falconbrook school

Falconbrook Primary School, P4C and Learning

‘We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of

change. And the most pressing task is to teach people how to learn.’

Peter Drucker, 1909–2005(Described by Business Week as ‘the man who

invented management’)

jamesnottingham.co.uk challenginglearning.com

What P4C does is give children the intellectual,

social and emotional tools that they need to think well, to think judiciously and reasonably and, by means of the classroom

community of inquiry, foster the care,

commitment and courage to act on their thinking.

Co-creator of P4C: Anne Margaret Sharp

Novice Beginner ProficientCompetent Expert

The Dreyfus Model of Skill AcquisitionB

asis

for A

ctio

n

Need routinesCan read the context

Need generalised rules and structures as a guide

Quality management systems can be very helpful

If something goes wrong, blame the system or senior people Little personal responsibility in this context

Novice: rule-governed behaviour

Beginner: hungering for certainty

Starting to notice patterns Wishing things were more predictable Looking for “the book” or “the expert” to provide the answers Feel limited personal responsibility

Efficient and organised Can assess relative importance and urgency Can readily describe and explain actions Feel personal responsibility for outcomes

Competent: planned & analytical

Proficient: strategic and able to read context

Seldom surprised, have learned what to expect Have organised knowledge into wise sayings Sometimes forget to explain complexities of the big picture to analytical competent colleagues Rapid, fluid, involved, intuitive type of behaviour

Highly intuitive, based on huge store of wisdomGreat capacity to handle the unexpectedHighly nuanced behaviour, very context specificOften there are no words to describe expert

performance, and often it is subconscious anywayHard to fit this into quality systemsPerformance drops if generalised rules are imposedUsually does not make for good teaching of novices,

but great for teaching competent people

Expert: right thing at the right time

Most P4C sessions begin with a stimulus

Example question starters

What is … playing?How do we know what is …

What if …

Always or never

When would …

What is the difference between …

Is it possible to …

Who decides what is …

Should we …

Socratic questions

Are you saying that …?Can you give us an example of …?

Why do you say that …?What reasons support your idea?

Are you assuming that …?What would happen if …?

How could we look at this in a different way?What alternatives are there to this?

Wouldn’t that mean that …?What are the consequences of that?

Clarify

Reasons

Assumptions

Viewpoints

Effects

ANALYSEANTICIPATEAPPLYCAUSAL-LINKCHOOSECLASSIFYCOMPARE CONNECTCONTRASTDECIDEDEFINE

DESCRIBE DETERMINEDISCUSSELABORATEESTIMATEEVALUATEEXEMPLIFYEXPLOREGENERALISEGIVE EXAMPLESGIVE REASONS

GROUPHYPOTHESISEIDENTIFYINFERINTERPRETORGANISEPARAPHRASEPREDICTQUESTIONRANKREPRESENT

RESPONDSEQUENCESIMPLIFYSHOW HOWSOLVESORTSUMMARISESUPPORTTESTVERIFYVISUALISE

A selection of thinking skills

136

Another principle of P4C

Not all of our questions answered …… but all of our answers questioned

21

?

Developed during World War II, MBTI is a personality indicator designed to identify personal preferences

In a similar way to left or right-handedness, the MBTI principle is that individuals also find certain ways of thinking and acting easier than others

Sensing

Introversion

Judging

Thinking

Intuition

Extroversion

Perceiving

Feeling

Evidence Gut feeling

Think to talk Talk to think

Definite Possible

Logic/Reason Empathy

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Number of words heard by children

A child in a welfare-dependent family hears on average 616 words an hour

A child in a working-class home hears on average 1,251 words an hour

A child in a professional home hears on average 2,153 words an hour

Number of words spoken by the time children are 3

500

700

1100

Hart & Risley, 1995

By the time they start school in the UK …

Some children start school knowing 6,000 words.

Others, just 500 words.

Rowntree Foundation

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8013859.stm

Mozart – a child prodigy?

Intelligence is not fixed (Binet, 1909)

Alfred Binet1857 - 1911

‘Some recent philosophers have given their moral approval to the deplorable verdict that an individual’s intelligence is a fixed quantity, one which cannot be augmented. We must protest and act against this brutal pessimism … it has no foundation whatsoever.’

Middle class kids have better learning genes

Dweck & Hattie: We should focus on progress, not rank order

92

85

73

64

43

32

90

86

78

70

41

35

90

85

84

78

40

34

Assessment capabilities begin with …

ReadyFireAim

What’s the point?Learning IntentionsSuccess CriteriaInitial instruction

First attempts by children

Formative assessment and a focus on progress

Learning Intentionso To find out what links the Vikings with North East England

What is the point of this lesson and will I make progress?

Success Criteriao Know when and where the Vikings came fromo Identify names and places associated with the Vikingso Ask relevant questions

Vikings Rape & pillage

Horned helmets

Longships

Norse language

AD 700 - 1100Why did they

attack Lindisfarne?

Dragon ships

Did they believe in God?

GateBairns

LadTarn

Thriding

Marzano – groups of 3 work best

Informal

Formal

Long-term

Vikings Rape & pillage

Horned helmets

Longships

Norse language

AD 700 - 1100Why did they

attack Lindisfarne?

Dragon ships

Captured Yorvik in 866

Dead warriors went to Valhalla

Eric Bloodaxe died in 954

Gods included Odin, Thor, Frigg & Loki

King Cnut ruled England

from 1016

Did they believe in God?

GateBairns

LadTarn

Thriding

Learning Intentionso Understand the process of hazard analysis and how it applies to food

Success Criteriao Use technical vocabulary o Identify a wide range of types of hazard o Communicate coherently

Year 7 – Food Unit

challenginglearning.com

p4c.coop

james@p4c.com

@JamesNottinghm