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Fall Protection in
Construction
The content of this presentation is general in nature and provided to you for informational purposes only. The
information is derived from sources believed to be reliable and is offered as a resource to be used together
with guidance from your professional insurance, legal, and safety advisors in maintaining a loss prevention
program. ACUITY assumes no liability by reason of the information contained in this document. If you have a
specific concern, you should contact your professional insurance, legal, or safety advisors.
Senior Loss Control Representative
• 2010: 265 fall fatalities out of 774 total fatalities in
construction
• 2011: 259 fall fatalities out of 738 total fatalities in
construction
PLAN PROVIDE TRAIN
Covers fall hazards in construction except for the
following:
◦ Subpart L – Scaffolds
◦ Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks
◦ Subpart R – Steel Erection in Buildings
◦ Subpart S – Tunneling Operations
◦ Subpart V – Electric Transmission
◦ Subpart X – Stairways and Ladders
◦ 1926.105 – Erection of Tanks and Communication
Towers
1. Protection at or above 6’
2. Walking/working surfaces
inspected before work begins
3. Employees can only work on
surfaces strong enough to
support them safely
• Unprotected sides and edges
• Leading edges
• Hoist areas
• Holes
• Formwork and reinforcing steel
• Ramps, runways, and other walkways
• Excavations
• Dangerous equipment
• Overhand bricklaying
• Roofing – low sloped
• Roofing – steep
• Precast concrete erection
• Residential construction
• Wall openings
• Walking/working surfaces not “otherwise
addressed”
• OSHA rescinded the interim guidelines for
residential fall protection
• Residential contractors must now follow same
requirements in Subpart M – 6’ being the trigger
height
• Exception: If using the required fall protection
system is unfeasible or creates a greater hazard,
the employer must instead develop and implement
a written site-specific fall protection plan
• OSHA does not consider “economic infeasibility”
to be a basis for failing to provide conventional fall
protection
• There is a presumption that it is feasible and will
not create a greater hazard to implement at least
one of the fall protection systems listed in
1926.501(b)(13)
Protect from falling through, tripping or stepping
into, and object falling through
COVER
2x Max Intended Load
Guardrails, fences, or barricades should be
erected around the excavation if not readily seen
• Less than 6’ – guardrail system or equipment
guards
• Greater than or equal to 6’ – guardrail system,
PFAS, safety net system
• Low sloped roofs rise 4 units or less for every run
of 12 units
• Guardrail system
• Safety net system
• PFAS
• Combination of above with a warning line
• Warning line with a safety monitor
• May be used on flat and low-sloped roofs
• Safety monitoring should be used sparingly
• Employees must comply promptly with warnings
and directions
• For use on flat or low-sloped
roofs and along rake edges
of steeper roofs
• Must be at least 6’ back from
edges (10’ when mechanical
equipment is used)
• Lines must remain between
34-39” apart
• Must have a minimum tensile
strength of 500 lbs.
6 feet
Free
Work
Zone
Warning Line
Roof Perimeter
6 f
ee
t
6 feet6 feet
Free Work Zone
Warning Line
• Steep-sloped roofs have a pitch greater than 4
and 12
• Require guardrail system with toe boards
• Safety net system
• PFAS
Parapets must be at least 39” high or roof fall
protection must be provided.
• Guardrail system
• Safety net system
• PFAS
• Fall protection plan
• Greater than or equal to 6’ above lower levels
• And inside bottom edge of opening is less than
39” above walking/working surface
Less than 39”
Must wear hard hats and use:◦ Toe boards, screens, or guardrails
◦ Canopy
◦ Barricades
• Top rail must be 42” above the working or walking
level, plus or minus 3”
• Midrails must be midway at 21”
• Supporting members
• Toe board
• Top rail: 200 pound force
• Midrail: 150 pound force
• Toe board: 50 pound force
• Surfaced to prevent injury
• No projection hazard at rail ends
• No steel or plastic banding
• Wire rope – ¼” diameter and flagged every 6’
• Installed < 30’ below working level
• Bridges – fall area to net unobstructed
• 400-lb drop test or certified by employer or competent person
• Extends sufficiently from the outer edge1926.502(c)(2) specifies the distance
• Inspected at least weekly
• Objects removed as soon as possible
• Border rope strength of 5000 lb
Three types of PFA systems◦ Work positioning
◦ Fall restraint
◦ Fall arrest
• No body belts for fall arrest
• Competent person – inspections
• Prompt rescue
OSHA Standard 1926.502 (d)◦ Several requirements for the three types of fall arrest
systems and their use, based on type and application
◦ Reference the standard
◦ Vendors that provide your equipment
◦ ACUITY Loss Control for assistance
• Limit free fall to two feet
• Anchorage point > 3000 lbs
• Inspected before each use
• Safety belts OK for this use
• Erected around all sides of the roof area
• Erected at least 6’ from the edge if no mechanical
equipment is used
• Access points formed by two warning lines
• Access point must be closed off when not in use
• Consist of ropes, wires, chains, and supporting
stanchions
• Must be flagged every 6’
• Lowest point (including sag) not less than 34” and
not more than 39”
• Only roofing employees allowed between roof
edge and the warning line
• An area in which certain work (e.g., overhand
bricklaying, leading edge work, precast concrete
erection) may take place without the use of a
guardrail system, personal fall arrest system, or
safety net system, and access to the zone is
controlled
• Several provisions for CAZ with specifics for each
found under 1926.502(g) in the OSHA standards
• Allowed for leading edge work
• Precast concrete erection
• Residential construction
• OSHA does not consider “economic infeasibility”
to be a basis for failing to provide conventional fall
protection
• Prepared by a qualified person
• Site specific
• Changes made by a qualified person
• Plan must be kept on site
• Implemented by competent person
• Document why conventional fall protection
systems are not feasible
• Discuss measures used to protect the workers
• Identify all controlled access zones
• Where no other measures are used, a safety
monitor must be used
• Indentify all controlled access zones to the
employees
• Plan must be reviewed if there is an employee fall
or near miss
Sample fall plans are provided in OSHA Standard
Subpart M – Appendix E for:
◦ Residential construction
◦ Precast concrete erection
• There must be a training program that assures
each employee has been trained
• The employer must verify that employees are
trained by written documentation
• Retraining is required when the employee does
not have the understanding and skill required to
safely perform fall protection activities
• 6’ trigger height for fall protection
• Active fall protectiono Guardrail systems
o Hole covers
o Warning lines
• Passive fall protectiono Fall restraint
o Fall arrest
o Safety nets
• Fall protection plan ◦ Least preferred method
◦ Allowed on leading edge, precast erection, and
residential construction
◦ Must be site specific and employer has the burden to
show that conventional fall protection systems are
infeasible
• Employee trainingTraining program must be provided with written
documentation maintained
• For further assistance
◦ Call your agent
◦ Contact ACUITY Loss Control at 800.242.7666
◦ Send an email to ACUITYEducation@acuity.com
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