Foam 1Foam 1

1973 Chevrolet1973 Chevrolet

Carries 1400 Carries 1400 gallons of XL-3 gallons of XL-3 type foamtype foam

Also carries a Also carries a limited supply of limited supply of foam appliancesfoam appliances

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Chesapeake’s FoamChesapeake’s Foam

Universal Gold 3% Universal Gold 3% AR-AFFFAR-AFFF

XL-3 XL-3 FluoroproteinFluoroprotein

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Engine CompanyEngine Company

15 gal. Universal Gold 15 gal. Universal Gold 3%3%

HLP9 in-line eductorHLP9 in-line eductor JS-10 foam nozzleJS-10 foam nozzle