feed ingredient
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FEED INGREDIENT
BY
AHMAD ABD ELKHABIR (M.SC)
PRODUCT MANAGER
AHMAD ABD ELKHABIR
M.SC ANIMAL NUTRITION
• EMAIL:- A.ABDELKHABIR@KOUDIJSKAPO.COM
AHMAD_KHABIR@HOTMAIL.COM
• MOB:- 00201022209961
00201005546889
• SKYPE:- A.ABDELKHABIR
2
PEOPLE IN TRAINING
3
PRISONER VACATIONER Sponge
INTRODUCTION
POULTRY IN THEIR DIET BASED ON CONCENTRATED FEED AND CAN NOT DIGEST FIBER SO WE
ADDED FIBER FOR BALANCING DIET TO THE CONTENT OF VITAMINS OR OTHER
FOOD DIVISION OF THE RAW MATERIALS
• ENERGY SOURCE (CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT ).
• PROTEIN SOURCE
1. ANIMAL SOURCE (FISH MEAL, MEAT MEAL AND BLOOD MEAL)
2. VEGETABLE SOURCE (SOYBEAN MEAL, SUN FLOWER MEAL AND CORN GLUTEN).
• FIBER SOURCE.
• VITAMINS SOURCES (PREMIX).
• MINERAL SOURCE (LIME STONE, MONO, DI AND BONE PHOSPHATE).
ENERGY
DIFFICULT TO MEASURE AND THERE IS NO GUARANTEE WITH THE FEED.
1. ENERGY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT GOVERNS FEED INTAKE.
•HIGH ENERGY ---> LOW FEED INTAKE
•LOW ENERGY ---> HIGH FEED INTAKE
2. SOURCES OF ENERGY - EVERYTHING IN THE DIET OTHER THAN MINERALS.
UNITS - CALORIE, OR KILOCALORIE
CARBOHYDRATE
CORN
CORN THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY FEED, BECAUSE OF THEIR CHEAPNESS, AVAILABILITY
AND HIGH DIGESTIBLE RATE. THERE ARE MANY KIND OF CORN WITH DIFFERENT IN PROTEIN PERCENT FROM 8
TO MORE THAN 11%. CORN IS A GOOD SOURCE OF LINOLEIC FATTY ACID. THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF
CORN>>>>
YELLOW CORN
• YELLOW CORN ON THE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BETA CAROTENE PIGMENT CONTAINING
(ALZANTHOVEL), AND THIS IS ARE VITAMIN (A) PRECURSORS. THIS DYE WORKS ON DEPOSITION
YELLOW COLOR IN THE SKIN AND EGG YOLK.
• COMPOSITION
PROTEIN 7.7 %
ENERGY 3350 KCAL/KG
FAT 3.8%
FIBER 2.3%
LYSINE 0.24%
METHIONINE 0.20%
CALCIUM 0.02%
T.PHOSPHORUS 0.26%
WHITE CORN
IT’S LOOK LIKE YELLOW CORN, BUT THEY DO NOT CONTAIN OR CONTAIN SMALL AMOUNTS OF
ALZANTHOVEL, AND THUS ARE NOT A SOURCE OF VITAMIN A.
• COMPOSITION
PROTEIN 8.9%
ENERGY 3350 KCAL/KG
FAT 4.3%
FIBER 1.9%
LYSINE 0.27%
METHIONINE 0.19%
CALCIUM 0.02%
T.PHOSPHORUS 0.23%
MOLASSES
IT IS A BYPRODUCT OF CANE AND BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY. SUGAR CANE MOLASSES CONTAINS 3%
PROTEIN BEET MOLASSES WHILE 6% CONTAIN PROTEIN, BOTH OF WHICH ARE HIGH ENERGY.
PROTEIN 4.4%
ENERGY 1930 KCAL/KG
FAT 0.1%
FIBER 0%
LYSINE 0.02%
METHIONINE 0.02%
CALCIUM 0.75%
T.PHOSPHORUS 0.08%
MILL BY-PRODUCTS
• RICE BRAN IS OBTAINED RICE BRAN AS A
BY-PRODUCT OF RICE USED FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF HUMAN. IT CONSISTS
OF THE CRUST AND JENIN GRAIN OF
RICE.
• RICE HULLS ARE SOMETIMES USED TO
REDUCE THE FEED CONTENT OF ENERGY
BECAUSE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE IS
LOW
• WHEAT BROWN CONSISTS OF
APOSTASY FROM THE OUTER SHELL OF
THE GRAIN OF WHEAT.
FATS
FAT SOURCES ARE EITHER AN ANIMAL GREASE PRODUCED FROM ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS
WHICH WE GET FROM THE SEEDS OF PLANTS SUCH AS CORN OIL AND SOYBEAN OIL AND OTHER
OILS USED.
PROTEINS
PROTEINS OF PLANT ORIGIN
PLANT SOURCES ARE MAINLY USED AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN IN POULTRY FEED. SOYBEAN MEAL
SOURCES OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED. AND ADD ANIMAL PROTEIN SOURCES OR AMINO
ACIDS MANUFACTURER TO ENSURE COVER THE SHORTAGE IN SOYBEAN. MEAL MEANS USING
SEED AFTER OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS THEM AND BE DONE EITHER BY PRESSING OR BY SOLVENT
EXTRACTION.
SOYBEAN MEAL
IT IS A SECONDARY PRODUCT OF THE EXTRACTION OF OIL
CONTAINS 42-50% PROTEIN DEPENDENT ON THE EXTRACTION
PROCESS. THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF VEGETABLE PROTEIN IN
POULTRY FEED BECAUSE OF THE ABUNDANCE OF PRODUCTION
AND HIGH NUTRITIONAL VALUE TO HIM AND THUS USES HIGH
RATES IN FEED BEARING IN MIND MIXING IT WITH SOME
ANIMAL SOURCES OR FISH OR ADDED AMINO MANUFACTURER
ACIDS TO ENSURE COVERAGE FOUND IN SOYBEAN
SHORTAGES SUCH AS (METHIONINE). IT IS WORTH
MENTIONING THAT IT CAN NOT BE USED SOYA RAW
MATERIALS IN ORDER TO CONTAIN THE ENZYME TRYPSIN
INHIBITORS THAT MUST BE DESTROYED BY HEAT OR OTHER
MEANS.
• EXPELLER SOYBEAN MEAL HAS A PROTEIN CONTENT OF 43%, BUT STILL MOST OF THE OIL IN
THE SEED.
• SOLVENT SOYBEAN MEAL THIS IS THE METHOD CURRENTLY USED. AND BY THIS METHOD WE
GET LOW CONTENT OF FAT WHEN COMPARED TO EXPELLER SOYBEAN MEAL AS WELL AS IT
CONTAINS 44% PROTEIN.
• HULLED SOLVENT SOYBEAN MEAL OUTPUT OF THIS METHOD HAVE A HIGH PROPORTION OF
PROTEIN ( UP TO 50%), ENERGY AND LOW IN FIBER (3.5%). YOU CAN USE THIS KIND OF
SOYBEAN MEAL IN THE CASE OF THE NEED FOR HIGH ENERGY FEED, AS IS THE CASE IN
BROILER.`
SOYBEAN ANALYSIS
Soybean 48% Soybean 44%
Protein 48% 44%
Energy 2440 kcal/kg 2230 kcal/kg
Fat 1.2% 1.5%
Fiber 3.2% 7.3%
Lysine 3.18% 2.95%
Methionine 0.72% 0.65%
Calcium 0.27% 0.30%
T.Phosphorus 0.63% 0.65%
FULL-FAT SOYBEAN
• SOYBEAN PRIOR TO OIL EXTRACTION IS REFERRED TO AS FULL FAT SOYBEAN. FULL FAT SOYBEAN
MEAL IS AN ADEQUATELY HEAT PROCESSED WHOLE SOYBEAN. IT CONTAINS COMPLETE AMOUNT
OF OIL AND PROTEIN NATURALLY PRESENT IN SOYBEANS. THEY VALUED AS A GOOD POULTRY FEED
INGREDIENT OWING TO ITS HIGH OIL (18%) AND PROTEIN (38%) CONTENT.
• FULL FAT SOYBEAN MEAL IS PRODUCED BY TWO METHODS 1) EXTRUSION METHOD 2) COOKING &
FLAKING METHOD. IN BOTH METHODS SOYBEANS ARE SUBJECTED TO ADEQUATE HEAT
PROCESSING TO DESTROY ANTI NUTRITIONAL FACTORS (TRYPSIN & CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS,
HEMI AGGLUTININS/LECTINS, AND SAPONINS) PRESENT IN RAW SOYBEANS. IN FIRST METHOD
GROUND SOYBEANS ARE PASSED THROUGH SPECIALLY DESIGNED EXTRUDERS, WHERE SUFFICIENT
HEAT IS GENERATED BY FRICTION TO DESTROY ANTI NUTRITIONAL FACTORS. USE OF STEAM IS
OPTIONAL IN THIS METHOD. IN THE SECOND METHOD, SOYBEANS ARE CRACKED AND STEAM
COOKED IN AN INDUSTRIAL COOKER AT A PARTICULAR TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE FOR A SPECIFIED
PERIOD OF TIME. FURTHER THE COOKED SOYBEANS ARE FLAKED AND DRIED TO A MOISTURE LEVEL
OF 10%. PRODUCT PRESENTATION IN THE EXTRUSION METHOD IS IN A GROUND FORM WHEREAS
IT COMES IN THE FORM OF FLAKES IN COOKING & FLAKING METHOD.
FULL FAT SOYBEAN ANALYSIS
Full Fat Soybean
Protein 35%
Energy 3750 kcal/kg
Fat 18%
Fiber 6%
Lysine 2.40%
Methionine 0.54%
Calcium 0.25%
T.Phosphorus 0.60%
SUNFLOWER SEED MEAL
• CONTAIN UP TO 40% PROTEIN AND LOW CONTENT OF LYSINE, AND CAN REPLACE 50% OF
THE SOYBEANS IN FEED HAVE UP TO 100% IF ADDED LYSINE.
Full Fat Soybean
Protein 40%
Energy 2084 kcal/kg
Fat 2%
Fiber 12%
Lysine 1.5%
Methionine 0.90%
Calcium 0.40%
T.Phosphorus 0.90%
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CORN GLUTEN MEAL PROTEIN CONTAINING 40 TO 60%, AND THIS
MEAL IS CHARACTERIZED BY ITS ABILITY TO GIVE A YELLOW COLOR TO THE SKIN OF POULTRY
AND EGG YOLKS.
CORN GLUTEN MEAL
Corn Gluten Meal 40 % Corn Gluten Meal 60 %
Protein 40% 60%
Energy 2990 kcal/kg 3690 kcal/kg
Fat 2.2% 2.2%
Fiber 4.4% 2.2%
Lysine 0.8% 1%
Methionine 1% 1.7%
Calcium 0.15 0.07%
T.Phosphorus 0.45 0.48%
SESAME MEAL
• IT IS A GOOD SOURCE OF VEGETABLE PROTEIN CONTAINS 44% PROTEIN AND NUTRITIONAL
VALUE RISES WHEN MIXED WITH SOYBEAN MEAL. LOW CONTENT OF LYSINE BUT THIS
PROBLEM ENDS WHEN MIXED WITH SOYBEAN. WE CAN USED SESAME MEAL BY ONLY HALF
SOURCES OF PROTEIN IN THE FEED AND A MAXIMUM OF 15% OF THE AMOUNT OF FEED
INTAKE.
Sesame Meal
Protein 44%
Energy 2050 kcal/kg
Fat 1.5%
Fiber 7%
Lysine 1.15%
Methionine 1.25%
Calcium 2.2%
T.Phosphorus 1.3%
• BLOOD MEAL :- USED AFTER DRYING AND GRINDING IT CONTAINS 80% PROTEIN AND A
GOOD SOURCE OF THE AMINO ACID LYSINE, AND IS ADDED TO DIETS IN LOW RATES.
• LIVER MEAL :- LIVER POWDER GOOD SOURCE OF PROTEIN, BUT USED LIMITED BECAUSE HIGH
PRICE.
• MEAT MEAL :- A MEAT-FREE DRIED BONE OR CONTAINING A SMALL AMOUNT OF IT AND MUST
CONTAIN A CERTIFICATE OF GUARANTEE MAKE SURE THE LOW CONTENT OF PHOSPHORUS. IT
CONTAINS 50-55% PROTEIN, AND A HIGH PROPORTION OF LYSINE AND LOW IN
METHIONINE, CYSTEINE AND TRYPTOPHAN. ADDITION 5% CAN BE UP TO 10%.
• MEAT AND BONE MEAL :- IT CONTAINS 47-50% PROTEIN, AS WELL AS HIGH LEVELS OF THE
BONE WHICH MAKES IT A GOOD SOURCE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS. ADDITION 5%
CAN BE UP TO 10%.
PROTEINS OF ANIMAL SOURCE
Blood Meal Poultry Meal Meat and Bone
Meal 45%
Feather Meal
Protein 85% 58% 42% 86%
Energy 2700 kcal/kg 2900 kcal/kg 1820 kcal/kg 2500 kcal/kg
Fat 1.5% 14% 7% 4.5%
Fiber 1% 2% 1% 1%
Lysine 8% 3% 2.11% 2%
Methionine 1% 1.10% 0.53% 0.55%
Calcium 0.3% 3.50% 12.90% 0.26%
T.Phosphorus 0.2% 1.80% 6.10 0.60%
THERE ARE MANY SOURCES OF PROTEIN FISH RANGING FROM THE CONTENTS OF THESE SOURCES OF
PROTEIN FISH USER AND PARTS OF THE FISH THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE
POWDER AS WELL AS THE PROCESS USED IN DRYING, USING FOUR METHODS FOR DRYING A TYPE OF
PREFERENCE DRYING VACUUM OR STEAM OR DIRECT HEAT OR SUNLIGHT. FISH POWDER IS USED
PRIMARILY AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN BECAUSE IT CONTAIN A GOOD AMINO ACIDS PROFILE AND FISH
POWDERS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS :-
• WHITE FISH MEALS:- MADE OF PARTS THAT DO NOT EAT TUNA, WHALES AND LARGE FISH FISH
WHICH IS LOW IN FAT CONTENT.
• DARK FISH MEALS:- IT WAS OBTAINED THROUGH HERRING AND SARDINES FISH WHICH IS HIGH
FAT.
• SHRIMP MEAL:- SHRIMP POWDER IS SECONDARY PRODUCT FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF SHRIMP
CONTAINS ABOUT 43-47% PROTEIN AND CONTAINS CALCIUM THAN THOSE FOUND IN FISH
POWDER, BUT SHALL NOT EXCEED THE SALT CONTENT OF ABOUT 7%.
PROTEINS OF FISH SOURCE
Fish Meal 60% Fish Meal 72% Shrimp Meal
Protein 60% 72% 39.9%
Energy 2900 kcal/kg 3200 kcal/kg 1920 kcal/kg
Fat 9.2% 10% 3.9%
Fiber 1% 0.6% 5%
Lysine 4.4% 5.7% 2.2%
Methionine 1.65% 2.2% 0.82%
Calcium 6.2% 2.5% 7.5%
T.Phosphorus 3.40% 1.8% 1.6%
VITAMINS
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vit. A
• Alfalfa
• maize
• Whale liver oil
• industrially produced
Vit. D • Whale liver oil
• industrially produced
Vit. E
• All grain
• Alfalfa
• industrially produced
Vit. K
• Green leaves such as alfalfa
• meat, fish powder
• industrially produced
Vitamin Source
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamin Source
B1 (thiamin) • Green leaves such as alfalfa
• Grain
• Industrially produced
B2 (riboflavin) • Green leaves such as alfalfa
• Fish Meal
• industrially produced
B4 (pantothenic acid) • Green leaves such as alfalfa
• Peanuts Meal
• calcium pantothenate
B5 (niacin) • Alfalfa
• Fish Meal
• industrially produced
B6 (pyridoxine) • Grain
• Legumes
• Industrially produced
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamin Source
B12 (cobalamin) • Fish Meal
• Meat Meal
• industrially produced
Folic Acid • Green leaves such as alfalfa
• Soybean Meal
• Industrially produced
Biotin • Green leaves such as alfalfa
• Soybean Meal
• Industrially produced
Choline • Soybean
• Fishmeal
• Choline chloride
• Industrially produced
Ascorbic Acid • Industrially produced
MINERALS
MACRO MINERALS
Minerals Source
Ca
• Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains approximately
34% calcium
• DI calcium from producer of phosphate rock phosphate (after getting rid of
fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 23%
• bone powder plants with steam containing 31%
• limestone contain about 37%
P
• Rock phosphorus plants produced from phosphate rock contains about 15%
phosphorus (P).
• DI calcium produced phosphate from the phosphate rock (after getting rid of
fluorine) or from the bone after a private transaction and containing 18% P.
• bone laboratory powder steam contains 14.5% P.
Na
• Salt
Cl
• Salt
MICRO MINERALS
1. MAGNESIUM
2. POTASSIUM
3. SULFUR
4. MANGANESE
5. ZINC
6. IRON
7. COPPER
8. MOLYBDENUM
9. SELENIUM
10. IODINE
11. COBALT
ALL OF THESE SALTS MAY BE OBTAINED SYNTHETICALLY, AND ARE USUALLY VEHICLE WITH EACH OTHER IN
THE FORM OF A MIXTURE WITH VITAMINS AND ADDED TO THE FEED AT A FIXED RATE (FOR EXAMPLE, FROM
2 TO 4 KG PER 1,000 KG).
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
BEST TOGETHER
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