flammable/combustible storage - impacts of the energy policy act

2011 NREP/OIP Annual Conference

October 2011

David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP

Tighe & Bond413.572.3211 (office)413.250.2487 (cell)Twitter @dphorowitzdphorowitz@tighebond.com

Tighe & Bond – A 2011 Best Firm!

Flammable/Combustible Storage – Impact of the Energy Policy Act

International Symbol for ‘Choke’

Here’s My Favorite Team

Agenda - Storage Tank Flow Chart

Storage Tank Flow Chart

Aboveground Storage Tanks - Oil

■ SPCC (Federal - Only for oil)– 40 CFR 112

■ AST Requirements– NFPA 30 & 31 (National Code –

most states)

■ Oil-filled electrical equipment

■ Most states require registration (local)

■ Many states require tightness testing

Applicable Code - NFPA

■ “… reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training and education”

■ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)– NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Code– NFPA 30A: Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and

Repair Garages– NFPA 31: Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment

Applicable Code - UL

■ … an independent, not-for-profit product-safety testing and certification organization.

■ Underwriters Laboratory Inc. (UL)– UL 80: Standard for Steel Tanks for Oil-Burner

Fuel– UL 142: Standard for Steel Aboveground

Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids– UL 2085: Standard for Protected

Aboveground Tanks fro Flammable and Combustible Liquids

– UL 1316: Standard for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products

Flammable/Combustible

Agency/Organization

Flash Point

(To be considered Flammable)

OSHA/NFPA ≤ 100°F

EPA ≤ 140°F

(Ignitability)

DOT < 141°F

Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Planning Requirements

Aboveground Oil Storage

SPCC Regulations 101

■ Oil Storage

■ 1,320 Gallons (above ground)

■ SPCC Plan

■ 2002 Regulatory Changes

■ Subsequent Regulatory Changes

Integrity Testing – Industry Standards

■ API 653 – Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction

■ API 575 – Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Tanks

■ API 570 – Piping Inspection Code■ ASME B31.3 – Process Piping■ ASME 31.4 – Liquid Transportation Systems for

Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols

■ STI SP001 – Standard for the Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks

■ UL 142 – Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Integrity Testing – Steel Tank Institute

SP001

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 2011

5th EDITION

Applicable federal, state ……

■ 40 CFR 112 – SPCC■ 40 CFR 261 – Hazardous Waste■ 40 CFR 279 – Used Oil■ 40 CFR 280 - USTs■ 40 CFR 372 - EPCRA■ NFPA 30/30A – Flammable & Combustible Liquids■ NFPA 31 – Oil-Burning Equipment■ UL 80■ UL 142 ■ UL 2085■ UL 1316 – Tank Construction■ State■ Local

SP001 – AST Categories

SP001 – Inspection Schedule

STI Inspection Results

ASTs

Normal Venting

Emergency Venting

Spill Containers

Overfill Prevention

Interstice

Compliance Issues

Why?

Why?

Ultra-Sonic Thickness Testing

Ideal Installation – Single Wall Tank

Ideal Installation – Double Wall Tank

Ideal Installation – Generator Tank

Observation Results

■ 200+ Tanks observed for tank integrity

■ One* with >75% wall thickness losses– Compared to existing

standards

■ Some with evident corrosion– Interior of double wall– External

FIN

DIN

GS

Observation Results

■ Most with regulatory, code compliance, operational issues– Vent heights & vent

configuration/operation– No overfill protection/Level detection

devices– Not UL 142 standard construction– No spill prevention devices– Improper protection from vehicular

impact

■ Consistent with Florida Leak Autopsy Study (FLAS)– Mott-Smith Consulting Group

FIN

DIN

GS

Storage Tank Flow Chart

Underground Storage Tanks - Oil

■ UST Requirements (Federal)– 40 CFR 280 (UST Regulations)– 40 CFR 281 & 282 (State Approval)

■ UST Requirements (States)– Often cite NFPA 30 & 31

■ Most states require registration (local)

■ Many states require tightness testing

Question?

■ What is the minimum tank volume for applicability under 40 CFR 280?

■ 110 Gallons– 40 CFR 280.10(b)(4)

Energy Policy Act of 2005

■ Underground Storage Tank Compliance Act of 2005

■ Reduce releases to environment

■ Focus on preventing releases

■ Expanded Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund

■ Inspections, operator training, delivery prohibition, secondary containment and financial responsibility

The Big Picture

■ 611,500 USTs

■ 223,000 sites

■ 2/3 of active USTs are compliant

■ UST releases declining

The Big Picture

Underground Storage Tank Systems

Inspection Overview

■ Facility Records

■ Spill Protection

■ Overfill Prevention

■ Tank Leak Detection

■ Piping Leak Detection

■ Corrosion Protection

Records Review

■ Pre-Inspection– Federal

» Financial Assurance– State

» Environmental Registry– Local

» Fire Department Permits» Registration

– Facility» Inventory Monitoring» Release Prevention

■ Inspection– Verify record documents

match registries

Financial Assurance

■ Use state financial assurance funds

■ Obtain insurance coverage■ Obtain a guarantee■ Obtain a surety bond■ Obtain a letter of credit■ Pass a financial test■ Set up a trust fund

■ Local, State & Feds = OK!

Spill Buckets

■ Below Grade Spill Buckets– Sits under access hand hole, not exposed to elements, plows

Overfill Prevention

Automatic Shut Off

Ball Float Vent

High Level Alarm

Tank Leak Detection

■ Interstitial Monitoring

■ Automatic Tank Gauging– Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection System (CLSD)

■ Manual Tank Gauging– ≤2,000 gallons

■ Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR)– Vendor or approved in-house data analysis – 2 year tightness testing interval

■ Soil Vapor Monitoring– Site assessment

■ Groundwater Monitoring– Site assessment

Piping Leak Detection

■ Interstitial Monitoring

■ Automatic Line Leak Detectors (ALLD)

■ European Suction– Check valve immediately

beneath pump/dispenser

■ American Suction– Check valve at UST

■ Tightness Testing– 3 year interval

Corrosion Protection

■ Galvanic Protection– STI-P3– 3 Year NACE Inspection

» -0.850 Volt, soil to tank potential

■ Impressed Current– 60 day Operator Inspection– Annual NACE Inspection

■ Non-Metal Construction– Clad Steel Tanks– FRP

Inspection Shortfalls

■ Shear Valves

■ Vapor Recovery

■ Regulatory Confusion

Water in the Sump?

Typical Deficiencies – 175+ USTs Observed (No Retail)

Deficiency % Identified

Maintenance 91%

Financial Assurance 84%

Sump Monitoring 66%

Registration 61%

Overfill Prevention 38%

Cathodic Protection 18%

Double Wall Piping Issues 12%

Shear Valve 11%

‘Extra’ Vents 6%

Operator Training - FUTURE

■ Required by August 8, 2012– Three classes of operator

■ Owner/Operator Inspections– Monthly– Semi-annual– Annual

Thank You!

■ David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP

DPHorowitz@tighebond.com

@dphorowitz