fallacies of amphiboly, equivocation & composition
Post on 29-Dec-2015
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FALLACIES OF Amphiboly, Equivocation & Composition
Fallacy of Amphiboly• An ambiguity which results from ambiguous
grammar• From uncertainty of the grammatical
construction rather than of the meaning of the words
• A sentence whose grammatical structure permits different interpretations
• Relies on grammatical structure to confuse or mislead an audience
Fallacy of Amphiboly• Examples:
The anthropologists went to a remote area and took photographs of some native women, but they weren't developed.
Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.blogorganon.blogspot.com
Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.grammarproject.blogspot.com
Fallacy of Amphiboly
Source: www.quotesworthrepeating.com
Fallacy of Equivocation• It is committed when a word/phrase with
at least two different meanings is used in a single argument
• Often confused with amphiboly• It is fallacious because it exploits the
multiple meanings most words have by using secondary meanings to lead to a false conclusion
Fallacy of Equivocation• Examples:A feather is light.What is light cannot be dark.Therefore, a feather cannot be dark.
Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.fallacydetective.com
Fallacy of Equivocation
Sources: www.trullyfallacious.com www.distractify.com
Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.reddit.com
Fallacy of Equivocation
Source: www.reddit.com
Fallacy of Composition• Fallacy of grammatical analogy• Treats a distributed characteristic as if it were
collected• Taking jointly what should be taken
separately• Form: A is part of B. A has property X.
Therefore, B has property X.
Fallacy of Composition• Examples:Everything, all of creation, is held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds are invisible so everything is invisible, too.Hydrogen is not wet. Oxygen is not wet. Therefore, H2O(l) is not wet.
Fallacy of Composition2 is a number.2+2 = 4.Therefore any number is equal to 4.
Person 1: Ui! Anong course mo?Person 2: BS Chemistry!Person 3: Wow! Ang tatalino niyo siguro!
Dr. Dela Cruz is a philosophy teacher.Dr. Dela Cruz is cool and awesome.Therefore, all philosophy professors are cool.
Fallacy of Composition
Sources: www.karinhowe.comwww.niyamaklogic.wordpress.com
Thank you!
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