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LOGOThe effects of cooperative learning
on junior school students during small group learning
The effects of cooperative learning on junior school students during
small group learning
Shing-Yu Lynn Tsai Dr. Pi-Ying Teresa HsuDate: April 20th, 2010
Gillies, R. (2004). The effects of cooperative learning on junior high school students during small group learning. Learning and Instruction, 14, 197-213.
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Contents
Reflections
Results
Methodology
Introduction
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Introduction
A B C
Assistance with the
task
Sharing resources
Encouragingeach other’s
efforts
( Johnson & Johnson, 1999 )4
Cooperative Learning:
Introduction
The social benefits to students from cooperative learning experiences have been well documented.
( Jordan& Metaias, 1997; Kamps& Daoust, 1994; Slavin, 1995 )
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Introduction
Little study is known about what happens in groups to facilitate learning and what perceptions students have of their cooperative learning experiences.
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Introduction
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Purpose::
to investigate students’ perceptions of what happens during their cooperative learning experiences
Research Questions
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Q1: What are the effects of structured and unstructured cooperative learning experiences on students’ behaviors, interaction, and learning?
Q1: What are the effects of structured and unstructured cooperative learning experiences on students’ behaviors, interaction, and learning?
Q2: Do students’ perceptions of what happens during cooperative learning differ for students in structured and unstructured groups?
Q2: Do students’ perceptions of what happens during cooperative learning differ for students in structured and unstructured groups?
Participants
Methodology
Procedure of the Study Procedure of the Study
Experimental Design Experimental Design
Instruments Instruments
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Data Analysis Data Analysis
Participants
School
Group
Class
Age
223 students 2000.10 Add Your Text
14 years ( grade 9 ) 2001.10 Add Your Text
Australia
99 students ( structured )124 students ( unstructured )2001.10 Add Your Text
Place
6 schools: 3 ( structured ) 3 ( unstructured )
Number
Mathematics2001.10 Add Your Text
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Procedure
Before
During
During
After
Structured group: task interdependencevs.Unstructured Group: No task interdependence
Group observation by video taped
Placement test
Mathematics& whathappened in the groups questionnaire
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Grouping
Grouping
1 low achiever(bottom 25%)
1 intermediate
achiever(middle 25%)
1 intermediate
achiever(middle 25%)
1 high achiever
(top 25%)
Placement test
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Experimental Design
Structured Group:
Positive interdependence, Individual responsibility, Interpersonal communication, Facilitation of each other’s efforts, Group processing
Treatment
Unstructured Group:
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Simple group work
Group-problem solving
Group-problem solving
Draw on the information
Provequestions
Analyze, synthesize,
critique situations
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Mathematics questionnaire Group
observation
What happened in the groups questionnaire
Instruments
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Group observation
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Cooperative behavior A
Noncooperation behavior
Individual task-oriented behavior
Individual non-task behavior
Protocol:Behavior
( Sharan& Shachar, 1988; Gillies& States, 1996 )
B
C
D
Group observation
Directives (verbal instruction) A
B
3C
4D
E
F
G
3H
4I
Protocol:Interaction
Directives with physical prompt (hand gestures)
Unsolicited explanation (no request to cooperative)
Unsolicited terminal (no request to give short response)
Positive interruption (interjects to help)
Negative interruption (yells out)
Solicited explanation (request for assistance)
Unsolicited terminal (request to give short response)
Nonspecific interaction
(Webb, 1985; Gillies& Ashman, 1998)
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Mathematics questionnaire
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Mathematics questionnaire
Bloom (1956)
Two mathematics teacher
What are square numbers? What is the tenth square number in the sequence?
WHGQ questionnaire
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1 2 3 4 5
strongly disagree strongly agree
Johnson& Johnson, 1990; Gillies& Ashman, 1996
15 items
Crobach’s alpha: 0.78
WHGQ questionnaire Positive interdependence
Interpersonal communication
Facilitation of each other’s effortsWHGQ items
Individual responsibility
Group processing
Motivation
Attitudes
Behaviors20
Data Analysis
Behavior&Interaction
(Q1)
MANCOVAMANCOVAMANCOVAMANCOVA
Perceptions to WHGQ
(Q2)
ANCOVAANCOVAANCOVAANCOVA
Learning(Q1)
MANCOVAMANCOVAMANCOVAMANCOVA
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Results
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The children in the unstructured groups displayed more noncooperation and more individual non-task behaviors than their peers in the structured groups.
Results
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The children in the unstructured groups gave more unsolicited terminal, positive interruption and negative interruption response than the children in the structured groups. The children in the structured groups gave more unsolicited explanations and solicited explanations than their peers in the unstructured groups.
Results
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Mean SD F
Structured 2.07 0.57 15.91
Unstructured 1.63 0.73
Table 3Means and standard deviation of mathematic learning outcome in the structured and unstructured groups
The children in the structured groups attained a higher learning outcome score than their peers in the unstructured groups.
P< 0.001
Results
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Table 3Means and standard deviation of students’ perceptions of what happened in the structured and unstructured groups
The children in the unstructured groups reported group members were less likely to interrupt or cut each other off. They were more likely to listen to each other, ask to each other to elaborate on their points, share their ideas, and help each other than the children in the unstructured groups.
Reflections
?? Lack of sample items of mathematics questionnaire
??Reliability of the placement test
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??Reliability of the mathematicsquestionnaire ??
Lack of sample items of WHGQ questionnaire
Reflections
??What the class activity in the unstructured groups??The criteria of the grouping
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???? How did the participants know
those five elements of CL
How many classes participatedin the study
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