final presentation_melanie rondot
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7/30/2019 Final Presentation_Melanie Rondot
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VOC Reduction byVOC Reduction byDynamic CondenserDynamic Condenser
DesignDesignMelanieMelanie RondotRondotAugust 5, 2004August 5, 2004
University of Illinois at Chicago NSFUniversity of Illinois at Chicago NSF--REU 2004REU 2004
Advisors:Advisors:Professor Andreas LinningerProfessor Andreas LinningerAndrs Malcolm, graduate studentAndrs Malcolm, graduate student
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Organic solvents
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in air emissionsVOC emissions regulated by EPA
Pharmaceutical ProcessPharmaceutical Process
Source: EPA Office ofCompliance SectorNotebook Project: Profile ofthe PharmaceuticalManufacturing Industry;September 1997
Flow diagram for typical pharmaceutical process:
Reactor
Condenser
Product
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Project DescriptionProject Description
Surface condensationSurface condensation Condenser Model using MATLABCondenser Model using MATLAB
Steady StateSteady State
DynamicDynamic
UncertaintyUncertainty
Operating ConditionsOperating Conditions
Estimated ParametersEstimated Parameters
Control SystemControl System
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Condenser ModelCondenser Model
Fcool,Tcooln-1
Fgn-1,Tg
n-1
Wall, Twalln
Coolant
Tcooln , Ncool
Gas
TgN,Ng
N
Fcon,Tco
n
Fcool,Tcooln
Qw-cooln
Fgn,Tg
n
Qw-gn
Finite Volume Discretization:
Gas
Inlet
Gas
Outlet
Coolant
InletCoolant
Outlet
Condensate Outlets
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Condenser TheoryCondenser Theory
Energy BalancesEnergy Balances Mass BalancesMass Balances
Diffusion EquationsDiffusion Equations
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Diffusion EquationsDiffusion Equations
0I g
n n n
condensatey y F = No condensationNo condensation
1. ..ln 1
I
n
n ABcondensate n
g
yA D CF y
=
DiffusionDiffusion--Controlled CondensationControlled Condensation
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MATLAB ModelMATLAB Model
User defines
Condenser geometry
Physical properties
Initial temperatures
Initial flow rates
Program calculates
system variables
(h, Dab, Cp, etc)
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Steady State ModelSteady State Model
Simultaneous solution of mass and energy balances using fsolve
Temperature, concentration, and flow profiles
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3200
300
400
Steady State Condenser
Temp(K)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
0.1
0.2
VOC
Conc.
(molfr.)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
5
10
15
Fconb(mol/s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
0.2
0.4
Length (m)
Fcon(mol/s)
gas
wall
coolant
gas
w all
20% Inlet VOC Concentration
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
200
400
Steady State Condenser
Temp(K)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
0.2
0.4
VOC
Conc.
(molfr.)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
10
20
30
Fconb(mol/s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
0.5
1
Length (m)
Fcon(mol/s)
coolant
ga s
wa ll
gas
wall
40% Inlet VOC Concentration
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ExplanationExplanation
Appropriate concentrationAppropriate concentrationgradientgradient ----> condensation> condensation
Energy balancesEnergy balances
n n
w g w cool Q Q =
.( )
n n n
w cool cool w cool Q T T
=
( ). .( ) ( )n n n n n v nw g g condensate pg g w g wQ Q F C T T H T = + +
.( )n n ng g g wQ T T=
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-1
0
1
Steady State Condenser
Qgas(kJ/s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
10
20
30
Qcond(kJ/s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 20
10
20
30
Length (m)
Qd
isp(kJ/s)
40% Inlet VOC Concentration -Heat Flow Profiles
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Limiting ConditionLimiting Condition
Heat Transfer Limited CondensationHeat Transfer Limited Condensation
( );
( )
n
w gn n n n n
g w g w condensate v n
g w
QT T T T F
H T
= =
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3200
300
400
Steady State Condenser
Temp(K)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30
0.2
0.4
VOC
Conc.
(molfr.)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 320
25
30
Fconb(mol/s)
0.5
1
on(mol/s)
ga s
wall
coolantga s
wall
0 0.50
0.5
1
Qgas(kJ/s)
20
30
nd(kJ/s)
40% Inlet VOC Concentration with Heat Transfer Limitation
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Dynamic ModelDynamic Model
Introduces change into system
Simultaneous solution of mass
and energy balances using
ode15s
Initial values obtained fromsteady state solution
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Dynamic Model OutputDynamic Model Output
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Uncertain ParametersUncertain Parameters
Operating ConditionsOperating Conditions Inlet Gas TemperatureInlet Gas Temperature
Inlet Coolant TemperatureInlet Coolant Temperature
Inlet Flowrate of Condensable SpeciesInlet Flowrate of Condensable Species
Estimated ParametersEstimated Parameters
Heat Transfer Coefficient of GasHeat Transfer Coefficient of Gas Diffusion CoefficientDiffusion Coefficient
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Uncertainty Evaluation:Uncertainty Evaluation:ProcedureProcedure
LevelsLevels Tg_inTg_in: 350 5 K: 350 5 K
Tcool_inTcool_in: 230 2 K: 230 2 K
Fconb_inFconb_in: 15 1 mol/s: 15 1 mol/s
HgasHgas (initial): calculated 20%(initial): calculated 20%
Dab (initial): calculated 20%Dab (initial): calculated 20%
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Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Gas Temperature
y = 0.8814x - 41.819
R2
= 1
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356
Inlet Gas Temperature (K)
OutletGasTemperature(K)
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Coolant Temperature
y = 0.1407x + 234.3
R2
= 0.9996
266.3
266.4
266.5
266.6
266.7
266.8
266.9
267.0
227.6 228.0 228.4 228.8 229.2 229.6 230.0 230.4 230.8 231.2 231.6 232.0 232.4
Inlet Coolant Temperature (K)
OutletGasTemperature(K)
SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Independent Variation of 1 VariableIndependent Variation of 1 Variable
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Condensable Flowrate
y = -4.7536x + 337.95
R2
= 1
260
262
264
266
268
270
272
13.8 14.0 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2
Inlet Condensable Flowrate (mol/s)
OutletGasTemperature(K)
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SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Independent Variation of 1 VariableIndependent Variation of 1 Variable
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Heat Transfer Coefficient of Gas (Initial Value)
y = -450.94x + 326.71
R2
= 0.9991
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17
Heat Transfer Coefficient of Gas (Initial Value) ( kJ / (s*m^2*K) )
OutletGasTemperature(K)
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Diffusion Coefficient (Initial Value)
y = -14.415x + 324.42
R2
= 0.9994
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0
Diffusion Coefficient (Initial Value) ( mol / (s*m^2*atm) )
OutletGasTemperature
(K)
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SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Simultaneous Variation of 2 VariablesSimultaneous Variation of 2 VariablesOutlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Gas and Coolant Temperatures
y = 0.9423x + 266.65
R2
= 1
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Level of Variation in Inlet Gas and Coolant Temperatures
OutletGasTemperature(K)
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Coolant Temperature
and Inlet Condensable Flowrate
y = 1.0037x + 266.66
R2
= 1
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Level of Variation in Inlet Coolant Temperature and Inlet Condensable Flowrate
OutletGasTemperature(K)
Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Gas Temperature
and Inlet Condensable Flowrate
y = 1.8291x + 266.66
R2
= 1
266
268
270
272
274
276
278
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Level of Variation in Inlet Gas Temperature and Inlet Condensable Flowrate
OutletGasTemperature(K)
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Control SystemControl System
Influence system toward operation about set point by adjusting
coolant flowrate
( 1)e Tg n Tsp= + Error: Control Action: 1*( )IT
Gc kc e edt = +
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Control System:Control System:Decrease Inlet Coolant TemperatureDecrease Inlet Coolant Temperature
0 50 100 150 200 250230
240
250
260
270
Temporary reponse of element a
Time (s)
Temp(K)
0 50 100 150 200 250266
266.5
267
267.5
268
268.5
Time (s )
GasTemp(K)
0 50 100 150 200 250-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
Time (s)
Error(K)
0 50 100 150 200 2500
5
10
15
Time (s )
Coolant
Flowrate(kg/s)
Ga s
Coolant
Wall
Response to 20% Decrease in Inlet Coolant Temperature at t = 120s
Tsp = 268.2K
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Control System:Control System:Increase Inlet Coolant TemperatureIncrease Inlet Coolant Temperature
Response to 20% Increase in Inlet Coolant Temperature at t = 120s
Tsp = 268.2K
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Suggested Future WorkSuggested Future Work
Run simulations and uncertainty trials for systems withRun simulations and uncertainty trials for systems withdifferent species and condenser geometriesdifferent species and condenser geometries
Introduce system variable calculations into model forIntroduce system variable calculations into model fortreatment of inlet streams containing more than onetreatment of inlet streams containing more than one
condensable speciescondensable species
Compare simulation results with experimental data to judgeCompare simulation results with experimental data to judgeaccuracy and determine magnitude of error in parameteraccuracy and determine magnitude of error in parameterestimations (estimations (CpgasCpgas,, hgashgas, Dab), Dab)
Gather information regarding cryogenic cooling systems andGather information regarding cryogenic cooling systems andcost data for condenser construction and operationcost data for condenser construction and operation
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Faculty, graduate students, and postFaculty, graduate students, and post--doctoral researchers indoctoral researchers inthe Chemical Engineering Department at the University ofthe Chemical Engineering Department at the University ofIllinois at Chicago, particularly Professor AndreasIllinois at Chicago, particularly Professor Andreas LinningerLinningerandandAndrsAndrs MalcolmMalcolm
The National Science FoundationThe National Science Foundation
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