figure 3-1 twisted-pair wire anatomy shielded twisted pair (two pair) outer jacket braided shield...

Figure 3-1 Twisted-pair wire anatomy

Shielded twisted pair (two pair)

Outer Jacket

Braided shield

Foil shield

Twisted Pairs

Unshielded twisted pair (four pair)

Twisted Pair

Plastic insulation

Outer Jacket

Outer Jacket

Overall shield

Twisted Pair

ScTP (a hybrid UTP) shielded

Figure 3-2 Coaxial cable anatomy

A

CD

B

Figure 3-3 Fiber-optic cable anatomy

Buffer coating

Core

Cladding

100 - 140

microns

62.5 - 125

microns

50 - 125

microns

10 - 125

microns

Single-mode MultimodeMultimodeMultimode

Figure 3- 4 Single and Multimode Fiber-optical connectors

ST Connector SC Connector

MultimodeSingle-Mode

Figure 3-5 Bypass

PBX

PBX

PBX

PBX

Data Data

DataData

Central Office

Central Office

Central Office

Central Office

BusinessBusiness

BusinessBusiness

Bypass

Before Bypass

Figure 3-6 A LAN interconnect using microwave

BusinessBusiness

LANLAN

MicrowaveMicrowave

Figure 3-7 Satellite Coverage

Earth’s Surface

GEO 35,900 km

MEO 10,400 km

LEO 7-1400 km

MEO

LEO

Figure 3-8 LEO, MEO, GEO relative orbit levels

GEO

MEO

LEO

Figure 3-9 The electro-magnetic spectrum

30,000 MHz

3000 MHz

300 MHz

30 MHz

3 MHz

300 kHz

30 kHz

3 kHz

SHF

UHF

VHF

Short

Wave

MF

LF

VLF

Satellite Ka Band (19-22 GHz)

Satellite KU Band (10.7-12.75 GHz)

Satellite C Band (3.4-4.8 GHz)

UHF TV Broadcast

VHF TV Channels 7-13 (470-884 MHz)

FM Radio Broadcast (88-106MHzz)

VHF TV Channels (54-82 MHz)

CB Radio Channels (27 MHz)

AM Radio Broadcast (.5-1.6 MHz)

SHF – Super High Frequency

UHF – Ultra High Frequency

VHF – Very High Frequency

MF – Medium Frequency

LF – Low Frequency

VLF – Very Low Frequency

Figure 3-10 A VSAT system

VSAT Master Station

Host Computer

VSAT Terminal

Earth Station

VSAT Terminal

VSAT Terminal

VSAT Terminal

GEO Satellite

Figure 3-11 WiFi anatomy

Cable/DSL Modem

ISP (Internet Service

Provider)

ATA

Access Point

Wireless PCs

Wired PCs

VoIP Phones

Internet

Figure 3-12 WiMAX anatomy

ISP Network

WiMAX 802.16 Transmitter

Non Line-of-site Transmission

Internet

Residence or Business

Line-of-site Back Haul

WiMAX 802.16 Transmitter

Line-of-site Back Haul

Customer’s Receiver

Customer’s Receiver connects to Router/Access Point inside home.

Chapter 03

[FIG] Figure 3-1 Twisted-pair wire anatomy[FIG] Figure 3-2 Coaxial cable anatomy[FIG] Figure 3-3 Fiber-optic cable Anatomy[FIG] Figure 3-4 Single-mode and multimode connectors[FIG] Figure 3-5 Bypass[FIG] Figure 3-6 A LAN interconnection using microwave[FIG] Figure 3-7 Satellite Footprints[FIG] Figure 3-8 LEO, MEO, GEO relative orbit levels[FIG] Figure 3-9 The Electro-Magnetic Spectrum[FIG] Figure 3-10 VSAT system[FIG] Figure 3-11 WiFi anatomy[FIG] Figure 3-12 WiMAX anatomy