fish id project coach arringtons
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Fish ID project
By Nick Bak
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 1
Common Name: Grey Reef Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Carcharhinus
Species: amblyrhynchos
Geography / Habitat: Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. shallow water – near reefs and
drop-offs
Life Strategy: babies internally fertilized, nourished while inside, but left alone once born.
social and schooling in daytime; active at night
Food / Feed Strategy: small bony reef fishes, squid, octopi, crabs, lobsters, shrimp
Common Name: Grey Reef Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 2
Common Name: Bull Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Carcharhinus
Species: leucas
Geography / Habitat: Murky, shallow (< 30 meters) tropical waters worldwide
Life Strategy: viviparous, live birth. 8-10 years maturation
Food / Feed Strategy: very opportunistic carnivore. eats anything it can catch
Common Name: Bull Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus leucas
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 3
Common Name: Blacktip Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus limbatus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Carcharhinus
Species: limbatus
Geography / Habitat: tropical temperate in- or off-shore, near continental shelves or river mouths.
all tropical or subtropical continental waters
Life Strategy: viviparous, 1-10 per litter, raised in nursery/pupping grounds
Food / Feed Strategy: primarily piscivorous; herring, anchovies, sardines, sea catfish. prone to
feeding frenzies
Common Name: Blacktip Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharhinus limbatus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 4
Common Name: Tiger Shark
Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Galeocerdo
Species: cuvier
Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, seasonal migration to warmer
waters.
Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 9 months in female, then fully independent at birth. solitary and
nomadic
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous scavenger, turtles, birds, reptiles, mammals, besides fish
Common Name: Tiger Shark
Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 5
Common Name: Blue Shark
Scientific Name: Prionace glauca
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Prionace
Species: glauca
Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, clear, blue, deep waters
Life Strategy: solitary and sluggish. complex migrations. one of the most prolific sharks; up to 135
pups in a litter
Food / Feed Strategy: feed mostly on schooling fishes (anchovies, sardines, herrings) but will attack
anything
Common Name: Blue Shark
Scientific Name: Prionace glauca
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 6
Common Name: Whitetip Reef Shark
Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Triaenodon
Species: obesus
Geography / Habitat: coral reefs in tropical coastal waters, Indian and Pacific Oceans,
Life Strategy: enjoys caves, can sit still and pump water over gills. docile. females followed by up to
100 males, raise litter of young
Food / Feed Strategy: feed at night, very aggressive. bottom feeder, several bony fishes and some
crustaceans, mollusks, etc.
Common Name: Whitetip Reef Shark
Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 7
Common Name: Swell Shark
Scientific Name: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Scyliorhinidae Genus: Cephaloscyllium
Species: ventriosum
Geography / Habitat: Eastern Pacific Ocean, mostly shallow-water, inshore sometimes, rocky,
algae-covered kelp beds
Life Strategy: anchors egg cases on rocky bottom. little known of parental care. solitary,
occasionally small groups. active at night, dormant during daytime
Food / Feed Strategy: catches inactive bony fishes at night. eats bony fishes and crustaceans.
Common Name: Swell Shark
Scientific Name: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 8
Common Name: Chain Catshark
Scientific Name: Scyliorhinus retifer
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Scyliorhinidae Genus: Scyliorhinus
Species: retifer
Geography / Habitat: western Central Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Carribean. rough, rocky bottom,
outer Continental Shelf
Life Strategy: Oviparous; no parental care beyond gestation. not very active animals.
Food / Feed Strategy: squid, fish, annelids, and crustaceans
Common Name: Chain Catshark
Scientific Name: Scyliorhinus retifer
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 9
Common Name: Great Hammerhead Shark
Scientific Name: Sphyrna mokarran
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Sphyrnidae Genus: Sphyrna
Species: mokarran
Geography / Habitat: tropical ocean waters worldwide, near shore or open sea
Life Strategy: viviparous; 20-30 pups born in summer. solitary hunters, dangerous
Food / Feed Strategy: rays, small sharks, and bony fishes
Common Name: Great Hammerhead shark
Scientific Name: Sphyrna mokarran
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 10
Common Name: Bonnethead Shark
Scientific Name: Sphyrna tiburo
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Sphyrnidae Genus: Sphyrna
Species: tiburo
Geography / Habitat: Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, S. California. inshore waters, temperate
Life Strategy: migrates south for winter. packs of hundreds or even thousands, or only 15 or so.
viviparous; young fend for selves
Food / Feed Strategy: crustaceans (blue crabs), shrimps, mollusks, small fishes
Common Name: Bonnethead shark
Scientific Name: Sphyrna tiburo
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 11
Common Name: Horn Shark
Scientific Name: Heterodontus francisci
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes
Family: Heterodontidae Genus: Heterodontus
Species: francisci
Geography / Habitat: kelp beds and caves, 8-12 meters deep, subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean
Life Strategy: very sluggish and inactive. spawn in Dec.-Jan., lay eggs on rocks, 6-9 months hatch
Food / Feed Strategy: small fishes and invertebrates
Common Name: Horn shark
Scientific Name: Heterodontus francisci
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 12
Common Name: Port Jackson Shark
Scientific Name: Heterodontus portusjacksoni
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes
Family: Heterodontidae Genus: Heterodontus
Species: portusjacksoni
Geography / Habitat: tropical waters, bottom of rocky environements, Australian Coast
Life Strategy: segregate into same-sex groups, only meet up for breeding
Food / Feed Strategy: primarily invertebrates (starfish, sea urchins, gastropods) also small fishes
Common Name: Port Jackson Shark
Scientific Name: Heterodontus portusjacksoni
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 13
Common Name: Frilled Shark
Scientific Name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Hexanchiformes
Family: Chlamydoselachidae Genus: Chlamydoselachus
Species: anguineus
Geography / Habitat: worldwide, on continental shelves, 100-1,300 meters. ocean floor
Life Strategy: ovoviparous, internal fertilization, no parental investment in young. very slow,
solitary
Food / Feed Strategy: small deep-water fishes and squid
Common Name: Frilled Shark
Scientific Name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus
Body Form or Style: anguilliform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 14
Common Name: Bluntnose Sixgill Shark
Scientific Name: Hexanchus griseus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Hexanchiformes
Family: Hexanchidae Genus: Hexanchus
Species: griseus
Geography / Habitat: near rocky reefs or soft bottoms, near bottom. deeper than 100 meters. All
oceans globally
Life Strategy: Ovoviparous development. Large litters (20-100 per), high infant mortality. solitary
fish
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, rays, sharks, fishes
Common Name: Bluntnosed Sixgill Shark
Scientific Name: Hexanchus griseus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 15
Common Name: Sevengill Shark
Scientific Name: Notorynchus cepedianus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Hexanchiformes
Family: Hexanchidae Genus: Notorynchus
Species: cepedianus
Geography / Habitat: All oceans except Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Prefer bottom of
Continental Shelves. Depth based on size
Life Strategy: Ovoviparous. No post-birth care, young nurtured internally.
Food / Feed Strategy: sharks, rays, chimeras, dolphins, also fish like salmon, sturgeon, herring
Common Name: Sevengill Shark
Scientific Name: Notorynchus cepedianus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 16
Common Name: Thresher Shark
Scientific Name: Alopias vulpinus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Alopiidae Genus: Alopias
Species: vulpinus
Geography / Habitat: worldwide warm/temperate waters. pelagic, sometimes wanders inshore
Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, 4-6 pups per litter
Food / Feed Strategy: small schooling fish – stuns with tail blows
Common Name: Threser Shark
Scientific Name: Alopias vulpinus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 17
Common Name: Basking Shark
Scientific Name: Cetorhinus maximus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Cetorhinidae Genus: Cetorhinus
Species: maximus
Geography / Habitat: North and South Atlantic and Pacific, surface waters in open sea
Life Strategy: migratory species. ovoviparous, no parental raising of young. move inland for
breeding
Food / Feed Strategy: opens mouth wide while swimming, gillrakers skim plankton
Common Name: Basking Shark
Scientific Name: Cetorhinus maximus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 18
Common Name: Great White Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Lamnidae Genus: Carcharodon
Species: carcharias
Geography / Habitat: all cold temperate and tropical coastal waters, coastal and offshore, surface to
1,800 meters
Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, solitary or small groups
Food / Feed Strategy: swims vertically into prey, slams, then bites to kill. seals, sealions, dolphins,
whale carcasses
Common Name: Great White Shark
Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 19
Common Name: Megamouth Shark
Scientific Name: Megachasma pelagios
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Megachasmidae Genus: Megachasma
Species: pelagios
Geography / Habitat: deep water off Australia, Japan, Hawaii, California
Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, ovoviparous.
Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeds off plankton with large, adapted mouth
Common Name: Megamouth Shark
Scientific Name: Megachasma pelagios
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 20
Common Name: Goblin Shark
Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Megachasmidae Genus: Megachasma
Species: pelagios
Geography / Habitat: mid- and deep-water regions, continental shelves, mainly Japan, also S.
Africa, E. Atlantic, Indian
Life Strategy: Probably Ovoviparous with no parental care. Little known about breeding.
Food / Feed Strategy: feeds near bottoms, uses sensors to detect vertically migrating animals. eats
squid, fish, crabs
Common Name: Goblin Shark
Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 21
Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark
Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Pseudocarchariidae Genus: Megachasma
Species: pelagios
Geography / Habitat: Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, shallow waters, rocky or coral reefs
Life Strategy: well-developed when born, fend for selves, ovoviparous, 2:1 male to female ratio.
travel in groups up to 20
Food / Feed Strategy: hunt co-operatively, eats bony fish, rays, lobsters, crabs, squid. Prone to
feeding frenzies
Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark
Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 22
Common Name: Crocodile Shark
Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes
Family: Pseudocarchariidae Genus: Pseudocarcharias
Species: kamoharai
Geography / Habitat: all tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. mostly pelagic, sometimes
inshore
Life Strategy: aplacental viviparity (yolk sac), 4 pups per litter, mini adults, swim and feed by selves
Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous: small fish, squid, shrimp
Common Name: Crocodile Shark
Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 23
Common Name: Nurse Shark
Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes
Family: Ginglymostomatidae Genus: Ginglymostoma
Species: cirratum
Geography / Habitat: Eastern and western Atlantic, East Pacific to Indian, sandy beaches, mud and
sand flats, coral reefs
Life Strategy: Oviparous or ovoviviparous, 20-30 pups at a time
Food / Feed Strategy: large variety; small fishes, shrimp, mollusks, crustaceans
Common Name: Nurse Shark
Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 24
Common Name: Spotted Wobbegong
Scientific Name: Orectolobus maculatus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes
Family: Orectolobidae Genus: Orectolobus
Species: maculatus
Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dwellers around Australian coast
Life Strategy: Ovoviviparous; all parental investment from female before birth. Young eaten if don‟t
leave immediately. Very sluggish, nocturnal.
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, primarily bottom-dwelling invertebrates
Common Name: Spotted Wobbegong
Scientific Name: Orectolobus maculatus
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 25
Common Name: Whale Shark
Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes
Family: Rhincodontidae Genus: Rhincodon
Species: typus
Geography / Habitat: All warm-water and temperate seas worldwide. deep underwater
Life Strategy: solitary and mild-mannered. Little known about reproduction. Thought to be
viviparous, but under debate
Food / Feed Strategy: planktonic and nektonic organisms; krill, herring, anchovies, squid
Common Name: Whale Shark
Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 26
Common Name: Zebra Sharks
Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes
Family: Rhincodontidae Genus: Stegostoma
Species: fasciatum
Geography / Habitat: Australian coastal waters, warm-water reefs, 60m deep. bottom-dweller
Life Strategy: very large eggs (oviparous) otherwise no parental investment in young. can pump
water over gills while holding still
Food / Feed Strategy: gastropod and bivalve mollusks, crabs, shrimp, small fish.
Common Name: Zebra Shark
Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 27
Common Name: Longnose Sawshark
Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Pristiophoriformes
Family: Pristiophoridae Genus: Stegostoma
Species: fasciatum
Geography / Habitat: Open sea and coastal regions, S. Australia Continental shelf, depth >40m
Life Strategy: Pre-birth nourishing as well as feeding and protection after birth. schooling
Food / Feed Strategy: immobilize prey with whack from snout. eats bony fish, shrimp, squids
Common Name: Zebra Shark
Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 28
Common Name: Atlantic Manta Rays
Scientific Name: Manta birostris
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei
Family: Myliobatidae Genus: Manta
Species: birostris
Geography / Habitat: Surface to 120 meters, tropical warm-water coastal regions
Life Strategy: solitary, free swimmers. 1 female breeds with a few males. 1 or 2 babies, who are soon
independent
Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeding planktivores
Common Name: Atlantic Manta Ray
Scientific Name: Manta birostris
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 29
Common Name: Bat Rays
Scientific Name: Myliobatis californicus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei
Family: Myliobatidae Genus: Myliobatis
Species: californicus
Geography / Habitat: shallow waters and coral reefs, Oregon to the Sea of Cortez
Life Strategy: usually solitary, but sometimes in monstrous groups (thousands). male chooses mate
for breeding. pups independent at birth.
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; mollusks, crustaceans, small fish
Common Name: Bat Ray
Scientific Name: Myliobatis californicus
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 30
Common Name: Southern Atlantic Stingray
Scientific Name: Dasyatis americana
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes
Family: Dasyatidae Genus: Myliobatis
Species: californicus
Geography / Habitat: most abundant in Gulf of Mexico, florida. also Carribean. Reaches to NJ and
Central S. America. bottom-dweller, sandy bottoms, in-shore
Life Strategy: ovoviparous; independent after birth. 3-5 pups per litter
Food / Feed Strategy: crabs, shellfish, marine worms, sometimes small fish. buries in sand and
surprises
Common Name: Southern Atlantic Stingray
Scientific Name: Dasyatis americana
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 31
Common Name: Blue-spotted Stingray
Scientific Name: Taeniura lymma
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes
Family: Dasyatidae Genus: Taeniura
Species: lymma
Geography / Habitat: Indo-west Pacific. sandy bottoms around coral reefs
Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 7 young per litter. lives alone or in small groups
Food / Feed Strategy: traps food on substrate, then eats. eats bony fish, shrimp, crabs
Common Name: Blue-spotted Stingray
Scientific Name: Taeniura lymma
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 32
Common Name: Cookie-cutter Shark
Scientific Name: Isistius brasiliensis
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes
Family: Dalatiidae Genus: Isistius
Species: brasiliensis
Geography / Habitat: Mainly Pacific Ocean, also occurs worldwide. Deep-water, near islands.
Life Strategy: solitary, only come together for mating. lays eggs in stick casing on rocks, young
emerge fully developed
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, violent. deepwater organisms – sharks, squid, fish, etc.
Common Name: Cookie-cutter Shark
Scientific Name: Isistius brasiliensis
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 33
Common Name: Greenland Shark
Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes
Family: Dalatiidae Genus: Somniosus
Species: microcephalus
Geography / Habitat: North Atlantic, Continental shelves, some intertidal regions. down to 1200
meters deep
Life Strategy: females provide rich embryos for young, sharks independent at birth. sluggish, hover
near sea floor
Food / Feed Strategy: Eats fish, marine mammals, and carrion
Common Name: Greenland Shark
Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 34
Common Name: Piked Dogfish
Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes
Family: Squalidae Genus: Squalus
Species: acanthias
Geography / Habitat: About 700 meters deep, North Atlantic and North Pacific
Life Strategy: ovoviviparous; females create „candles‟ – thin shell around eggs. gregarious schools
of hundreds or thousands
Food / Feed Strategy: bony fishes, smaller sharks, mollusks, crustaceans, eggcases of sharks
Common Name: Piked Dogfish
Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 35
Common Name: Pacific Angel Shark
Scientific Name: Squatina californica
Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squatiniformes
Family: Squatinidae Genus: Squatina
Species: californica
Geography / Habitat: bottom-dweller, shallow waters, Eastern Pacific coastline, California to Chile
Life Strategy: long gestation period results in immediate survival of pups. annual breeding cycle.
typically solitary
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores, primarily eat bony fishes and cephalopods.
Common Name: Pacific Angel Shark
Scientific Name: Squatina californica
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 36
Common Name: Threadfin Butterflyfish
Scientific Name: Chaetodon auriga
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Chaetodon
Species: auriga
Geography / Habitat: Indian and Pacific Oceans, tropical coral reefs
Life Strategy: monogamous, lasting partnership, release hundreds of thousands of eggs, then leave
alone
Food / Feed Strategy: mostly eat plankton, also algae, shrimp, gastropods
Common Name: Threadfin Butterflyfish
Scientific Name: Chaetodon auriga
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 37
Common Name: Foureye Butterflyfish
Scientific Name: Chaetodon capistratus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Chaetodon
Species: capistratus
Geography / Habitat: Western Tropical Atlantic, shallow coral reefs
Life Strategy: groups up to 15 individuals, no consistent paring of mates.
Food / Feed Strategy: browser, eats mostly anthozoans. also fish eggs, crustaceans, worms
Common Name: Foureye Butterflyfish
Scientific Name: Chaetodon capistratus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 38
Common Name: Featherfin Bullfish
Scientific Name: Heniochus acuminatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Heniochus
Species: acuminatus
Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean, coral reefs, bay waters
Life Strategy: lays eggs, larvae planktonic
Food / Feed Strategy: coral reef feeders; eats coral and invertebrates
Common Name: Featherfin Bullfish
Scientific Name: Heniochus acuminatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 39
Common Name: Blue-ring Angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Pomacanthus
Species: annularis
Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean coastal rocky coral reefs
Life Strategy: one male and one female, at dusk
Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; benthic invertebrates
Common Name: Blue-ring Angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 40
Common Name: French Angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Pomacanthus
Species: paru
Geography / Habitat: shallow coral reefs, both sides of Atlantic
Life Strategy: Pair spawn and scatter eggs. external fertilization
Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; algae and sponges
Common Name: French Angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 41
Common Name: Common Dolphinfish
Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Coryphaenidae Genus: Coryphaena
Species: hippurus
Geography / Habitat: tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, found near floating objects
Life Strategy: spawning every 2-3 years, 80,000 to 1 million eggs each time
Food / Feed Strategy: eats teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans
Common Name: Common Dolphinfish
Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus
Body Form or Style: Fusiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 42
Common Name: Remora
Scientific Name: Remora remora
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Coryphaenidae Genus: Remora
Species: Remora
Geography / Habitat: Western Mediterranean and Atlantic, pelagic
Life Strategy: clings to bottom of sharks, rays, other large organisms.
Food / Feed Strategy: gillrakers filter plankton as they ride large fish
Common Name: Remora
Scientific Name: Remora remora
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 43
Common Name: Zebra fish
Scientific Name: Enoplosus armatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Enoplosidae Genus: Enoplosus
Species: armatus
Geography / Habitat: Indonesia to S. Australia, sea grass beds
Life Strategy: Schooling fish, pair up for spawning, pelagic eggs (floating)
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, especially small crustaceans
Common Name: Zebra Fish
Scientific Name: Enoplosus armatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 44
Common Name: Leather Grouper
Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae Genus: Dermatoplepis
Species: dermatolepis
Geography / Habitat: Eastern Central Pacific and Southeast Pacific, rocky reef areas
Life Strategy: males and females release clouds of eggs and sperm, do not guard young
Food / Feed Strategy: small benthic fish, crustaceans, crabs, shrimp
Common Name: Leather Grouper
Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 45
Common Name: Clown Wrasse
Scientific Name: Coris aygula
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Labridae Genus: Coris
Species: aygula
Geography / Habitat: Eastern Africa, Southern Asia, rocky reef and coral areas
Life Strategy: loose aggregations, one male dominates for spawning. egg-layers
Food / Feed Strategy: eats shelled mollusks, crabs, sea urchins
Common Name: Clown Wrasse
Scientific Name: Coris aygula
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 46
Common Name: Cleaner Fish
Scientific Name: Labroides dimidiatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Labridae Genus: Labroides
Species: dimidiatus
Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific coral reefs
Life Strategy: males defend territory, attract females. external fertilization
Food / Feed Strategy: operate “cleaning stations” where other fish come to have their teeth cleaned
by the wrasses
Common Name: Cleaner Fish
Scientific Name: Labroides dimidiatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 47
Common Name: Bluehead Wrasse
Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Labridae Genus: Thalassoma
Species: bifasciatum
Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic Ocean, inshore bays and seagrass beds
Life Strategy: females can become males (protogyny). egg-layers, no parental care
Food / Feed Strategy: forage for plankton, worms, shrimp, small crustaceans
Common Name: Bluehead Wrasse
Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 48
Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion akindynos
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae Genus: Amphiprion
Species: akindynos
Geography / Habitat: Australian Great Barrier Reef, 1-25 meters deep
Life Strategy: live in anemones on reef without being harmed. male selects nest, external
fertilization, guard nest from predators and clear debris
Food / Feed Strategy: primarily eat algae and zooplankton
Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion akindynos
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 49
Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae Genus: Amphiprion
Species: frenatus
Geography / Habitat: Oriental Western Pacific, lagoon reefs
Life Strategy: pair mates together for life, lives in anemone for protection. lay eggs and protects,
larvae leave when hatched for own anemone
Food / Feed Strategy: algae, zooplankton, small crustaceans
Common Name: Tomato Clownfish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 50
Common Name: False Skunkstriped Anemonefish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion perideraion
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Pomacentridae Genus: Amphiprion
Species: perideraion
Geography / Habitat: Tropical West Pacific and Indian oceans, lagoons and seaward reefs
Life Strategy: lay eggs just outside host anemone, protect until gone. not harmed by anemone,
symbiotic relationship, gets protection
Food / Feed Strategy: suction-feeder, omnivorous, zoo- and phyto-plankton mostly
Common Name: False Skunkstriped Anemonefish
Scientific Name: Amphiprion perideraion
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 51
Common Name: Kenyi
Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Pseudotropheus
Species: lombardoi
Geography / Habitat: rocky shores, Mbenji Island, East African Lake Malawi
Life Strategy: aggressive, typical mbunas, mouthbreed, live in same location
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, but does need plenty plant/vegetable protein
Common Name: Kenyi
Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fish Species #: 52
Common Name: Kissing Gourami
Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Helostomatidae Genus: Helostoma
Species: Helostoma temmincki
Geography / Habitat: Southeast Asia; Thailand, Indonesia, Java, Borneo
Life Strategy: Fry born in floodplains, at 5 to 7 cm migrate to slow-moving rivers.
“Kissing behavior occurs during feeding and some courtship.
Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; phytoplankton, zooplankton, and aquatic insects,
supplemented by plant material
Common Name: Kissing Gourami
Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style:
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 53
Common Name: Lake Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salvelinus
Species: namaycush
Geography / Habitat: Canada, Alaska, Great Lakes, and New England. needs deep water refugia,
high oxygen levels
Life Strategy: lay eggs in gravel substrate, which winter long time b/c of cold water
Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous, especially alewives, smelt, sculpin and chubs
Common Name: Lake Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 54
Common Name: Lake Whitefish
Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Coregonus
Species: clupeaformis
Geography / Habitat: Large deepwater lakes, Canada and Alaska
Life Strategy: fairly sedentary, seasonal movements in water column. Large group spawnings
Food / Feed Strategy: insects, mollusks, fish eggs and fry. Forage on lake bottom
Common Name: Lake Whitefish
Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 55
Common Name: Longnose gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus
Species: osseus
Geography / Habitat: Sluggish water in large lakes and rivers, Eastern U.S.
Life Strategy: No raising of young. female selects mate from up to 15 males
Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous; shad, bluegill, bullheads
Common Name: Longnose Gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 56
Common Name: Muskellunge
Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes
Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox
Species: masquinongy
Geography / Habitat: North American rivers and lakes, clear water
Life Strategy: loners or loose packs, random spawning, no nests
Food / Feed Strategy: top predators. Eat fish, frogs, ducklings, mice
Common Name: Muskellunge
Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 57
Common Name: Muskellunge
Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes
Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox
Species: masquinongy
Geography / Habitat: North American rivers and lakes, clear water
Life Strategy: loners or loose packs, random spawning, no nests
Food / Feed Strategy: top predators. Eat fish, frogs, ducklings, mice
Common Name: Muskellunge
Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 56
Common Name: Oscar
Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Astronotus
Species: ocellatus
Geography / Habitat: Amazon River Basin, slow moving white-water
Life Strategy: mates pair up, lay 1,000-3,000 eggs on flat surface
Food / Feed Strategy: eats anything that fits in its mouth, although not aggressive except in mating
rituals
Common Name: Oscar
Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 57
Common Name: Pacu
Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae Genus: Piaractus
Species: mesopotamicus
Geography / Habitat: Paraguay-Paraná River basin
Life Strategy: Solitary, robust, lives alone unless breeding
Food / Feed Strategy: eats nuts, fruits, and seeds that fall into water
Common Name: Pacu
Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 58
Common Name: Peacock Cichlid
Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Aulonocara
Species: hansbaenschi
Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, cave dweller
Life Strategy: Ovophile mouthbrooders, matriarchal family. Mother keeps eggs in mouth, and thinks
egg-spots on male‟s tail are eggs. In attempting to add the egg-spots, the real eggs are fertilized
Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous, eats almost anything (worms, small crustaceans, insects, etc.)
Common Name: Peacock Cichlid
Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 59
Common Name: Channel Catfish
Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Hepsetus
Species: odoe
Geography / Habitat: banks of rivers near heavy vegetation, swamp areas, West African rivers
Life Strategy: builds bubble nests, guards aggressively, spawns during flood season
Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous – feeds on several kinds of smaller fish. often cichlids.
Common Name: Pike Characid
Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 60
Common Name: Piranha
Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae Genus: Pygocentrus
Species: nattereri
Geography / Habitat: Whitewater streams, South America
Life Strategy: bowl-shaped nests in sediment, circular courtship ritual
Food / Feed Strategy: swarm in vegetation, 20-30 attack prey. Or chasing and scavenging. Small
fish in morning, large fish in afternoon
Common Name: Piranha
Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 61
Common Name: Pirate Perch
Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percopsiformes
Family: Aphredoderidae Genus: Aphredoderus
Species: sayanus
Geography / Habitat: Clear warm water with low currents, North America (Mississippi Valley)
Life Strategy: solitary and vicious (name comes from eating all other fish in aquarium) mostly
nocturnal. Lay eggs in underwater root masses
Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous – immature insects, small crustaceans, small fish
Common Name: Pirate Perch
Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 62
Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Ameiurus
Species: melas
Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small
ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant
Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs
Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous
Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 63
Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish
Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Mochokidae Genus: Platydoras
Species: armatulus
Geography / Habitat: Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers in French-Guiana
Life Strategy: Burrow in soft, sandy river bottoms, live life there. nocturnal
Food / Feed Strategy: bottom-feeding carnivores
Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish
Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 64
Common Name: Upside-down Catfish
Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Mochokidae Genus: Synodontis
Species: nigriventris
Geography / Habitat: Central Congo basin of Africa
Life Strategy: After 2 months old, swims upside-down for rest of life. Egg-layers
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous – insects, crustaceans, and plant matter
Common Name: Upside Down Catfish
Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 65
Common Name: White Bass
Scientific Name: Morone chrysops
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percoidei
Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone
Species: chrysops
Geography / Habitat: unvegetated, open, large bodies of water. S. Canada to Northeast Mexico
Life Strategy: Dense schooling. No courtship – random fertilization
Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous, eats perch, shad, carp, bullheads, and others
Common Name: White Bass
Scientific Name: Morone chrysops
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 66
Common Name: White Perch
Scientific Name: Morone americana
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percoidei
Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone
Species: americana
Geography / Habitat: Lakes and reservoirs along Atlantic coast from New Jersey to S. Carolina
Life Strategy: Use creeks and small rivers as nursery for juveniles. Reside in bottom of large lakes
during winter
Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous, mainly piscivorous. Also fish eggs, insects, crustaceans
Common Name: White Perch
Scientific Name: Morone americana
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 67
Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ameiurus
Species: natalis
Geography / Habitat: Backwaters with a slow current, rivers and streams, Eastern U.S.
Life Strategy: digs protected nests next to tree stumps, rocks, etc. fry kept in tight schools
Food / Feed Strategy: Opportunistic feeders, omnivorous
Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 68
Common Name: Adolfo‟s Cory
Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi
Family: Callichthyidae Genus: Corydoras
Species: adolfoi
Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dweller, Brazil, rivers of S. America
Life Strategy: Peaceful schooling fish
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, sucks material off bottom
Common Name: Adolfo‟s Cory
Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 69
Common Name: African Glass Catfish
Scientific Name: Pareutropius buffei
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi
Family: Siluriformes Genus: Pareutropius
Species: buffei
Geography / Habitat: Niger River Watershed, near riverbanks or floodplains
Life Strategy: Peaceful, but active, lives in small groups, uncommonly seen
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivores who eat almost anything, bottom-feeders
Common Name: African Glass Catfish
Scientific Name: Pareutropius buffei
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 70
Common Name: Alligator gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus
Species: osseus
Geography / Habitat: Large lakes, rivers, bayous, Southeast United States
Life Strategy: Oviparous – no raising of eggs. Solitary and aggressive
Food / Feed Strategy: opportunistic carnivores, sit-and-wait predators
Common Name: Alligator Gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 71
Common Name: Betta
Scientific Name: Betta Splendens
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Osphronemidae Genus: Betta
Species: Splendens
Geography / Habitat: Asian Swamps
Life Strategy: uses colors when agitated or mating
Food / Feed Strategy: zooplankton and mosquito larvae, carnivorous
Common Name: Betta
Scientific Name: Betta Splendens
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 72
Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ameiurus
Species: melas
Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small
ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant
Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs
Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous
Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish
Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 73
Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra
Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae Genus: Hyphessobrycon
Species: erythrostigma
Geography / Habitat: dense vegetation, inland tropical rivers/ streams, Amazon River Basin
Life Strategy: Spawn, then drop eggs and leave
Food / Feed Strategy: wide variety – crustaceans, insects, etc.
Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra
Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 74
Common Name: Bloater
Scientific Name: Coregonus hoyi
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Coregonus
Species: hoyi
Geography / Habitat: On or near bottom, Great Lakes except Lake Erie
Life Strategy: daytime on bottom, night-time rises in water column for feeding. Spring spawning
Food / Feed Strategy: Copepods, fish eggs, clams
Common Name: Bloater
Scientific Name: Coregonus hoyi
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 75
Common Name: Blue Ahli
Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Sciaenochromis
Species: Ahli
Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, deep water, rocky areas
Life Strategy: very aggressive and territorial, males develop coloring, but females don‟t
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects
Common Name: Blue Ahli
Scientific Name: Sciaenochromis ahli
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 76
Common Name: Blue Ram
Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Mikrogeophagus
Species: ramirezi
Geography / Habitat: slow-flowing water, South American Streams
Life Strategy: mostly bluff, not very aggressive. Have strong pair bonds from juvenile age
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects
Common Name: Blue Ram
Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 77
Common Name: Bristlenose Plecostomus
Scientific Name: Ancistrus temminckii
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Ancistrus
Species: temminckii
Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers
Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)
Common Name: Bristlenose Pleco
Scientific Name: Ancistrus temminckii
Body Form or Style: Bottom rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 78
Common Name: Brook Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salvelinus
Species: fontinalis
Geography / Habitat: Rivers and lakes, Eastern coast, Hudson Bay to Georgia. Require escape
cover
Life Strategy: fairly territorial and aggressive. Migrate short distances upstream to spawn.
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore – anything that fits in mouth. Insects, worms, crustaceans, etc.
Common Name: Broook Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 79
Common Name: Brown Trout
Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salmo
Species: trutta
Geography / Habitat: Europe (Iceland and Mediterranean area), rivers and streams
Life Strategy: Spawn, then move downstream for winter, take refuge in secluded, slow-moving areas
Food / Feed Strategy: mainly large aquatic insects, also food washed from banks
Common Name: Brown Trout
Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 80
Common Name: Bull Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salvelinus
Species: confluentus
Geography / Habitat: Northwest North America (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, etc.) medium to large
rivers, large lakes
Life Strategy: migratory during spawning time, spawning not possible in still water
Food / Feed Strategy: piscovorous, also eats some small invertebrates
Common Name: Bull Trout
Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 81
Common Name: Burbot
Scientific Name: Lota lota
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gadiformes
Family: Lotidae Genus: Pseudodoras
Species: niger
Geography / Habitat: Deep lakes or slow-moving river bottoms; Nearctic and Palearctic regions
Life Strategy: migrate to shallow waster for spawning, wintertime
Food / Feed Strategy: Piscovores – hunt similar to pikes (lie in wait) but less emphasis on sight
Common Name: Burbot
Scientific Name: Lota lota
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 82
Common Name: Sheatfish
Scientific Name: Silurus glanis
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Siluridae Genus: Silurus
Species: glanis
Geography / Habitat: Eastern Europe; large lakes, mud bottoms, especially near dams
Life Strategy: Males guard eggs where female lays
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, eats mollusks, crustaceans, and larger animals, like birds, voles,
and snakes
Common Name: Sheatfish
Scientific Name: Silurus glanis
Body Form or Style: Taeniform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 83
Common Name: Channel Catfish
Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatu
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ictalurus
Species: punctatu
Geography / Habitat: varying depths, but during day hide in holes, moving or standing water, lower
Canada and Midwest U.S.
Life Strategy: monogamous, long mating ritual
Food / Feed Strategy: taste buds all over body, one large mouth. Eats snails, algae, snakes, frogs,
insects, aquatic plants, and birds sometimes
Common Name: Channel Catfish
Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatu
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 84
Common Name: Archerfish
Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi
Family: Siluriformes Genus: Toxotes
Species: chatareus
Geography / Habitat: Australia, India, Malasia, Thailand, and Vietnam
Life Strategy: Peaceful egglayer
Food / Feed Strategy: shoots insects above water with a quick, powerful jet of water
Common Name: Common Archer
Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 85
Common Name: Common Hatchetfish
Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Gasteropelecidae Genus: Gasteropelecus
Species: sternicla
Geography / Habitat: Surface-dweller, likes vegetated shores, but ventures out when schooled
Life Strategy: Hydroplanes out of water to avoid predators. breed during rainy season
Food / Feed Strategy: primarily insects and larvae
Common Name: Common Hatchetfish
Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 86
Common Name: Convict Cichlid
Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Cichlasomatinae
Species: Amatitlania
Geography / Habitat: Central American Streams, Guatemala to Costa Rica, Honduras to Panama.
Life Strategy: parental care of eggs, aggressive protection, assisted feeding, use mouth to transport
fry to nest
Food / Feed Strategy: flakes optimal, will eat pellets. Needs animal protein – vegetable protein good
too
Common Name: Convict Cichlid
Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style:
Mouth Position: terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 87
Common Name: Cuiu cuiu
Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes
Family: Doradidae Genus: Pseudodoras
Species: niger
Geography / Habitat: South America, large rivers, not tributaries. Blackwater and whitewater.
Life Strategy: Annual fish run upstream from Amazon basin
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous; crustaceans, snails, seeds, fruits
Common Name: Cuiu cuiu
Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 88
Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid
Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Osphronemidae Genus: Cyrtocara
Species: moorii
Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi
Life Strategy: follows special feeding strategy
Food / Feed Strategy: follows behind substrate-digging cichlids and eats remnants of their meals
Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid
Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 89
Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii
Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae Genus: Melanochromis
Species: Johanni
Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi
Life Strategy: Typical mouthbrooding mbuna, aggressive and territorial
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, needs plant and animal protein
Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii
Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 90
Common Name: Electric Yellow Lab
Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Labidochromis
Species: Caeruleus
Geography / Habitat: African Lake Malawi
Life Strategy: Mouthbrooder – eggs laid, fry hatched and raised in mother‟s mouth
Food / Feed Strategy: in wild eats crawfish and insect larvae. omnivorous, eats most aquarium
foods, needs strong vegetable component
Common Name: Electric Yellow Cichlid
Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 91
Common Name: Emperor Tetra
Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes
Family: Characidae Genus: Nematobrycon
Species: palmeri
Geography / Habitat: Pelagic rivers, Western Colombia, S. America
Life Strategy: long spawning, external fertilization. One egg spawned at a time. No guarding of
eggs, but may eat
Food / Feed Strategy: Very omnivorous. In one year, consumes 60 times body weight
Common Name: Emperor Tetra
Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 92
Common Name: Featherfin Catfish
Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi
Family: Siluriformes Genus: Synodontis
Species: eupterus
Geography / Habitat: Chad, Niger (White Nile River). Bottom-dweller
Life Strategy: aggressive, long life (18 years), lay eggs, not mouthbrooder
Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous
Common Name: Featherfin Catfish
Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus
Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover
Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 93
Common Name: Florida gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes
Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus
Species: platyrhincus
Geography / Habitat: Lowland streams or lakes, muddy bottoms, abundant vegetation. Florida and
some nearby areas
Life Strategy: Travel in groups of 2-10. dry season–burrow in marsh sediments.
Food / Feed Strategy: Ram feeding (high velocity lunge, slow stalk). eats fish, shrimp, and crayfish
Common Name: Florida Gar
Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 94
Common Name: Freshwater Drum
Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percoidei
Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Aplodinotus
Species: grunniens
Geography / Habitat: Slack currents and backwaters, large rivers or lakes, Hudson Bay to
Guatemala
Life Strategy: lays floating eggs seasonally. Nocturnal schooling fish
Food / Feed Strategy: predators, search bottom in schools
Common Name: Freshwater Drum
Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 95
Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid
Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi
Family: Siluriformes Genus: Nimbochromis
Species: Venustus
Geography / Habitat: Lake Malawi, Africa, deeper regions
Life Strategy: lives in deep regions to hunt juveniles due to special techniques
Food / Feed Strategy: hunts juvenile cichlids, burrows into sand to hide, then attacks prey when
approaches
Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid
Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform
Mouth Position: Superior
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 96
Common Name: Grass Pickerel
Scientific Name: Esox americanus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes
Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox
Species: americanus
Geography / Habitat: clear lakes, slow waters, Atlantic coast of N. America
Life Strategy: Solitary and aggressively predaceous unless spawning
Food / Feed Strategy: camouflages, then darts out to catch prey. Insects, other fishes, crustaceans
Common Name: Grass Pickerel
Scientific Name: Esox americanus
Body Form or Style: Sagittiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 97
Common Name: Jewel Cichlid
Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus
Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Hemichromis
Species: bimaculatus
Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers
Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)
Common Name: Jewel Cichlid
Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus
Body Form or Style: Compressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform
Mouth Position: superior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 98
Common Name: Common Cuttlefish
Scientific Name: Sepia officinalis
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Sepiida
Family: Sepiidae Genus: Sepia
Species: officinalis
Geography / Habitat: Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic, reefs or channels up to 80 ft. deep. found
on bottom covered in sand
Life Strategy: Internal fertilization, no larval stage. very smart for invertebrate. camouflage with
sandy bottom for protection
Food / Feed Strategy: captures, paralyzes with poison or crushes with beak. eats small fish, shrimp,
crabs, crustaceans
Common Name: Common Cuttlefish
Scientific Name: Sepia officinalis
Body Form or Style: Depressiform
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 99
Common Name: Ram‟s Horn Squid
Scientific Name: Spirula spirula
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Spirulida
Family: Spirulidae Genus: Spirula
Species: Spirula
Geography / Habitat: tropical coastal waters, daytime 500-1000 meters, night 100-300 meters
Life Strategy: male implants sperm sac, female lays eggs with nutrients until hatching, then young
are independent
Food / Feed Strategy: nocturnal hunter, eats small fish and crustaceans
Common Name: Ram‟s Horn Squid
Scientific Name: Spirula spirula
Body Form or Style: Squid-like
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 100
Common Name: Longfinned Squid
Scientific Name: Loligo forbesii
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida
Family: Loliginidae Genus: Loligo
Species: forbesii
Geography / Habitat: All open coast, Eastern Atlantic, near sandy or muddy bottoms
Life Strategy: up to 100,000 eggs, provided with yolk sac, no further parental investment.
Food / Feed Strategy: eats smaller organisms (fish, other mollusks, etc.)
Common Name: Longfinned Squid
Scientific Name: Loligo forbesii
Body Form or Style: Squid-like
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 101
Common Name: Longfinned Inshore Squid
Scientific Name: Loligo pealeii
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida
Family: Loliginidae Genus: Loligo
Species: pealeii
Geography / Habitat: Eastern Continental shelf of N. America, Gulf of Mexico, shallow waters
Life Strategy: males court females, females lay 200-egg packets on sea floor to be fertilized. changes
color for courtship and defense
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; other squid, crustaceans, fishes, shrimp
Common Name: Longfinned Inshore Squid
Scientific Name: Loligo pealeii
Body Form or Style: Squid-like
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 102
Common Name: N/A
Scientific Name: Stauroteuthis syrtensis
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Stauroteuthidae Genus: Stauroteuthis
Species: syrtensis
Geography / Habitat: Waters off continental shelf, Eastern N. America, open water, near bottom
Life Strategy: because it‟s deep-water, little known about mating or parental care. Internal
fertilization, lays about 900 eggs
Food / Feed Strategy: small crustaceans, mainly copepods. bioluminescence of suckers may attract
prey
B
Common Name: N/A
Scientific Name: Stauroteuthis syrtensis
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 103
Common Name: Greater Argonaut
Scientific Name: Argonauta argo
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Argonautidae Genus: Argonauta
Species: argo
Geography / Habitat: near surface, epipelagic. tropical oceans worldwide
Life Strategy: male has special leg for fertilizing which breaks off. female creates shell for eggs
before hatching
Food / Feed Strategy: feeds on plankton and small organisms on surface
Common Name: Greater Argonaut
Scientific Name: Argonauta argo
Body Form or Style: Shelled Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 104
Common Name: Knobby Argonaut
Scientific Name: Argonauta nodosa
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Argonautidae Genus: Argonauta
Species: nodosa
Geography / Habitat: surface level in open ocean, all oceans, most abundant by South Australia
Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, female raises eggs inside brood chamber of shell until
ready to release
Food / Feed Strategy: crayfish, crabs, and bivalves
Common Name: Knobby Argonaut
Scientific Name: Argonauta nodosa
Body Form or Style: Shelled octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 105
Common Name: Greater Blue-ringed Octopus
Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena lunulata
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae Genus: Hapalochlaena
Species: lunulata
Geography / Habitat: Indowest Pacific and Indian Oceans, shallow coral and rock pools
Life Strategy: female guards 60-100 eggs for 50 days, doesn‟t even eat, dies upon hatching
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; fish, crabs, mollusks, small marine organisms
Common Name: Greater Blue-ringed Octopus
Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena lunulata
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 106
Common Name: Blue-ringed Octopus
Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena maculosa
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae Genus: Hapalochlaena
Species: maculosa
Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific tidal rock pools
Life Strategy: male courts respondent females with colors, female carries eggs, young hatch as
planktonic paralarvae
Food / Feed Strategy: poisonous, may inject neuropoison into water or with bite. extremely toxic.
carnivorous; shrimp, crustaceans, etc.
Common Name: Blue-ringed Octopus
Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena maculosa
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 107
Common Name: Common Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae Genus: Octopus
Species: vulgaris
Geography / Habitat: worldwide distribution, warm/tropical waters, surface to 150 meters deep
Life Strategy: females settle in shelter, lay and brood 100,000-500,000 eggs, die shortly after from
no eating
Food / Feed Strategy: active predators, primarily gastropods and bivalves
Common Name: Common Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 108
Common Name: Caribbean Reef Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus briareus
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae Genus: Octopus
Species: briareus
Geography / Habitat: Warm, shallow water, around Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. rocky reefs or
seagrass beds
Life Strategy: male mounts, injects sperm. Female settles, broods eggs until hatched, fully
independent offspring.
Food / Feed Strategy: primarily small crustaceans, especially crabs. waits for prey pass lair
Common Name: Caribbean Reef Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus briareus
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 109
Common Name: Joubin‟s Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus joubini
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae Genus: Octopus
Species: joubini
Geography / Habitat: Inhabit empty shells in coral reef, shallow water, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
Sea to Guyanas
Life Strategy: short (5 minute) mating, then female lays eggs, broods, dies after hatching
Food / Feed Strategy: Mostly eats crabs (most convenient), also some snails
Common Name: Joubin‟s Octopus
Scientific Name: Octopus joubini
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 110
Common Name: Vampire Squid
Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Vampyromorpha
Family: Vampyroteuthidae Genus: Vampyroteuthis
Species: infernalis
Geography / Habitat: Prefers no light (1,500-2,500m), tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide
Life Strategy: female discharges eggs after mating, free-float, no further care
Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivore; eats when it can catch. very slow metabolic rate. not aggressive
Common Name: Vampire Squid
Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis
Body Form or Style: Octopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 111
Common Name: Chambered Nautilus
Scientific Name: Nautilus pompilius
Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautilida
Family: Nautilidae Genus: Nautilus
Species: pompilius
Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, near bottoms of coral reefs
Life Strategy: male attaches sperm packet to female‟s shell, female creates eggs, lays. hatched
young are miniature adults, independent
Food / Feed Strategy: uses sense of smell, not sight, to eat fish, crabs, carrion
Common Name: Chambered Nautilus
Scientific Name: Nautilus pompilius
Body Form or Style: Shelled cephalopod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 112
Common Name: California Seahare
Scientific Name: Aplysia californica
Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea
Family: Aplysiidae Genus: Aplysia
Species: californica
Geography / Habitat: coastal regions with thick vegetation, California coast
Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, reproduces sexually, eggs in sacs coiled around rocks/seaweed
Food / Feed Strategy: herbivorous, eats algae and eelgrass
Common Name: California Seahare
Scientific Name: Aplysia californica
Body Form or Style: Nudibranch
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 113
Common Name: Spotted Sea Hare
Scientific Name: Aplysia dactylomela
Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea
Family: Aplysiidae Genus: Aplysia
Species: dactylomela
Geography / Habitat: sea grass beds, tropical waters worldwide
Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, can form chains of up to 12, acting as male and female
simultaneously. very little investment in offspring beyond eggyolk
Food / Feed Strategy: eats red and green algae
Common Name: Spotted Sea Hare
Scientific Name: Aplysia dactylomela
Body Form or Style: Nudibranch
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 114
Common Name: Florida Horse Conch
Scientific Name: Pleuroploca gigantea
Class: Gastropoda Order: Neogastropoda
Family: Fasciolariidae Genus: Pleuroploca
Species: gigantea
Geography / Habitat: sand and weeds, shallow water, Eastern N. America (Gulf of Mexico,
Southeastern U.S.)
Life Strategy: sexual; attaches capsules to rocks or old shells
Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, eats bivalves and other snails
Common Name: Florida Horse Conch
Scientific Name: Pleuroploca gigantea
Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 115
Common Name: Northern Abalone
Scientific Name: Haliotis kamtschatkana
Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda
Family: Haliotididae Genus: Haliotis
Species: kamtschatkana
Geography / Habitat: Pacific coast of North America, rocky substrate, algae
Life Strategy: external fertilization, 48-hour larval stage
Food / Feed Strategy: herbivores, graze on coralline algae
Common Name: Northern Abalone
Scientific Name: Haliotis kamtschatkana
Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 116
Common Name: Red Abalone
Scientific Name: Haliotis rufescens
Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda
Family: Haliotididae Genus: Haliotis
Species: rufescens
Geography / Habitat: Southern Oregon to Baja California, intertidal zones, attached to rocks
Life Strategy: external fertilization, eggs and sperm released together. up to 2 million eggs per
spawning season, larval stage (veligers) for 2 months
Food / Feed Strategy: herbivore, grazes on algae, kelp, plankton
Common Name: Red Abalone
Scientific Name: Haliotis rufescens
Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Inferior
Title: Marine/Saltwater Invertebrates Species #: 117
Common Name: Cherry Stone Clam
Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria
Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida
Family: Veneridae Genus: Mercenaria
Species: mercenaria
Geography / Habitat: intertidal zones down to 10m, mud flats and sand flats, east coast of North
America
Life Strategy: high density spawning, males and females all release gametes together, eggs become
trocophore larvae first
Food / Feed Strategy: suspension feeder, eats plankton by filtering water
Common Name: Cherry Stone Clam
Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria
Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 118
Common Name: Zebra Mussel
Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha
Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida
Family: Dreissenidae Genus: Dreissena
Species: polymorpha
Geography / Habitat: Danube, Dniester, Volga, and Ural rivers, hard surfaces in still or slow-
moving water
Life Strategy: external fertilization, gametes released into water, up to 1 million eggs per year
Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeder, eats mainly unicellular organisms. Algae, plankton, etc.
Common Name: Zebra Mussel
Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha
Body Form or Style: Bivalve
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 119
Common Name: Mucket
Scientific Name: Actinonaias ligamentina
Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida
Family: Unionidae Genus: Actinonaias
Species: ligamentina
Geography / Habitat: Eastern to Central U.S., medium to large rivers, good flow, sand or gravel
substrate
Life Strategy: separate sexes, internal fertilization, viviparous. females brood eggs in marsupial
pouch
Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, pump water with incurrent and excurrent siphons, eat plankton,
algae
Common Name: Mucket
Scientific Name: Actinonaias ligamentina
Body Form or Style: Bivalve
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 120
Common Name: Elktoe
Scientific Name: Alasmidonta marginata
Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida
Family: Unionidae Genus: Alasmidonta
Species: marginata
Geography / Habitat: Great Lakes region, large creeks, mixed sand and gravel substrate
Life Strategy: females brood eggs in pouch, glochidia (larvae) hatch, no further parenting. internal
fertilization, sperm sucked in by female from water
Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeders, pump in water with filters. Eat anything it filters out of water
Common Name: Elktoe
Scientific Name: Alasmidonta marginata
Body Form or Style: Bivalve
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 121
Common Name: Slippershell Mussel
Scientific Name: Alasmidonta viridis
Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida
Family: Unionidae Genus: Alasmidonta
Species: viridis
Geography / Habitat: buried in sand and gravel, small creeks and rivers in Michigan area
Life Strategy: viviparous, glochidia released from female when developed
Food / Feed Strategy: typical suspension filter feeder, sucks in plankton and algae to eat
Common Name: Slippershell Mussel
Scientific Name: Alasmidonta viridis
Body Form or Style: Bivalve
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 122
Common Name: Threeridge
Scientific Name: Amblema plicata
Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida
Family: Unionidae Genus: Amblema
Species: plicata
Geography / Habitat: Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico and St. Lawrence drainages, substrates include
sand, gravel, and mud
Life Strategy: gonochoristic (separate sexes), viviparous, internal fertilization, short-term brooding
Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, siphons in surrounding water, traps food particles, expels the rest
Common Name: Threeridge
Scientific Name: Amblema plicata
Body Form or Style: Bivalve
Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot
Mouth Position: Terminal
1 http://a-z-animals.com/animals/grey-reef-shark/ 2 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/bull-shark/ 3 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/blacktip/blacktipshark.html 4 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/tigershark/tigershark.htm 5 http://www.topp.org/species/white_shark 6 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/wtreefshark/wtreefshark.html 7 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=383 8 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=96 9 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=87 10 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=373
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