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Extended Abstract Book International Conference on Computer, Communication,
Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering
IC4ME
2-2016
24 ~ 25 March, 2016
Organized by
Faculty of Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Extended abstract book of International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering, IC4ME2-2016.
Copyright © 2016, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Contact Information:
Dean Faculty of Engineering University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
Tel: +880 721 711125 Fax: +880 721 711131 e-mail: dean.engineering@ru.ac.bd Alt. e-mail: dean.engineering.ru@gmail.com
URL: www.ru.ac.bd/ic4me2-2016
Foreword On behalf of the IC4ME2-2016, I warmly invite you to the International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering, IC4ME2- 2016, at the green premise of the University of Rajshahi during 24~25 March, 2016.
The IC4ME2-2016 is the second of its kind hosted by the Faculty of Engineering of University of Rajshahi. The IC4ME2-2016 continues the successful format from previous years ICMEIE-2015. While having the same overarching goal of presenting cutting-edge results, ideas, techniques, and theoretical advances in the mentioned theme, the IC4ME2-2016 is separately tasked by focusing on emerging topics that complement the areas covered by the main technical program.
The objective of organizing this conference is to bring together leading scientists, researchers and scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Chemical Engineering and IT, and discusses the practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.
The international character of this meeting is illustrated by the participation of researchers from Fiji, Germany, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Among the huge number of submissions only 56% have been accepted for publication. The conference includes 6 keynote speeches, 2 invited papers and 89 contributed papers distributed in 1 plenary session and 15 oral sessions.
The information presented herein should help open up new avenues for research and provide researchers of the mentioned themes with new ideas to help them improve their production efficiency. We thank the reviewers from various countries who did this thankless job even in their busy schedule.
The editorial team of this book deserves special thanks for their outstanding efforts in reviewing and preparing the abstracts for publication. Sponsorship for this meeting is an important feature of its success. On behalf of the organizing committee of IC4ME2-2016, we thank the University Grants Commission of Bangladesh for their support to promote the meeting.
Finally, we would like to thank the presenters for their willingness to share their latest research and ideas. Without their efforts, this conference would not be possible. We hope you will enjoy your staying at very beautiful campus of the University of Rajshahi.
Abu Bakar Md. Ismail, PhD Chair International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering, IC4ME2-2016 Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
Contents
Program Schedule 10
Organizing Committee 13
International Advisory Committee 13
Technical Program Committee 15
Reception Committee 17
Budget, Finance and Sponsor Committee 17
Registration Committee 18
Publication Committee 18
Decoration and Discipline Committee 19
Accommodation Committee 19
Social Event and Tour Committee 20
Food and Refreshment Committee 20
Paper ID Title
Keynote Simulation of Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coefficients of Perforated Panels with/without Glass Wool by Transmission Line Parameters in a two-port Network
21
Takayoshi Nakai Keynote Settlement of Crystalline Structure of Group II-VI Semiconductor Nanoparticles by Profile
Refinement Technique and Size Determination by Tight Binding Model 21
Surendra K. Gautam Keynote Readerless RFID Transponder: A Concept 22
Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz Keynote Science, Technology and Innovation: For Engineering Our Future 22
Aravind Chinchure Keynote Progress of Low-Temperature Fabrication Technologies of Thin Film Transistors for
Preservation of Global Environment 23
Susumu Horita Keynote Factors that Facilitate and Impede Hitherto Untried R&D in Engineering 24
Sisil Kumarawadu Invited Water-in-oil Microemulsions as Nanoreactors to Prepare Nanoparticles with Tunable
Electrical, Optical, and Antibacterial Properties 25
Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan, M. Muhibur Rahman and M. Yousuf A Mollah Invited Physics and Technology in Radiation Oncology and Imaging 25
Golam Abu Zakaria 3 Epitaxial Growth of MnAl Films with CrRu Buffer layer 27 M. A. I. Nahid, Mikihiko Oogane, Hiroshi Naganuma, Miho Watanabe and Yasuo Ando
5 Fabrication of Cardiac Biomarker Immunosensor based on Three Different Electrode Surfaces and Contrasting Their Efficiencies
28
Payal Gulati, Prabhash Mishra and Safiul Islam 9 Simulation of the Electrical Activity of Cardiac Tissue by Finite Element Method 29 Tanzina Rahman and Md. Rezaul Islam
10 Baking of Ilmenite on Moistening with Sulfuric Acid followed by Leaching with Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solution
30
Ranjit K. Biswas, Aneek K.Karmakar, Jinnatul Ara and Muhammad A. Gafur
Paper ID Title
11 Thermal Treatment of Ilmenite on Moistening with Concentrated HF followed by Leaching with Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solution
31
Ranjit K. Biswas, Mohammad A. Habib, Aneek K. Karmakar and Mohammad J. Alam 12 Solvent Extraction of V(V) from Nitrate Medium by Tri-n-Octylamine Dissolved in
Kerosene 32
Ranjit K. Biswas, Aneek K. Karmakar and Mottakin 13 Kinetics of Extraction of Ti(IV) from SO4
2- Medium by Cyanex 301 Dissolved in Kerosene 33 Ranjit K. Biswas and Aneek K. Karmakar
14 Temperature Dependence Magnetoresistance of Fe73.5 –Cu1 –Ta3 –Si13.5 –B9 Magnetic Alloy
34
M. Z. Ahsan, F. A. Khan and M. Perven 16 Production and Improvement of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil to be Utilized as Biofuel in Diesel
Engine 35
Md. Nurul Islam and Md. Rafsan Nahian 23 A Comparative Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Co Thin Films Deposited on
GaAs (100), Si (100) and Glass Substrates 36
Nafisa Ahmed, A. A. M. Rayhan Kabir, Md. Nahid Akter Shafi and Md. J. Islam 24 Biological Evaluation of Radiotherapy Treatment Plan for Different Field Techniques in 3-
Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT). 37
Kausar A, Azhari H A and Zakaria G A 25 Design of a Linearly Polarized Multi-Band Transmission Line Feed Microstrip Patch
Antenna for Wireless Communications 38
Sheikh Dobir Hossain, Md. Khalid Hossain and Rebeka Sultana 26 Design and Fabrication of an Unmanned Video Transmitting Tele-Bot using 3G GSM
Network 39
Md. Mamunoor Islam and Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury 29 Effect of Sintering Temperature on Nb+Nd Doped Bismuth Ferrite 40 Sadia Tasnim Mowri, M A Gafur, Quazi Delwar Hossain, Aninda Nafis Ahmed and
Muhammad Shahriar Bashar
30 Silicon Nanocrystals Rich Lanthanum Fluoride Films for Future Electronic Devices 41 Ferdous Rahman, Sk. Rashel Al Ahmed, Md. Golam Saklayen and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
41 Study on the Displacement Effect at Cylindrical Ionization Chamber with different Radii in High Energy Photon of Flat Beam and True Beams
42
Kumaresh Chandra Paul, Guenther H Hartmann, Enamul Hoque and Golam Abu Zakaria 42 Electrical and Optical Properties of Cu-Nanoparticles- Doped α-Fe2O3 Thin Film Spin-
Coated on Glass Substrate 43
Sanjida Ferdous, Afroza Yasmin, Jinia Sultana and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail 43 Study on Morphological Properties of Cu-NPs Doped α-Fe2O3 Thin Film deposited on Glass
Substrate 44
Jinia Sultana, Afroza Yasmin, Sanjida Ferdous and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail 45 Study on the Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System based on Histogram Technique 45 Rebeka Sultana, Shamim Ahmad and Md. Khalid Hossain
Paper ID Title
47 MRI Segmentation using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition
46
Gulam Sarwar Chuwdhury, Md. Khaliluzzaman and Md. Rashed-Al-Mahfuz 48 Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated Polyoxymethylene
Copolymer (POM-C) 47
Md. Shahinur Rahman, Heon-Ju Lee, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury and Konstantin
Lyakhov
49 Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Pyrolised CuO Films 48 M. Majhar, S. Ahmed, M. Mozibur Rahman and M. K. R. Khan
52 Algorithm for Performance Appraisal using CAW Method 49 M. Z. Ahsan and Md. Mamun-Ur-Rashid Khandker
53 Dynamic Power Management by Reinforcement Learning 50 Safayet Hossain, Muhammad Adnan Ibn-Ismail and Muhidul Islam Khan
56 Friction and Morphological Properties of Ion Implanted Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)
51
Md. Shahinur Rahman, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury and
Konstantin Lyakhov
58 Analysis of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) of North-Western Region of Bangladesh
52
Ahsan Habib Rasel, Md Monirul Islam and Mumnunul Keramat 60 Assessing Driving Stress using Custom Built Real-Time Sensors 53 Nova Ahmed, Saad Azmeen-Ur-Rahman, Rahat Jahangir Rony and Md. Tanvir Musfique
62 Bitwise Template Fusion of Noisy Images for Enhanced IRIS Recognition System 54 Sohel Ahammed and Biprodip Pal
65 Kinetics of Extraction of Ti(IV) from Sulfate Medium by Cyanex 302 55 Ranjit K. Biswas and Aneek K. Karmakar
66 Autonomous Human Face and Tracking System with Variant Poses, Blur and Illumination 56 Md. Zweel Rana, Monimul Islam and Mohiuddin Ahmad
67 Electrochemical Corrosion Characterization of Artificially Aged Al-6Si-0.5Mg (-1Cu) Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution
57
Abul Hossain, M. A. Gafur, Fahmida Gulshan and A S W Kurny 69 Effects of Inclusions on the Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel Reinforced Bars 58 Abul Hossain, Fahmida Gulshan and A S W Kurny
72 Utilizing Solar Energy in the Filling Stations of Bangladesh: Technical and Economical Representation
59
Mohammad Jalal Uddin, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury, Md. Ridwanul Karim, Md.
Arman Uddin and Md. Bakiuzzaman
74 Conversion of Prawn Shell Waste into Value Added Products for Textile Finishes 60 Md. Mofakkharul Islam, Firoz Ahmed and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
75 Textile Performance of Functionalized Cotton Fibre with Silane Coupling Agents 61 Md. Khademul Islam, Md. Abdul Aziz and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
76 Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Higher Yield from Corn (Zea mays L.) Husk
62
Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin, Md. Abu Sayeed, Md. Abu Raihan Ali and
Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Paper ID Title
77 Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogels from Cellulosic Materials for Green Adsorbent Products
63
Md. Obaidul Haque, Md. Abu Sayeed and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal 83 Study the Encryption Techniques for Multimedia 64 Md. Martuza Ahamad and Md. Ibrahim Abdullah
84 Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Deposition of SiO2 Films from Reaction of Silicone Oil Vapor and Ozone Gas
65
Arifuzzaman Rajib, Susumu Horita, Atowar Rahman and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail 85 An Improved Representation of Audio Signal in Time-Frequency Plane 66 Kazi Mahmudul Hassan, Ekramul Hamid and Takayoshi Nakai
86 On the Optimization of Number of Message Copies for Multi-Copy Routing Protocols in Scalable Delay-Tolerant Networks
67
Md. Sharif Hossen and Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim 90 Emotional Bangla Speech Signals Classification using K-NN 68 Md. Tohidul Islam, Md. Ekramul Hamid and Somlal Das
92 Content Based Image Searching Using Multidimensional MSF 69 Saiful Islam, Ekramul Hamid and Emdadul Haque
93 Silicon Nanocrystals based Schottky Junction Solar Cell Fabrication and Characterization 70 A.T.M. Saiful Islam, Md. Enamul Karim, Arifuzzaman Rajib and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
95 Fabrication and Characterization of α-Fe2O3 Homo-Junction Photocathode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
71
Arifuzzaman Rajib, Atowar Rahman, A.T.M. Saiful Islam and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail 96 Human Recognition based on Adaptive Background Mixture Models and Improved
Histogram of Oriented Gradients 72
Shayhan Chowdhury and Kaushik Deb 97 A Practical Approach to Spectrum Analyzing Unit using RTL-SDR 73 Md. Habibur Rahman and Md. Mamunoor Islam
101 Fabrication of Bismuth Ferrite Multiferroic Perovskite Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Organic Gel Route
74
Mayeesha Haque, M. S. Parvez, M. S. Islam, M.A. Hakim and M. A. Gafur 102 Purification, Characterization and Anti Proliferative Activity of A Lectin Isolated from
Mulberry Seeds 75
Mst. Jesmin Sultana, Syed Rashel Kabir and M.Taufiq Alam 105 Analysis of GLDAS data for Estimating and Distribution of Evapotranspiration and
Rainfall over Bangladesh 76
Md Ataur Rahman, Md Mainul Islam Mamun and Md Monirul Islam 113 Robustification of Logistic Classifer for Binary Classification in Microarray Gene
Expression Data 77
Md. Shahjaman, Md. Mushfiqur Rahman, Md. Manir Hossain Mollah, Anjuman Ara
Begum, S. M. Shahinul Islam and Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
115 Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of a-Defensin Peptides in Vertebrates 78 Arafat Rahman, M Sahidul Islam, Otun Saha and Titon Chandra Saha
117 Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria Protect the Spoilage of Functional Foods 79 Md. Symoom Hossain, Md. Abdul Alim Al-Bari, Mir Imam Ibne Wahed and
Md. Anwar Ul Islam
Paper ID Title
124 Preparation of Highly Cross-Linked Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles and Application in the Separation of Arsenic from Water
80
M. K. Sharafat, H. Ahmad, M. A. Alam and M.M. Rahman 125 Preparation of Hydrophobic Poly((lauryl methacrylate)-Coated Magnetic Nano-Composite
Particles and their Application as Adsorbents for Organic Polutants 81
Rukhsana Shabnam and Hasan Ahmad 126 Statistical Methods for Functional Analysis of Metagenomes 82
Zobaer Akond and Md. Nurul Haque Mollah 127 Simulation of Microalgae and CO2 Flow Dynamics in a Tubular Photobioreactor and
Consequent Effects on Microalgae Growth 83
Saumen Barua, Mohammad Morshed Alam and Ujjwal Kumar Deb 129 MLE based Robust ICIM for QTL Analysis with Backcross Population 84
Md Amanullah, Md. Mamun Monir, Md. Jahangir Alam, Md. Alim Hossen, Mita Khatun
and Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
137 Evaluation of PCA in spatial, frequency and wavelet domains for face recognition 85 Samsi Ara and M. Babul Islam
139 Time-Frequency Coherence Analysis of Multichannel Electroencephalography signalsusing Synchrosqueezing Transform
86
Md. Sujan Ali, Mst. Jannatul Ferdous, Md. Ekramul Hamid and Md. Khademul Islam
Molla
142 Experimental Study on Optical Characterization of Mono Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell 87 Nusrat Chowdhury, Md. Abdur Rafiq Akand and Zahid Hasan Mahmood
143 Canonical Correlation Analysis for SNP based Genome-Wide Association Studies 88 Atul Chandra Singha, Arafat Rahman, Md. Jahangir Alom and Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
148 Frequency Recognition of SSVEP for BCI Implementation using Canonical Correlation Analysis with Adaptive Reference Signals
89
Shalauddin Ahamad Shuza, Md. Rabiul Islam, Md. Kislu Noman and Md. Khademul Islam
Molla
151 Expert Reviewer Detection from Online Experiential Product Reviews 90 Atiquer Rahman Sarkar
152 Satellite Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Variation over Bay-of-Bengal 91 Md. Monirul Islam and Md. Mainul Islam Mamun
153 FPGA based Pulse Oximeter using VHDL 92 Farhana Binte Sufi, Md. Fahmidur Rahman and Md. Maruful Islam
156 A Comparative Study of Optimization of Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Technologies for Power Grid Integration and Off-Grid Operation
93
Salman A. Chowdhury, Mobasseer M. Hossain and Md. Abu Sayem 157 Microbial Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aspergillus Foetidus and its
Cytotoxicity against A549 Cell 94
Swarup Roy and Tapan Kumar Das 158 Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solution onto Charred Vetiver Root 95
Bhoj Raj Poudel and Surendra K Gautam 159 Study on Determining the Average Size and Structure of Nanoparticles 96
Deval P Bhattarai and Surendra K Gautam
10
Program Schedule
Conference Kit Distribution
23 March, 2016 11:00 am – 02:00 pm
05:00 pm – 08:00 pm
Conference Room
Department of CSE
4th
Science Building
University of Rajshahi
24 March, 2016 08:00 am – 08:50 am Senate Bhaban
University of Rajshahi
Inaugural Session 24 March, 2016 09:00 am – 9:45 am Senate Bhaban
University of Rajshahi
Keynote Session 24 March, 2016 10:00 am – 11:30 am
11:45 am – 01:15 pm
Senate Bhaban
University of Rajshahi
Invited Talk 24 March, 2016 03:00 pm – 04:00 pm Senate Bhaban
University of Rajshahi
Technical Session 24 March, 2016 04:30 pm – 06:00 pm 4
th Science Building
25 March, 2016 09:00 am – 12:30 pm 4th
Science Building
Keynote Session: 24 March, 2016 10:00 am - 1:15 pm Room # Senate Bhaban
Chair: Prof. M. Abdus Sobhan, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Title
Simulation of Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coefficients of Perforated Panels with/without Glass Wool
by Transmission Line Parameters in a Two-Port Network
Takayoshi Nakai
Settlement of Crystalline Structure of Group II-VI Semiconductor Nanoparticles by Profile Refinement
Technique and Size Determination by Tight Binding Model
Surendra K. Gautam
Readerless RFID Transponder: A Concept
Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz
Science, Technology and Innovation: For Engineering Our Future
Aravind Chinchure
Progress of Low-Temperature Fabrication Technologies of Thin Film Transistors for Preservation of Global
Environment
Susumu Horita
Factors that Facilitate and Impede Hitherto Untried R&D in Engineering
Sisil Kumarawadu
11
Invited Talk: 24 March, 2016 03:00 pm - 4:00 pm Room # Senate Bhaban
Chair: Prof. Mamun Bin Ibne Riaz, Kebangsaan Universiti, Malaysia
Title
Water-in-oil Microemulsions as Nanoreactors to Prepare Nanoparticles with Tunable Electrical, Optical, and
Antibacterial Properties
Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan, M. Muhibur Rahman and M. Yousuf A Mollah
Physics and Technology in Radiation Oncology and Imaging
Golam Abu Zakaria
Technical Session
Session Chair Date & Time Paper ID Venue
1A Prof. Khademul Islam Molla
University of Rajshahi
24 March, 2016
04:30 pm – 6:00 pm
62, 85, 90, 92, 137,
148
Room # 219
4th
Science Building
1B Dr. Surendra Kumar Gautam
Tribhuvan University, Nepal 10, 11, 16, 65, 74, 75
Room # 223
4th
Science Building
1C Dr. Susumu Horita
JAIST, Japan 3, 14, 23, 29, 30, 42
Room # 122
4th
Science Building
1D Prof. Abdur Razzak
RUET
25, 26, 83, 97, 151,
153
Room # 120
4th
Science Building
2A Prof. Md. Rabiul Islam
RUET
25 March, 2016
09:00 am – 10:30 am
45, 47, 52, 53, 66, 96 Room # 120
4th
Science Building
2B Prof. C. M. Mostofa
University of Rajshahi
12, 13, 67, 76, 77,
101
Room # 219
4th
Science Building
2C Dr. Riazul Islam
University of Dhaka 43, 48, 49, 56, 69, 84
Room # 223
4th
Science Building
2D Prof. Abu Reza
University of Rajshahi 113, 126, 129, 143
Room # 122
4th
Science Building
3A
Prof. Golam Abu Zakaria
Anhalt University of Applied
Sciences, Germany
25 March, 2016
11:00 am – 12:30 pm
5, 9, 24, 41, 60, 139 Room # 120
4th
Science Building
3B Prof. Ranjit K Biswas
University of Rajshahi
102, 115, 117, 125,
127, 157
Room # 219
4th
Science Building
3C Prof. Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan
University of Dhaka
93, 95, 124, 156,
158, 159
Room # 223
4th
Science Building
3D Prof. Mamnunul Keramat
University of Rajshahi
58, 72, 86, 105, 142,
152
Room # 122
4th
Science Building
12
13
Organizing Committee
Chair : Abu Bakar Md. Ismail, Ph.D
Dean, Faculty of Engineering & Professor
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Co-Chair : Professor Dr. Ranjit Kumar Biswas
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Secretary : Professor Mamun Ur Rashid Khandker
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Treasurer : Professor Dr. Dipankar Das
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Members:
Chairman, Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman, Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman, Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman, Dept. of Materials Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Mozaffor Hossain,
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Abdus Sobhan
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. Mumnunul Keramat
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Rostom Ali
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Mamunur Rashid Talukder
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Khademul Islam Molla
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Engr. S. M. Rezaul Kabir
Principal, BCMC College of Engineering & Technology, Jessore
International Advisory Committee
Professor Dr. Surendra K. Gautam
Tri-Chandra Campus
Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Professor Dr. Sisil Kumarawadu
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Dr. D.M.G. Preethichandra
Discipline Leader – Electrical Engineering
School of Engineering and Technology
Central Queensland University, Australia
14
Professor Dr. Keikichi Hirose
Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Keiji Nagai
Associate Professor
Chemical Resource Laboratory
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Dr. Wu Ping
Associate Professor
Division of Engineering Product Development
Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
Professor Dr. Md. Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz
Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering
University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Professor Dr. Hartmut Baerwolff
Dept. of Analog & Optoelectronics
Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Professor Dr. Tomokazu Iyoda
Chemical Resource Laboratory
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Professor Dr. Norihiko Kamata
Dept. of Functional Materials Science
Graduate School of Science and Engineering
Saitama University, Japan
Professor Yousuke Nakashima
Plasma Research Center
University of Tsukuba, Japan
Dr. Susumu Horita
School of Materials Science
Japan Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Japan
Professor A B M Shawkat Ali
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
Dean, School of Science and Technology
The University of Fiji, Fiji
Dr. Golam Zakaria
Dept. of Medical Radiation Physics
University of Cologne, Germany
Anis Haque, Ph.D, P.Eng.
Senior Instructor
Fellow, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy (ISEEE)
Associate Director of Students
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Calgary, Canada
Dr. Mohammad Abdul Fazal
Senior Lecturer
University of Malaya, Malaysia
15
Technical Program Committee
Co-Chair : Professor Dr. C. M. Mostofa
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Secretary : Professor Dr. Shamim Ahmad
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Members:
Professor Dr. Md. Ariful Islam Nahid
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Shameem Ahsan
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Taufiq Alam
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. Ekramul Hamid
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. A. K. M. Akhter Hossain
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
Dept. of Statistics, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. Md. Ziaur Rahman Khan
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, BUET
Professor Dr. Zahid Hasan Mahmood
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University
Professor Dr. M. M. A. Hashem
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, KUET
Professor Dr. Mohammad Abdul Goffar Khan
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, RUET
Professor Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, KUET
Professor Dr. Shahid Uz Zaman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, RUET
Professor Dr. S. M. Abdur Razzak
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, RUET
Professor Dr. Md. Anisur Rahman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Khulna University
Professor Dr. Mohammad Shahidur Rahman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology
Professor Dr. Mohammad Iqbal
Dept. of Industrial & Production Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology
Professor Dr. Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, MIST
Professor Dr. Mortuza Ali
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Eastern University, Dhaka
16
Professor Rezaul Karim Mazumder
Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, ULAB, Dhaka
Professor Dr. Jugal Krishna Das
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Jahangirnagar University
Professor Dr. Farid Ahmed
Dept. of Physics, Jahangirnagar University
Professor Dr. Md. Shahjahan
Dept. of Applied Physics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, BSMRSTU
Professor Dr. M. Mahbubur Rahman
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, Islamic University
Professor Dr. M. Maniruzzaman
Dept. Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Islamic University
Professor Dr. Momtazul Islam
Dept. Applied Physics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Islamic University
Dr. Bilkis Ara Begum
Head, Chemistry Division, BAEC, Dhaka
Dr. Shamshad Begum Quraishi
Chief Scientific Officer, Chemistry Division, BAEC, Dhaka
Dr. Samia Tabassum
Senior Scientific Officer, BCSIR, Dhaka
Dr. M. Babul Islam
Associate Professor, Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. Md. Shafiqul Islam
Associate Professor, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Dhaka University
Dr. Md. Atowar Rahman
Associate Professor, Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. Md. Nur-Al-Safa Bhuiyan
Associate Professor, Dept. of Information & Communication Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. Sabbir Ahmed
Associate Professor, Dept. of Information & Communication Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. Md. Emdadul Haque
Associate Professor, Dept. of Information & Communication Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. Asadul Hoque
Associate Professor, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya
Associate Professor, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. G. M. Shafiur Rahman
Associate Professor, Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mr. Subrata Pramanik
Associate Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mr. Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Associate Professor, Dept. of Information & Communication Engg., University of Rajshahi
Dr. N. A. Ruhul Azad
Lecturer & Programme Leader for Engineering Foundation, LBIC, Brunel University, UK
17
Dr. Md. Iqbal Aziz Khan
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mr. Mahboob Qaosar
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mr. A. F. M. Mahbubur Rahman
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mr. M. Rashed Al Mahfuz
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Reception Committee
Convener : Professor Rostom Ali
Dept. of Applied Chemistry& Chemical Engineering
University of Rajshahi
Members:
Chairman
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Chairman
Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor M. Mozaffor Hossain
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. M. Abdus Sobhan
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Dr. Mumnunul Keramat
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Budget, Finance and Sponsor Committee
Convener : Professor Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
Dean, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Md. Ekramul Hamid
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor M. Ahsan Habib
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. G. M. Shafiur Rahman
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
18
Dr. Nur Al Safa Bhuyan
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Registration Committee
Convener : Professor Mamun Ur Rashid Khandker
Dept. Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Shameem Ahsan
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Babul Islam
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Sabbir Ahmed
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Iqbal Aziz Khan
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mahboob Qaosar
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Publication Committee
Convener : Professor Shamim Ahmad
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Dr. M. Babul Islam
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Md. Emdadul Haque
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Sabbir Ahmed
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Asadul Hoque
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Anik K Karmakar
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Foez Ahmed
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
A.F.M. Mahbubur Rahman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
19
Farhana Binte Sufi
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Sangeeta Biswas
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Decoration and Discipline Committee
Convener : Professor Md. Ekramul Hamid
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Rubaiyat Yasmin
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Abdul Matin
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Halida Homyara
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Sinthia Shabnam Mou
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mahboob Qaosar
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Sanjoy Kumar Chakravarty
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Sangeeta Biswas
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Shammi Farhana Islam
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Saiful Islam
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mousumi Haque
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Accommodation Committee
Convener : Dr. M. Babul Islam
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Shamim Ahmad
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Professor Md. Ekramul Hamid
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Mirza A. F. M. Rashidul Hasan
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Md. Asadul Haque
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Sabbir Ahmed
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
20
Md. Morshedul Arefin
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Khairul Islam
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Sajjadul Kabir
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Social Event and Tour Committee
Convener : Professor Shaikh Enayet Ullah
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Syed Mustafizur Rahman
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Atowar Rahman
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya
Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Utpalananda Chowdhury
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Sajjadul Kabir
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Food and Refreshment Committee
Convener: Professor Md. Rezaul Islam
Dept. Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Members:
Professor Dr. M. Mamunur Rashid Talukder
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering
Professor Abu Zafor Muhammad Touhidul Islam
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Aurangzib Md. Abdur Rahman
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya
Dept. of Materials Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dr. M. Hasnat Kabir
Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Md. Rokonuzzaman
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Abu Mohammad
Dept. of Materials Science & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Dilip Kumar Sarker
Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi
21
Simulation of Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coefficients of
Perforated Panels with/without Glass Wool by Transmission Line
Parameters in a two-port Network
Takayoshi Nakai
Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Shizuoka University, Japan
ABSTRACT
This paper describes simulation of normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of
perforated panels by transmission line parameters in a two-port network. Maa and
Sakagami have investigated micro perforated panels, MPP. But their theories can treat
only near 1% perforation rates of perforated panels with back cavities. If sound
propagates as a plane wave, sound propagation can be represented as transmission line
parameters in a two-port network. Perforated panels, back cavities, and glass wool
absorption materials are represented as matrix of transmission line parameters,
respectively. Transmission line parameters of a perforated panel with a back cavity are
calculated as multiplication of their matrices. An input impedance can be calculated
from the transmission line parameters. A normal incident absorption coefficient is
calculated from the input impedance. Holes of the perforated panels have losses of
viscous friction and thermal conduction at their walls. Simulations are done in the
condition of 0.25 mm to 5 mm diameters of holes, 0.25 % to 25 % perforation rates,
0.5 mm to 5 mm thickness of the perforated panels with back cavities in which there
are or are not glass wool absorption materials. The results of these simulations are
good agreements with the results of our measurements by transfer function method
except in the condition of more than 1 mm diameter of holes.
Settlement of Crystalline Structure of Group II-VI Semiconductor
Nanoparticles by Profile Refinement Technique and Size
Determination by Tight Binding Model
Dr. Surendra Kumar Gautam
Department of Chemistry
Tribhuvan University, Nepal
ABSTRACT
Group II-VI semiconductor nanoparticles have gained huge interest both in
fundamental research and technical applications due to their unique optical and
electrical properties. They have extensive range of applications in the field of opto-
electronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), bio-sensors, photo-detectors,
solar cells etc. The properties of such semiconductor nanoparticles are dependent on
22
their crystal structure and size. The settlement of crystalline structure of those
nanoparticles is done by profile refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The
size quantization effect and blue-shift resulting in the change of band gap with
crystalline size are studied from optical absorption spectra. Particle sizes are calculated
by Tight Binding (TB) model. The verification of particle size and the crystalline
structure of as-synthesized nanocrystals are further carried out from Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM) images and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED)
patterns.
Readerless RFID Transponder: A Concept
Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz
Professor
Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Bangi, 43600 Selangor
Malaysia
ABSTRACT
RFID is a technology that enables the non-contact, automatic and unique identification
of objects using radio waves. It is projected that the RFID market will be worth more
than US $25 billion in 2018. However, RFID system suffers from limited address
space, local mobility, security and privacy. Above all, it is a monopoly business with
few vendors, which are trying to dominate the market with proprietary standard of
RFID reader. In order to overcome this major issue, we are proposing an RFID tag
communicating with the existing wireless network interface card (WNIC) instead of
the reader. In this novel RFID transponder, IPv6 address will be used to provide a
universal identification number to the objects with seamless address space, global
mobility and data security. The existing EPC (Electronic Product Code) of RFID will
now directly map into IPv6 address by using auto configuration method. This talk will
mainly focus on different key issues related to this readerless RFID system and
suggests the mechanism of reducing significant cost, physical location detection and
usage of global unique address.
Science, Technology and Innovation: For Engineering Our Future
Aravind Chinchure
Chair Professor
Centre for Enterpreneurship & Innovation Symbiosis International University
Pune, India
ABSTRACT
Every third person in this world today subsists with income less than 2 dollars a day.
23
Majority of these people live in Asian countries. The rising socio-economic inequality
and climate change are posing biggest risk to the world. The world is also moving
towards knowledge-based competencies and industries where the emphasis is not on
tangible assets, but on intangible knowledge assets, which is good news for the
developing countries. Today, world’s major knowledge industries are based on
telecommunication, microelectronics, new materials, and information technology. This
offers a great opportunity to researchers from academia and industry from Asian
countries to appropriately engineer the future of the nation and society by developing
innovative solutions to cater to the needs of the people for the sustainable and inclusive
development. To reap the full benefit of the emergence of knowledge-based industry
requires building a new culture in academia and industry that seamlessly connects
science, technology and innovation with relevance. This talk provides several
examples of academic institutions, professors, researchers who have been able to
successfully leverage science, technology and innovations for national and social good.
I will also present new ideas that are emerging and debated in the world on the cost-
conscious frugal science and technology.
Progress of Low-Temperature Fabrication Technologies of Thin
Film Transistors for Preservation of Global Environment
Dr. Susumu Horita
Associate Professor
School of Materials Science
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
ABSTRACT
Low-temperature fabrication technology can contribute enhancement of preservation
of global environment due to reduction of not only power or natural source
consumption but also greenhouse effect. So, as an example, we have been studying on
low-temperature fabrication of poly-or microcrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films on
temperature-sensitive and cheap substrates. The appropriate applications of poly Si are
thin-film transistor (TFT) in an active matrix flat panel display, solar cells, and so on
because of its higher reliability and higher mobility. For future application, industry
requires shorter annealing time, lower annealing temperature, more uniform electrical
property such as mobility, threshold voltage, and so on in a whole substrate area. For
meeting these requirements, we have been investing solid-phase crystallization of Si
film on a glass by using pulsed laser annealing(PLA) with crystallization-induction
(CI) layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia [(ZrO2)1-x(Y2O3)x :YSZ]. PLA method can
crystallize Si films effectively at room temperature because of its short pulse duration
time less than 10 ns. The YSZ CI layer can transfer its crystalline information to
crystallized Si on a glass so that we can obtain higher and more uniform crystalline
quality of Si films.
24
As another important technology for TFT, we have low-temperature fabrication of
insulator, e.g, oxide film, in particular, for gate layer. Our group uses atmospheric
pressure CVD (AP-CVD) with silicone oil and ozone gas to obtain Si oxide. As you
know, silicone oil is a safety material for human body, chemically stable, and cheap,
and ozone is an indispensable substance for global environment. By using this
technology, we can produce a SiO2 film at 200 to 300 0C.
In this conference, our previous and current research results on the above low
temperature technologies are presented, including new two-step method in PLA for
much improving film quality and characteristics of Si TFTs fabricated by the above
techniques.
Factors that Facilitate and Impede Hitherto Untried R&D in
Engineering
Dr. Sisil Kumarawadu
Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
ABSTRACT
Completing a research & development (R&D) or postgraduate research project
requires stamina, determination, and willingness to stretch your intellectual and
emotional capabilities. An unmistakable initial momentum is vital to avoid stall out at
some point when working on a research project as it may lead to feel as if there is no
light at the end of the tunnel, or encounter disappointments or unexpected setbacks, or
even embarrassments. Not to be confused with procrastination or self-doubt, which is a
mental road-block, second-guessing at the conception of the R&D project is to guess,
predict or anticipate what you will encounter during the project duration and what you
will finally end up with. This is quite challenging as the research project opportunities
that come along the way of a researcher are rarely repetitions of previous experiences
(hitherto untried). Right second-guessing requires some quality time for an effective
literature review process, peer consultation, reflection, mulling things over and sitting
with your thoughts. The speaker intends to use his close to two decades long
experience in academic and industrial research projects as well as at postgraduate and
undergraduate levels to discuss, with some real world examples, the factors that
facilitate and impede hitherto untried R&D efforts in engineering & technology.
25
Water-in-oil Microemulsions as Nanoreactors to Prepare
Nanoparticles with Tunable Electrical, Optical, and Antibacterial
Properties
Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan
Professor
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials with tunable electrical, optical and antibacterial properties have been a
fascinating domain of current research for their promising application in diverse areas.
In this work, we report preparation, characterization and applications of metal and
metallic oxide nanoparticles, core@shell nanoparticles and polymer-nanocomposites
from water-in oil (w/o) microemulsions as nanoreactors. Attempts have been made to
tune electrical, optical and antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles and
nanocomposites by controlling parameters for preparation of w/o microemulsions.
Physics and Technology in Radiation Oncology and Imaging
Golam Abu Zakaria
Professor
Department of Electrical, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Koethen, Germany
ABSTRACT
Medical Physics is the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to
medicine or healthcare. On the other hand, biomedical engineering is the application of
engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare.
Medical physicists and biomedical engineers play a vital and often leading role for any
medical research team. Their activities cover some key areas such as cancer, heart
diseases and mental illnesses. In cancer treatment, they primarily work together on
issues involving imaging and the radiation oncology. Thus the medical
physicist/biomedical engineer plays a mandatory role in every radiation oncology
team.
The capability of controlling the growth of any cancer with radiation dose is always
associated with the unavoidable normal tissue damage. Accordingly, many physical-
technical developments in radiotherapy facilities are aimed to give a maximum
radiation dose to tumour cells and – at the same time - minimize the dose to the
surrounding normal tissue.
26
For that reason, 60-Co irradiation units were developed in the 50ties and medical linear
accelerators in the following decades. Last but not least, neutrons, protons and even
heavier ions have also been applied. At the same time, treatment calculation and
delivery methods have continuously been improved from conventional multi-beam
techniques to tumour shape conformal methods such as radio surgery, Intensity
Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT), Stereotactic
Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) tomotherapy and brachytherapy (BT).
The concentration of dose to tumour requires precise information of the shape and the
anatomical geometry of the tumour within the body. The techniques providing such
pieces of Information in a visible form is summarized by the term “Imaging”. X-ray
has played a dominant role almost from the time of its discovery in 1895. Up to now,
the use of x-rays has been extended to tomographic imaging with Computer
Tomography (CT) and other imaging modalities like Ultrasound (US), Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) which have been
developed over the last decades. By their combined use, the required information level
on the clinical tumour target volume for radiotherapy has been tremendously raised.
The physical and technical development of radiation oncology and imaging are
discussed in this talk covering aspects of biology as well.
27
Epitaxial Growth of MnAl Films with CrRu Buffer Layer
M. A. I. Nahid1, Mikihiko Oogane
2, Miho Watanabe
2, Hiroshi Naganuma
2, and Yasuo Ando
2
1 Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2 Ando Lab, Dept. of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
*mainahid@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: L10 material, magnetic anisotropy.
The utility of perpendicular MTJ of L10 class
material is promising in future anticipated spin RAM
and STT-RAM devices. In order to fabricate such a
device with higher recording density, it is requisite to
have rare-earth-free magnetic material with the
combination of magnetic properties of high Ku, low MS
and low damping constant (). In such considerations,
-phase MnAl is one of the potential L10 materials[1].
However, the -phase MnAl is metastable in bulk and
easily broken into other phases, which is not
ferromagnetic. The MnAl in thin film form is very
sensitive to the growth temperature, substrate and
buffer layer. We tried various substrate and buffer layer
and found that the -phase MnAl films were epitaxially
grown using CrRu buffer layer on MgO(100) substrate
at growth temperature (TS) ranging from 250C-350C.
The magnetic and structural properties of MnAl alloy
thin films were studied as a function of TS ranging from
150C-500C.
The MnAl films of 40 nm were fabricated using dc
sputtering in a high vacuum of base pressure 2×10-7
Torr on MgO(100) substrate with 50 nm CrRu buffer
layer. The saturation magnetization (MS) and the
effective magnetic anistotropy (Keff) are estimated from
the hysteresis loops. They are plotted as a function of
substrate temperature in fig. 1. At lower TS, the MS and
Keff are relatively small and maximum at 300C and
then decreases. One can estimate, the uniaxial magnetic
anisotropy from the Keff and MS by
equation,22 SeffU MKK . The maximum value
of KU is obtained at 300C of about 2×106 erg/cc which
is comparable to the other reports. The films grown at
300C possess higher magnetic anisotropy constant of
about 2×106 erg/cc. The saturation magnetization in
that sample is obtained about 470 emu/cc. In order to
study the structural properties, the /2 scan x-ray
diffraction of the MnAl films were carried out at the
various TS. In the samples, TS=250C-350C, the (200)
CrRu buffer layer peak is clearly observed.
Figure 1. The saturation magnetization (MS) and effective
magnetic anisotropy constant (Keff) with the variation of TS.
The lattice constant based on the (200) peak is
about 2.77Å. With 45 angle the lattice constant, a of
CrRu is obtained about 3.91 Å, which is very close to
the bulk lattice constant value of MnAl. The lattice
misfit in this case is about 0.7%. At the TS range from
250 to 350C, two peaks of MnAl films are observed at
about 25.3 and 54.4. These peaks correspond to (001)
and (002) of -phase MnAl. Above TS >350C, there is
no peak of MnAl that corresponds to -phase of MnAl.
At TS=300C, the integrated intensity ratio of (001) and
(002) peak is maximum suggesting the higher ordered
sample. The magnetic anisotropy is also maximum in
that case. Therefore it is understood that there is a
strong correlation between structural and magnetic
properties of the MnAl film which can be tuned by the
growth temperature.
[1] Hosoda et al., J. Appl Phys. 111, 07A324 (2012).
Paper ID: 3
28
Fabrication of Cardiac Biomarker Immunosensor Based on Three Different
Electrode Surfaces and Contrasting Their Efficiencies
Payal Gulati, Prabhash Mishra and S.S.Islam*
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
* sislam@jmi.ac.in
KEYWORDS: CVD, AMI, PS, GCE, GPMS, ITO, CV, EI, Ag-Ab Immun-ocomplex.
Due to increased threat of Cardio-vascular disease
in this modernized world because of bad eating habits,
there is a requirement for the early detection of
biomarkers related to cardiac abnormalities.
Accordingly, a peculiar label-free electrochemical
immunosensor is developed for the detection of Acute
Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and for few other cardiac
related disorders. Myoglobin being the small size
protein is released in the bloodstream soon after the
commencement of AMI. For the immunosensor
fabrication, three types of electrodes were used porous
silicon, glassy carbon electrode and indium tin oxide
coated glass. All the electrodes were functionalized
with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPMS) for
18 hour at room temperature resulting in highly
reactive epoxy groups on the electrode surface which
promptly reacts with amino group of the Monoclonal
Anti-Myoglobin Human antibody at 4∘C for 24 hour.
To block the non- binding sites on the electrode surface
BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) treatment was done on
their surfaces for 1hour at room temperature. Finally
sensing on the electrode surface was done after
immobilizing with the Antigen (Myoglobin from
Equine Heart) for 1hour at room temperature in a linear
range from 0.01µg/ml to 1µg/ml.
Cyclic Voltammetry technique was applied to study
the stable Antigen-Antibody immune-complex
formation using three- electrode configuration. All the
electrodes responded to the stepwise changes done on
their surface but out of these, glassy carbon electrode
was found to be highly sensitive as it showed more
current change with respect to small change in the
antigen concentration (as shown in fig1). This
Electrochemical Immunosensing (EI) technique has
certain advantages over other hospital diagnosis
methods like easy to fabricate, low cost, less time
consuming, early detection, and miniaturization which
does not require an expert person to handle this task. EI
technique is suitable for biological prognostics as
electrical signals obtained from the biomolecules
reaction are electrochemical in nature thereby
rendering it a good sensitive and reliable method.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.060
0.065
0.070
0.075
0.080
0.085
0.090
GCE
I (m
A)
Myoglobin Conc. (microgm/ml)
PS
ITO
Figure 1. Current v/s Myoglobin Conc. plot achieved from
cyclic voltammetry studies
Paper ID: 5
29
Simulation of the Electrical Activity of Cardiac Tissue by Finite Element Method
Tanzina Rahman* and Md. Rezaul Islam
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
*tanzinaapee@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Electrical activity of heart, Bidomain &Monodomain model, Finite element method.
The electrical activity is responsible for the periodic
contraction and relaxation cycle of the human heart.
Significant implications of simulating electrical
activities are helpful to understand cardiac
abnormalities like cardiac arrhythmias. Mathematical
modeling of heart provides a better understanding for
the complex biophysical phenomena related to
electrical activity in the heart.
Various electro-physical models have been developed
to simulate electrical properties of cardiac tissue. The
bidomain model represents the cardiac tissue at a
macroscopic scale by relating the transmembrane
potential, the extracellular potential and the ionic
currents.
Monodomain model is used to simulate the electrical
activity of cardiac tissue. It has reduced complexity
than bidomain model. In this model, it is assumed that
the anisotropy of the intracellular and extracellular
spaces is the same, i.e. that the conductivity in the
extracellular space is proportional to the intracellular
conductivity. A Galerkin finite element (FEM) is used
to discretize the monodomain model equation.
Different methods are used to simulate the electro-
physical models. But FEM is used because it provides
better approximate than other methods such as finite
difference method and many more.
The heart tissue is divided into different nodal elements
to simulate the propagation of excitations at a uniform
time step. The surface plot which is shown in the figure
1 represents how excitation is propagated in the cardiac
tissue.
The surface plot represents the propagation of
excitation for 35×35 nodal numbers. In case of 35×35
nodal elements current above the threshold value is
applied to the middle node of the square mesh grid and
less than threshold value to the others node. The
diffusion coefficient dx along the fibers and dy
perpendicular to the fibers but not in the plane. The
value of dx is more than dy. The excitations from the
middle nodes propagated to the nearby horizontal and
vertical nodes. The propagation of excitations along the
horizontal axis is more than the vertical.
It is because value of dx is more than dy. The potential
of those nodes changes consequently.
Figure 1. Propagation of excitation for 35× 35 nodal
elements.
After a uniform time interval, the excitations reached at
the end of the nodes. Then the process started from the
initial condition. Figure-1 consequently shows the
process.
This work has been able to create some insights about
the electrical behavior of human heart, revealing the
nature of the excitation, propagation pattern in the
cardiac tissue. Generating an efficient numerical
solution of these models is a challenging task, and in
fact the physiological accuracy of tissue-scale models
is often limited by the efficiency of the numerical
solution process
Paper ID: 9
30
Baking of Ilmenite on Moistening with Sulfuric Acid Followed by Leaching with
Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solution
Ranjit K. Biswas1*, Aneek K. Karmakar
1, Jinnatul Ara
1 and Muhammad A. Gafur
2
1Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Pilot Plant and Project Development (PPPD) Division BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh
* rkbiswas694@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Ilmenite, H2SO4, Baking, Leaching, Chloride feed.
Metallic titanium and its alloys are extensively used in
air-craft industry for their high strength and low
density. These can be prepared by reduction of pure
TiO2. TiO2 also finds application in pigment, plastic,
paper, textile, rubber and ceramic industries. Pure or
pigment grade TiO2 was manufactured earlier from
rutile (naturally occurring TiO2) by the chloride
process, in which, TiCl4 was distilled out on heating
rutile together with coke in presence of Cl2 gas
followed by its decomposition in air to TiO2 and Cl2
gas. By the present time, reserve of rutile on the earth
crust is depleted off, and consequently, now the
titanium industry solely depends on ilmenite. If
ilmenite, on dissolution, forms a solution containing all
Ti and Fe present in it, then the uses of solvent
extraction, selective precipitation, thermal hydrolysis,
filtration and ignition steps may produce pigment grade
TiO2. Otherwise, Fe from ilmenite can be preferentially
removed from ilmenite to get synthetic rutile for the
chloride process. In the first method, the partial
leaching of both Ti and Fe from ilmenite results in low
yield of TiO2 manufacture. The method for complete
dissolution of ilmenite is still unpublished.
As it is very difficult to dissolve ilmenite
quantitatively, hundreds of paper and patents are
available on its dissolution using various ways and
techniques. But none from H2SO4-baking. A new, easy
and attractive technique for ilmenite dissolution is
described in this work. In this work, ilmenite has been
moistened with conc. H2SO4, baked (heated) at a
temperature near the boiling point of H2SO4 and then
leached with very dilute solution of H2SO4. The
optimized baking temperature and time are found to be
300o C and 30 min (for ilmenite to H2SO4 wt. ratio of
1), respectively. The single stage baked mass can be
leached by 0.10 mol/L H2SO4 solution at its boiling
temperature under reflux and at ilmenite to liquid ratio
of 0.01 g/mL for 20 min to extract ~86% Fe and only
1.1% Ti from ilmenite. On the other hand, the 3-stage
baking and 1-stage leaching (Figure 1) remove as much
as 97% Fe and only 2.4% Ti. The residue left after 3-
stage baking and 1-stage leaching is almost white and
identified as rutile (Figure 2), which can be regarded as
a very good quality Chloride feed for manufacture of
pigment grade TO2. Reasonable low temperature and
time required in baking, together with the requirements
of very low concentration of H2SO4 and time in
leaching will attract technologists of this field to adopt
this technique for almost complete removal of Fe from
ilmenite to produce Chloride feed grade TiO2.
Figure 1. Effect of stage-wise baking. Wt. of H2SO4 added in
each stage = 1 g, baking time =30 min, baking temperature
= 200o C (open symbols) and 300o C (closed symbols),
leaching time = 20 min. (,), Ti4+; (,), Fe3+; (,),
Fe2+; (,), Total Fe (Fe3+ + Fe2+).
Figure 2. SEM images of (a) H2SO4 - baked mass and (b)
residue obtained on leaching of H2SO4 - baked mass.
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
80
100
Number of baking stage
Wt.
% o
f m
etal
s
dis
solv
ed
Paper ID: 10
31
Thermal Treatment of Ilmenite on Moistening with Concentrated HF followed by
Leaching with Dilute Sulfuric Acid Solution
Ranjit K. Biswas1*, Mohammad A. Habib, Aneek K. Karmakar
1, and Mohammad J. Alam
1
1Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rkbiswas694@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Ilmenite, HF, H2SO4, Baking, Leaching, Chloride feed.
The beach sand of Bangladesh contains considerable
amount of ilmenite, zircon, monazite etc. These are
fractionated at the BAEC‘s Pilot Plant of Beach Sand
Exploitation Centre at Kalatali, Cox‘s Bazar. Ilmenite
is now the principal source of TiO2 - widely used as
white pigment in paint industry. In order to process
ilmenite for the manufacture of TiO2, it is necessary to
decompose it completely or partially by acid. However,
as it is very difficult to dissolve ilmenite (FeTiO3)
quantitatively, enormous studies on ilmenite
dissolution have been patented and published. The
objective of this work is to apply a new technique for
dissolutions of both Ti and Fe, or dissolution of either
Fe or Ti, preferentially, from ilmenite.
In this process, ilmenite has been moistened with conc.
HF, heated at a higher temperature (150-225 C), and
the resultant mass has been leached with dilute sulfuric
acid solution at its boiling temperature under reflux.
The optimized baking temperature and time are
determined to be > 170 C and 20 min (for ilmenite to
HF wt. ratio of 1), respectively. The baked mass can be
leached by 0.50 mol/L H2SO4 solution at solid to liquid
ratio of 0.01 g/mL for 1 h to extract 37% total iron and
7% Ti from ilmenite sample. The stage-wise baking
and single stage leaching improve total iron dissolution
and decrease titanium dissolution (Fig. 1). About 37%
Fe-dissolution from the 1st stage baked mass is
increased to 97% Fe-removal from the 6th
stage baked
mass. On the other hand, 7% Ti-dissolutions from the
1st to 4
th stage baked mass are decreased to ~4.3% Ti-
dissolution from the 6th
stage baked mass.
Comparison of the XRD patterns and SEM images
(Fig. 2) of mother ilmenite with those of the residue
obtained on 96% Fe-removal indicate that ilmenite and
related crystals are completely destroyed to form an
amorphous - almost white product containing most of
titanium in the sample. As the residue contains only
4% originally present iron of the sample, it can be
regarded as a good quality feed material for the
Chloride process of pigment grade TiO2 manuracture.
Figure 1. Effect of stage-wise baking on metals dissolution
from ilmenite. Wt. of ilmenite sample = 1 g, particle size = <
53 µm, amount of concentrated HF added to moisten ilmenite
= 1 g in each stage, baking temperature = 200oC, leaching
agent = 100 mL 0.5 M H2SO4, leaching temperature = boiling
temperature, leaching time = 1 hour.
Figure 2. SEM images of (a) Ilmenite sample and (b) residue
left after leaching of HF - baked mass.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
20
40
60
80
100
Wt.%
of m
eta
ls d
issolv
ed
Number of baking stage
() Total
Fe
() Fe3+
() Fe2+
() Ti4+
() Total Fe
() Fe3+
() Fe2+
() Ti4+
(a)
(b)
Paper ID: 11
32
Solvent Extraction of V(V) from Nitrate Medium by Tri-n-Octylamine Dissolved in
Kerosene
Ranjit K. Biswas*, Aneek K. Karmakar and Mottakin
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rkbiswas694@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Extraction, stripping, V(V), TOA, loading, NO3--medium.
Technologically important metal, vanadium, is
usually recovered from petroleum fly ashes, tar sand
fly ashes, black shales, hydrodesulphu-rization waste
catalysts, carnotite etc. using roasting, leaching,
extraction-stripping, precipi-tation and reduction steps.
On leaching V dissolves either as V(IV) or V(V);
which are easily inter-transferrable. Extraction
behavior of VO2+
is simple in nature for absence of its
species variation with pH; but that of V(V) is complex
in nature for its extensive species variation with pH.
V(V) exists as VO2+ at pH<1 and starts to hydrolyse
and polymerise with increasing pH to form species,
such as, VO(OH)3, V10O26(OH)24-
, V10O27(OH)5+
,
V10O286-
, V3O93-
etc. within the acidic region. As a
result, extraction of V(V) is little investigated from
mechanistic point of view, though there are reports on
its separation from other metal ions by several
extractants. Consequently, this system is studied from
mechanistic view point.
Tri-n-octylamine (TOA) is found to extract V(V)
rapidly; equilibration time is only 5 min. The extraction
ratio is found to increase with initial [V(V)] in the
aqueous phase and [TOA] in the organic phase. The
variation of extraction ratio with pH is crucial, as
presented in the embodied figure:
Figure 1. Effect of equilibrium and initial pH on extraction.
[V(V)](ini) = 0.50 g/L, Temp. = 300 K, O/A = 1, time = 10
min; [TOA] = 0.10 mol/L.
The variation of extraction ratio with pH(eq) is not
sharp within pH(eq) of 1-2; but it is considerably sharp
within pH(eq) of 2-5. Distribution of different V(V) –
species with pH is collected from literature; and their
extraction equilibrium reactions have been suggested to
guess the expected pH-dependence values at various
pH-values. The calculated pH dependences of -0.5 to -
0.6 in pH(eq) region of 3 to 5 are observed in log D vs.
pH(eq) plots. So the suggested extraction equilibrium
reaction holds good.
The variation of extraction with [NO3-] can be
expressed by a relation: log D = const. + log
1+1.82[NO3-]); where, the value of constant depends of
experimental parameters used. This equation suggests
that the extraction is independent of [NO3-] in its lower
concentration region, but is directly proportional to
[NO3-] in its higher concentration region. With the rise
of temperature, extraction ratio decreases; so the
process is exothermic with H value of -58 kJ/mol.
TOA exhibits a very high loading capacity towards
V(V). 1 mole of TOA can load as much as 2.3 mole
V(V). The extracted V(V)-species can be stripped by
0.75 mol/L NH4OH solution to the extent of 72%; and
the stage-wise stripping is not so effective.
Vanadium(V) can be effectively extracted by TOA
solution in the equilibrium pH region of 1.5-2.5 with
high loading capacity of 2.3 mole V(V)/mole TOA.
1 2 3 4 5 6-2
-1
0
1
2
32 3 4 5 6
log D
pH(ini)
pH(eq)
Paper ID: 12
33
Kinetics of Extraction of Ti(IV) from SO42-
Medium by Cyanex 301 Dissolved in
Kerosene
Ranjit K. Biswas* and Aneek K. Karmakar
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rkbiswas694@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Kinetics, extraction, Ti(IV), Cyanex 301, Lewis cell.
In a previous paper, the partitioning of Ti(IV)
between SO42—
H2O/Cyanex 301-kerosene-5% (v/v)
heptan-1-ol has been reported from the equilibrium
view point. This paper deals with the same system
from the kinetics point of view. For kinetic
measurement, a constant interfacial area stirred (Lewis)
cell operated at 3 Hz has been used. The rate per unit
area i.e. flux of Ti(IV) transfer from the aqueous to
organic phase is found to be directly proportional to
[Ti(IV)] in the aqueous phase (if [Ti(IV)] < 1.2 g/L)
and [HA] in the organic phase. It is inversely
proportional to the terms [1+447[H+]) and (1+1.8[SO4
2-
]). The rate constant at 293 K has been determined to
be 10-4.288
. The activation energy, Ea has been measured
to be 37-60 kJ/mol depending on experimental
parameters. The enthalpy change on activation, S± is
always highly negative (-127 to -205 j/mol K).
The empirical flux equation at 293 K can be split to
four different cases, i.e. case 1: at low concentration
region (lcr) of H+ and SO4
2-, case 2: at lcr of H
+ but at
higher concentration region (hcr) of SO42-
, case 3: at
hcr of H+ but lcr of SO4
2- and case 4: at hcr of H
+ and
SO42-
. Considering stability constants of existing
species, partitions of HA, H+ and A
- and acid
dissociation constant of HA, the flux equation in above
cases, take on the same form: F = constant [TiO2+
] [A-].
This equation indicates that the attachment of the first
anionic ligand (A-) to TiO
2+ for forming TiOA
+ is the
slowest step. The addition of 2nd
A- with TiOA
+ and the
diffusion of a reactant species to the reaction site or of
a product species from the reaction site are faster than
this step.
The Ea value of 37-60 kJ/mol indicate that
depending on experimental parameter, the process i.e.
either solely chemically control, or, intermediate
control. High negative S± values suggest that the rate
determining chemical reaction step as cited above
occurs via an SN2 mechanism, i.e. the attach of the 1st
anionic ligand (A-) on hydrated TiO
2+ to form higher
co-ordinated activated complex [TiO(H2O)nA]+ is
slower than the rate of dehydration step to form normal
co-ordinated [TiO(H2O)n-1A]+ and also the rate of
addition of 2nd
A- to form [TiOA2].
Figure 1. Effect of [Ti(IV)] and pH on its rate of forward
extraction by Cyanex 301. [SO42-] = 0.50 mol/L, [Heptanol](o)
= 5% (v/v), Area (Ai) = 0.00375 m2, O/A = 1 (O = 100 mL).
(), pH = 2.50, [Cyanex 301](o) = 0.40 mol/L, Temp. = 318
K; S = 0.95, I = -4.65; (), [Ti(IV)](ini) = 1000 mg/L,
[Cyanex 301](o) = 0.06 mol/L, Temp. = 293 K.
Figure 2. Effect of [Cyanex 301] and [SO4
2-] on its rate of
forward extraction by Cyanex 301. (), pH = 2.50,
[Ti(IV)](ini) = 1000 mg/L, Temp. = 293 K; S = 1.04, I = -
6.585; (), pH = 1.80, [Cyanex 301](o) = 0.40 mol/L,
[Ti(IV)](ini) = 1000 mg/L.
-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0-9.5
-9.0
-8.5
-8.0
-7.5
-7.0
-6.5
-6.0
-5.51.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
log (
F, km
ol/m
2s)
log {[Ti(IV)], mol/L
pH
-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0-9.0
-8.5
-8.0
-7.5
-7.0
-6.5-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
log
(F
, km
ol/m
2s)
log {[Cyanex 301], mol/L}
log {[SO2-
4], mol/L}
Paper ID: 13
34
Temperature Dependence Magnetoresistance of
Fe73.5 –Cu1 –Ta3 –Si13.5 –B9 Magnetic Alloy
M. Z Ahsan1*
, F. A. Khan2 and M. Perven
3
1Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216
2 Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000
*ziaul8808828@gmail.com
KEYWORD: FINEMET; Magnetic alloy; Normalized resistivity; Magnetoresistance; Microcrystallites.
The Fe-Si-B system exhibits superior soft magnetic properties and thus is very useful in magnetic devices such as EMI filters, current sensors, magnetic sensors, transformer core and magnetic shielding sheets as reported in various literatures. The magnetic alloy with composition of Fe73.5–Cu1–Nb3–Si13.5–B9 was first developed in the form of ribbon by Yoshizawa [1]. It crystallizes in the form of ultrafine grains of -Fe (Si) embedded in the remaining ferromagnetic amorphous matrix. Magnetoresistance (MR) is a magnetotransport property and guiding factor for determining soft magnetic behavior of this class of magnetic alloys. It is phenomenologically known as magnetostriction, which refers to the change of resistance with the applied magnetic field.Its value for Fe73.5–Cu1–Nb3–Si13.5–B9 magnetic alloy found to be nearly zero. This magnetic alloy system gives rise to outstanding magnetic softness and thereby commercially fabricated under the trade name of FINEMET as reported in 1999 [2]. Fe73.5 –Cu1 –Ta3 –Si13.5 –B9 is a similar magnetic alloy, prepared by rapid quenching technique in the form of ribbon, where Niobium (Nb) was substituted by Tantalum (Ta). Many investigations thus far have been performed of this magnetic alloy but significant temperature response on its magnetotransport properties are yet to be reported. As such, this paper intended to reporta comprehensive study on temperature dependent Magnetoresistance of Fe73.5 –Cu1 –Ta3 –Si13.5 –B9magnetic alloy and effect of tantalum (Ta) there on. The room temperature amorphousity of the sample was verified by JDX-8P GEOL X-ray diffractometer.Figur-1 illustrates X-ray diffraction pattern. Two broad peaks found to be within scanning angular range of 5
0 and 65
0, which conforms its bi-
phase nature. The magnetotransportproperties of the sample were studied as a function of temperature using conventional 4-probe technique. The sample exhibits semiconducting behavior at low temperature (35 – 295K) and metallic behavior at high temperature (350 – 700K). The MR found to increase with both the temperature and field in the low temperature range due to the ordering effect of microcrystallites in the
amorphous matrix. A significant dispersion of negative MR obtained at 700 K for the applied magnetic field of 4 KG due to more disorderliness of spins in the amorphous matrix of the sample. Its Zero Field Cool (ZFC) and field cool (FC) measurement demonstrates both the positive and negative slopes of MR below and above a critical transition temperature, 175 K as shown in Figure-2. Up to this critical temperature, the system makes a transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic and above this temperature from AFM to FM, which is an indicative of reentrant ferromagnetic phase, which leads to be used it in sensors and magnetic devices.
0 50 100 150 200 250 3001
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MR
Temperature (K)
References: [1] Yoshizawa, S. Oguma, K. Yamauchi, J. Appl. Phys. 64 (1988)
6044. [2] V. Franco, C.F Conde, A Conde, Magnetic properties and
nanocrystallization of Fe63.5Cr10 Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 alloy, Journal of
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 203 (1999) 60-62.
Figure-1: XRD Pattern
Figure-6: ZFC and FC Magnetoresistance graph in the
temperature range 40~265K
Paper ID: 14
35
Production and Improvement of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil to Be Utilized with Diesel
in CI Engine
Md. Nurul Islam* and Md. Rafsan Nahian
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* nurul50.ruet@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Solid tire waste, Pyrolysis, Crude pyrolysis oil, Improvement, Alternative fuel.
The standard of living, quality of life and development
of a nation depend on its per capita energy
consumption. Global energy supply that mainly
depends on fossil fuel is decreasing day by day due to
population growth. By the year 2100, the world
population is expected to be more than 12 billion and it
is estimated that the energy demand will be increased
by five times from present scenario. Besides
reservation of petroleum of the world will be nearly
exhausted by 2040. Due to the fossil fuel crisis, the
development of alternative fuel technologies are drawn
more attraction to deliver the replacement of fossil fuel.
Pyrolysis is one of the promising alternative fuel
technology that produces valuable oil, char and gas
product from organic waste. Approximately 1.5 billion
tires are produced each year in the world which will
eventually enter the waste stream representing a major
potential waste and environmental problem. In
Bangladesh, total waste tires generation of each year is
about 90000 tones. Conversion of these waste tires to
energy through pyrolysis is one of the recent
technology to minimize not only the waste disposal but
also could be utilized as an alternative fuel for internal
combustion engines. Early investigations report that
tire pyrolysis oil extracted from vacuum pyrolysis
method seemed to have properties similar to diesel
fuel. The crude pyrolysis oil begins to distill in 18 min
at 77o
C and ends in 110 min at 184o C. The highest
amount of oil is obtained in 90 min at 174o C. After
distillation, the distilled tire pyrolysis oil (DPTO) is
obtained 53.75% of the total crude tire pyrolysis oil
(TPO). Experimental studies are conducted in Rajshahi
University of Engineering & Technology on a single
cylinder four stroke air cooled diesel engine fueled
with two different blends, 25% distilled tire pyrolysis
oil and 75% diesel oil (DTPO 25), 50% distilled tire
pyrolysis oil and 50% diesel fuel (DTPO 50) & 75%
distilled tire pyrolysis oil and 25% diesel fuel (DTPO
75). The result of the performance of the engine
indicated that the thermal efficiencies of distilled tire
pyrolysis oil-diesel fuel (DTPO-DF) blends are slightly
lower compared to diesel fuel (DF) but convenient. At
0.45 KW brake power and 27%-part load, the thermal
efficiency is 9.5% for DF whereas for blending of
DTPO 25, DTPO 50 & DTPO 75, it is 9.498%, 9.398%
and 9.304% respectively.
Therefore, reduction in thermal efficiency is about
0.0212%, 1.07% & 2.06% for blending of DTPO 25,
DTPO 50 & DTPO 75 compared to DF.
Besides during tire pyrolysis, CO2, CO, SO2, NO2
gases are produced which are responsible for
environmental pollution. The main concern of this
paper is to produce and improve the properties of crude
pyrolysis oil by desulfurizing, distilling and utilize it
with diesel in CI engine to analyze the efficiency for
various compositions.
Paper ID: 16
36
A Comparative Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Co thin Films
Deposited on GaAs (100), Si (100) and Glass Substrates
Nafisa Ahmed1, A. A. M. Rayhan Kabir
1, M.N.A. Shafi2and J. Islam
1*
1Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
2Questsystem Limited, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
*johurul@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Magnetization, Coercivity, Interfacial resistance, Resistivity, X-ray diffraction.
Thin films of cobalt (Co) have been prepared by e-
beam evaporation technique on GaAs(100), Si(100)
and glass substrates at a pressure of about 3×10-4
Pa.
The GaAs(100) substrate was n-type Si-doped, with an
electron carrier concentration of 1×1024
m−3. On the
other hand, the resistivity of n-type Si(100) substrate
was 0.02 -cm. The thickness of the films ranges from
100 nm to 160 nm. The deposition rate of the films was
about 10 Ås-1
. The as-deposited films have been
annealed in open air for 5 hours at constant temperature
of 673 K. Electrical, magnetic and structural properties
of the films have been studied.
Electrical and magnetic measurements showed that
the interfacial resistance (IR) is present at Co/Si
interface. The IR is also present at Co/GaAs interface.
The coercivity of 100 nm annealed film on Si(100) is
225 Oe. To increase interfacial resistance of Co/Si, 5
nm Co is deposited on Si substrate and annealed in
open air at 673K for 5 hours. Then a film of 100 nm Co
is deposited on the previously annealed sample. The
final sample become Co(100 nm as-deposited)/Co(5
nm annealed)/Si(100)(hereafter referred to as sample-
1). The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Co film is
influenced by the interfacial resistance (IR). This
property is attractive for spin valve application. The
coercivity of the sample-1 is about 580 Oe. The
enhancement of coercivity is due the thicker interface
in sample-1.
Not only the interfacial resistance but also the
semiconductor substrate influence the magnetic
properties of ferromagnetic film.To study the effect of
annealing on magnetic properties, a Co film of
thickness 5 nm is deposited on GaAs(100) and
annealed in open air at 673K for 5 hours. Then a film
of 100 nm Co is deposited on the previously annealed
sample. The final sample become Co(100 nm as-
deposited)/Co(5 nm annealed)/GaAs(100) (hereafter
referred to as sample -2).The coercivity of the sample-2
becomes 240 Oe. The value of coercivity of the same
thick as-deposited Co film on GaAs (100) is 100 Oe.
The coercivity of 100 nm as-deposited Co film on glass
substrate is 50 Oe and increased to 100 Oe after
annealing.
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
-0.0010
-0.0005
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
Mag
neti
zati
on
, M
(em
u)
Magnetic Field, H (Oe)
B Sample-2
C Sample-1
Figure 1. Magnetization process of 100 nm Co thin film on Si
and GaAs substrate.
Electrical resistivity of 100 nm as-deposited Co
film is 4.35×10−6
-m at room temperature. The
resistivity of sample-1 is deceases to 0.42 ×10−6 -m
due to high value of IR present at Co/Si interface. The
change in resistivity of Co film on Si is metallic nature
but the change in resistivity of Co film on GaAs is
semiconducting nature.
To study the crystalline properties of the deposited film,
the XRD measurement is carried out at room
temperature.The XRD study reveals that the Co film grows
in hcp structure and is microcrystalline in nature.
Paper ID: 23
37
Biological Evaluation of Radiotherapy Treatment Plan for Different Field
Techniques in 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT)
Kausar A1, Azhari H A
1, Chaudhury S
2, Bhuiyan M A
2 and Zakaria G A
1,3
1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gono University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Oncology Centre, United Hospital Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Gummersbach Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University
of Cologne, 51643 Gummersbach, Germany
*abukausar79@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: 3DCRT, TCP, NTCP, Treatment plan.
The quality of radiotherapy treatment plan depends
on the physical as well as biological evaluation. The
purpose of the study is to evaluate the 3D radiation
treatment plan biologically in external beam
radiotherapy.
Biologically evaluated treatment plan quantifies the
tumor controlled by radiation dose and the minimum
probability of normal tissue complications as well as
biological factors that influence treatment outcomes.
The biological evaluation is based on the tumor control
probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication
probability (NTCP). The biological evaluation was
performed for Cervical and Prostate cancer treatment
plan for 4-field, 6-field, 7-field and 9-field techniques
using treatment planning system (TPS) VARIAN
ECLIPSE ARIA 11. Microsoft Excel was used for
calculating the biological evaluation of different field
techniques in both cases. The TCP calculation was
based on the Poisson statistics model. TCP model
generally rely on the assumption that tumor control
requires the killing of all tumor clonogens. Poisson
statistics predict that the probability of this occurring
is:
))(exp( DsNPTCP .......................(1)
Where, N=initial number of clonogens and Ps (D) =
cell survival fraction after a dose D.
The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)
was calculated according to the Lyman-Kutcher-
Burman (LKB) model:
dtt
tNTCP
)2
2exp(
2
1.............(2)
In both cases, the NTCP was calculated for bladder,
rectum and femoral heads. All parameters values both
in Poisson Statistics and LKB models were taken from
the patient data.
The TCP of cervical carcinoma for 4-field, 6-field,
7-field and 9-field are 1, 0.991743, 0.990757 and
0.991458 respectively and the NTCP values for bladder
and rectum for all fields are 0.01 and 1.00 and for right
& left femour is approximately 1.00 correspondingly.
Similarly, in prostate carcinoma, the TCP for four
different field techniques are 0.995872, 0.995848,
0.999777and 0.995907 respectively. However, the
NTCP of the bladder for four different fields are 0.99,
0.01, 0.99 and 0.01 respectively whereas the NTCP for
rectum and right & left femour are 1 for all fields. All
plan variants for both cases shows the satisfactory TCP
result (TCP≥0.5) but the NTCP is very higher than the
tolerance limit (NTCP≤0.05) for rectum, right & left
femour for both cases in all fields excluding of bladder
for cervix in all fields and for prostate of 6-field and 9-
field are within the tolerance limit.
Table 1. Results of biological parameters for four
different field techniques in cervical carcinoma.
Parameters 4field 6 field 7field 9field
TCP 1 .99171 .99075 .99145
NTCP Bladder 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
NTCP
Rectum
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
NTCP Lt.
femour
1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00
NTCP Rt.
femour
0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99
It was observed that the no treatment plan complies the
biological criteria, therefore, the biological evaluation
of treatment plan need to be practiced by the radiation
oncologist as well as the medical physicist. Moreover,
TPS should integrate the biological evaluation tools
and should be used appropriate parameters for
biologically selecting the best treatment plan.
Paper ID: 24
38
Design of a Linearly Polarized Multi-band Transmission Line Feed Microstrip
Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications
Sheikh Dobir Hossain1*, Md. Khalid Hossain
2 and Rebeka Sultana
3
1Dept. of Physics, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh
2Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
3Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
* dobir.aece@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Micro-strip Antenna, Smith Chart, Cavity Model, Dual Band Antenna, CST, DGS, Transmission
Line Feed.
A linearly polarized transmission line feeding dual band rectangular micro-strip patch antenna is designed for the applications in wireless communication. The microstrip antenna contains a rectangular patch on the upper layer of the dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 2.4 and there is a ground plane below the dielectric material. Here the introduction of cavity model with transmission line feed has the favor of low profile, high gain and wide bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna has overall size of 46.9 mm by 38.01 mm. It gives bandwidths of about 90 MHz and 115 MHz at the resonance frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 4.1 GHz respectively which are founded to be favorable for wireless communications. The electronic circuit miniaturization increases the importance of wireless communication systems. In commercial and government communication systems, it is required to develop a small size of antenna. This technological trend has focused on the development of micro-strip antennas (MSA) with low cost, minimal weight and low profile antenna which is capable of maintaining high performance over a large spectrum of frequencies. The disadvantageous features of MSA such lower value of efficiency, higher value of Q factor, poor polarization purity and spurious feed radiation have diminished their versatility. However, it is possible to improve the bandwidth (as long as 90 percent) and efficiency (up to about 35 percent) of a microstrip antenna by increasing the thickness of the dielectric materials with cavity model.
The proposed microstrip antenna shown in Figure1 is obtained using copper (annealed) rectangular patch of length 38.01 mm, width 46.9 mm and thickness 0.1 mm on the upper layer of the substrate whose thickness is 2.40 mm. Also there is a ground plane on the lower side of substrate with the thickness of 0.01 mm. Here we have introduced two I slots on the patch with length and width are 14.2 mm and 1.4 mm respectively to obatain the dual band antenna operate at the resonance frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 4.1 GHz respectively.
The studied parameters of the designed antenna are return loss (RL), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), smith chart, directivity and gain. The RL indicates how amount of power is lost in the load and does not return as a reflection. Our proposed antenna shows the return losses of -21.25 dB and -27.5 dB at the resonance frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 4.1 GHz, respectively. As it is lower than
the acceptable value of return loss i.e. -10 dB so the designed antenna is perfectly matched and the power loss is minimum. The parameter VSWR determines how well the antenna is matched. Our designed antenna shows the VSWR are of 1.3883 at 2.45 GHz and that of 1.0825 at 4.1 GHz frequency which is below 2 (desired value for good antenna). Hence our designed antenna is perfectly matched with minimum loss. The study of smith chart is very important during the design of a MSA. Using smith chart it is possible to obtain proper impedance matching between antenna and transmission line feeding. The impedance of our designed dual band antenna is 49 ohms which is approximately equal to the desired value of 50 ohms, indicating the minimum power loss.
Figure 1. Geometry of dual band MSA.
The directivities of our designed antenna are 7.2 dBi in positive Z direction with angular width of 75.7 deg and 6.3dBi at an angle 49.0deg from positive Z direction with angular width of 68.5 deg at the resonance frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 4.1 GHz respectively and the gains are 6.698 dB and 6.797 dB at those frequencies, respectively which agree well with the previous results. In this paper, firstly we have looked on the design and simulation of single band antenna and then extend it to dual band antenna. Here we have studied return loss, VSWR, smith chart, directivity, gain, bandwidth and operating frequency. The designed antenna shows good impedance matching of approximately 49 ohm‘s also it provides good gain and efficiency which indicate the designed antenna can be used for various applications like RADAR, Bluetooth, Biomedical instruments etc.
Paper ID: 25
39
Design and Fabrication of an Unmanned Video Transmitting
Tele-bot using 3G GSM Network
Md. Mamunoor Islam* and Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury
Department of EEE, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh
*mcm.mithu@gmial.com
KEYWORDS: Unmanned Tele-bot, Wireless Video Transmission, GSM, 3G Technology, EAT.
As interest in robotics continues to rise day by day,
robots have been increasingly assimilated in practical
life. Appropriate robotic systems can play a vital role
where human has limitations to work. Several systems
can be used to control a robot from distance (such as
Bluetooth, RF, Zigbee etc.) which may have the
limitation of working range. At present the use of GSM
network has increased significantly as it has a massive
coverage area throughout the globe. This paper
demonstrates a technical method of construction of an
unmanned Tele-bot using 3G GSM network which can
be controlled by a cell phone from any part of the
world along with the provision of wireless video
transmission.
Different keys in the dial pad of a phone produce
DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency) tones. The Tele-
bot will use the signals generated by this DTMF
technology through a simple telephone call. The 3G
technology of cellular communication has been added
to the Tele-bot for wireless video transmission using
the video call technology. The block diagram of the
operating method is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Block diagram of GSM controlled Tele-bot.
Moreover, Edge Avoiding Technology (EAT) has also
been equipped within the system for avoiding sharp
edges which can damage the robotic system. At the
time of operation, if any sharp edge in the ground
comes in front of the tele-bot, it will stop instantly in
that position. Then the user will be notified so that
proper measures can be taken.
The proposed GSM controlled robotic system has been
implemented practically to observe the performance of
the system. Several keys have been used to control the
robot in different direction and the performance of the
tele-bot is very decent as it requires a small time to
respond accordingly. An observation of wireless video
transmission has also been arranged to study the
performance of the system‘s capability to transmit
video to the users which is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Implementation of wireless video
transmission.
A comparative study between the proposed robotic
system and existing systems has been conducted and it
is apparent that existing Bluetooth based system by R.
Pahuja et al. (2014) and Zigbee based system by B.
Bharathi et al. (2013) have limitations of ‗effective
range‘. Moreover, Chowdhury et al. (2013), Pathik et
al. (2014) and Shifat et al. (2014) etc. have introduced
their GSM robotic systems having no video
transmitting facility. The proposed 3G technology
based Tele-bot is capable of both wireless control with
massive effective range and the vital additional feature
of wireless video transmission. The video transmission
efficiency of the Tele-bot can be enhanced significantly
by using 4G and LTE technology which may be
incorporated in future.
As the cellular network is wide-spread across the
globe, the proposed Tele-bot can be monitored from
any part of the world. With the wireless video
transmission and EAT technology added in this robot,
the proposed system should play a significant role in
practical applications where human has restraints to
operate.
Paper ID: 26
40
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Nb+Nd Doped Bismuth Ferrite
Sadia Tasnim Mowri1*, M A Gafur
2, Quazi Delwar Hossain
1, Aninda Nafis Ahmed
2 and Muhammad Shariar
Bashar3
1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology,
Chittagong, Bangladesh. 2Pilot Plant and Process Development Center
3Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
KEYWORDS: XRD, SEM, Dielectric Constant, Resistivity, Bismuth Ferrite, Niobium Neodymium.
(Bi2O3Fe2O3)0.4(Nb2O5Nd2O3)0.6 was developed by
employing solid state ceramic method to study the
effect of different sintering temperature. Specimens
were sintered at two (850°C and 925°C) different
temperatures. In this paper, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dielectric
properties and D.C resistivity are reported. XRD
analysis implies that three phases were obtained for
sample which was sintered at 850°C and 925°C. One
phase (NdFeO3) is found at both samples.
Bi1.34Fe0.66Nb1.34O6.35 is found for samples sintered at
850°C, whether Bi1.721 δ 0.089Fe 1.056Nb1.134O7 is found
for samples sintered at 925°C (Figure 1).
Figure 1. XRD Patterns of (Bi2O3Fe2O3)0.4(Nb2O5Nd2O3)0.6
SEM image of the samples suggested that grain size
increases with the increasing sintering temperature.
With the increase of frequency, dielectric constant and
loss tangent of the sample decreases (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Effect of frequency on dielectric constant for
(Bi2O3Fe2O3)0.4(Nb2O5Nd2O3)0.6
D.C resistivity of the sample was taken at different
temperature with different voltages. For samples
sintered at 850°C resistivity increases with the
increases of temperature and become maximum in the
temperature range of 150°C-300°C and beyond 300°C
it decreases. On the other hand, a drop of resistivity
was observed within the range of 200°C -250°C for
samples sintered at 925°C. After a drop at 200°C,
resistivity again rises and drops after 250°C and 350°C,
respectively.
NdFeO3 based materials are widely used for the
application of gas sensor, though it is CO and HCs
sensitive and also has high catalytic activities.
Paper ID: 29
41
Silicon Nanocrystals Rich Lanthanum Fluoride Films for Future Electronic Devices
Md. Ferdous Rahman*, Sk. Rashel Al Ahmed, Md. Golam Saklayen and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
Department of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
*ferdousapee@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Silicon Nanocrystal, Nonvolatile Memory, Schottky Junction Solar Cell.
Investigation on Silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) rich Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3) film fabricated using a novel one-step chemical method has been reported here. Application of this material has been tested for low-voltage operating non-volatile memory (NVM) and Schottky junction solar cells. Colloidal solution of Si-NCs in hydrofluoric acid (HF) was prepared from meso-porous silicon by ultrasonic vibration (sonication).On a silicon (Si) substrate LaCl3 solution in HCL is allowed to react with the colloidal solution of prepared Si-NCs. LaCl3 reacts with HF of Si-NCs solution and produces LaF3 crystals that deposits on the silicon substrate as a film embedding Si-NCs. This is a novel single step chemical way of depositing LaF3 insulating layer embedding Si-NCs (LaF3:Si-NCs). The XRD and EDX analysis of the deposited film show a polycrystalline and non-stoichiometric nature of LaF3. The presence of Si-NCs was confirmed by SEM and FTIR. The Al/LaF3/Si/Al structure was tested as NVM and a memory window of 525 mV was obtained at a programming and erasing bias of 2V when.The LaF3:Si-NCs films showed strong absorption.I-V characteristics of ITO/LaF3/Si/Al structure showed a dependency on the incident light intensity where current changed under various light illumination. Experimental results show a lot of promise of Si-NCs-rich LaF3 film to be used as an insulating film in non-volatile memory as well as a photoactive material in Schottkey junction solar cell. Recently researchers have been considering nanocrystal-based memory devices as a solution to ultra-large scale integration of electronic nonvolatile memories. One major barrier to such integration of NVMs is the local defect related leakage. Using discrete nanocrystals instead of the conventional continuous floating gate as charge storage nodes, local–defect-related leakage can be reduced efficiently to improve data retention. In this regard, discrete-trap type semiconductor storage materials such as Si nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in a dielectric matrix have been demonstrated as potential candidates for the fabrication of high-speed, high-density, low power-consuming, and nonvolatile memories. Therefore, the poly-silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS)-type structure memories including nanocrystal memories have recently attracted much attention for the application in the next-generation nonvolatile
memories because of their great potential for achieving high program/erase (P/E) speed, low programming voltage and low power performance. In this work our goal has been to create Si-NCs-rich LaF3 film to be used as an insulating film in non-volatile memory as well as a photoactive material in Schottkey junction solar cell.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a fabricated device..
After formation the colloidal suspensions of silicon nanocrystals in HF and then it will be allowed to react with Lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) solution in hydrochloric acid (HCl) at room temperature. The chemical reaction between the LaCl3 solution and colloidal solution of Si-NCs in HF can be given as, LaCl3 + HF → LaF3 + HCl The memory measurement has been performed by an impedance analyzer. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) study of the MIS [Al/LaF3/Si/Al]structure reveals that resonant tunneling of electron and charge storage was there when the MIS was biased from accumulation to inversion, which created a memory window. This type of memory window is called hysteresis. The MIS structure showed hysteresis for forward and reverse bias scan, enabling the structure to be used a non volatile memory. The Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) curves observed of the LaF3 layer deposited nonvolatile memory device for various fryquencies and various bias voltage. At a 1MHz frequency hysteresis voltage difference(memory window) (525mV) is so good. So, Finally observed that to study the C-V characteristics of MIS device, it was shown that a memory window of about 525 mV is achievable at a bias voltage of (-2V to +2V), indicating of the stucture used as a non-volatile memory device.
Paper ID: 30
42
Study on the Displacement Effect at Cylindrical Ionization Chamber with Different
Radii in High Energy Photon of Flat Beam and True Beams *Kumaresh Chandra Paul
1,3, Guenther H. Hartmann
2, Enamul Hoque
3, Golam Abu Zakaria
1,4
1Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Dept. of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280,
69120 Heidelberg, Germany 3Dept. of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4Dept. of Medical Radiation Physics, Gummersbach Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of
Cologne, Germany
* kumareshchandra@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Cylindrical ionization chamber, displacement effect, true and flat photon beams.
Absorbed dose to water determination in the usual
clinical practice protocols require the placement of the
air-filled ionization chambers in the water phantom,
which introduces several fluence perturbations in high-
energy photon and electron beams. Displacement
perturbation is one of them, which is to be considered
in dosimetry. It is possible to correct the displacement
effect by introducing the chamber-specific quality
correction factor (kQ) or by introducing the concept of
effective point of measurement (EPOM). The EPOM is
the point in the chamber at which the measured dose
would be the same as in the measuring depth in the
absence of the radiation sensitive device or dosimeter
in the water phantom. The aim of this study is to
measure the displacement effect (shift of the EPOM
divided by the radius of the chamber) of cylindrical
ionization chambers by comparing of percentage depth
dose (PDD) in reference to the well established Roos
chamber.
Linear accelerator, specially designed six
cylindrical chambers with the radius of 1 to 6 mm, a
Semiflex ionization chamber, the Roos chamber, 3D
motorized water phantom and electrometers have been
used in the study. PDD was measured in the water
phantom following the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) TRS-398 protocol. The cylindrical
chambers were placed considering the central axis set
up on the water surface. Mirror imaging system was
followed to set up the cylindrical chambers. 100 cm
source to surface distance (SSD), 10 X 10 cm2 field
size and vertical radiation beams were used for the
study. The beam central axis measurements were
performed from the direction of bottom of the water
phantom to the surface of the water in 6 and 10 MV
true and flat photon beams. OmniPro 7.2 was used for
the dosimetric measurements. Microsoft Excel and
Sigma Plot-10 software were used for the calculation
and drawing the experimental graphs. ―Quick transfer‖
option of Sigma Plot was used to measure the
displacement up to 0.01 mm uncertainty for this
experimental study.
Results: The displacement shifts were found to vary
with beam energy and chamber radius. The
displacement effect obtained a range of 0.25 to 0.57
times r (radius of the chamber) both in true and flat
photon beams, not a constant value (0.6r). The average
experimental values were found lower than that of the
recommendation (0.6r) in the TRS-398 protocol.
The well established Roos chamber was carefully
set as -1.5 mm (minus sign indicates towards the
radiation source) from the front surface of the chamber
and was taken as the reference measurement depth for
the study.
The experimental displacement effect appeared to
be dependent on beam quality, the chamber cavity and
independent on depth after the dose maximum. A
recommended constant value of displacement
correction factor of the protocol does not satisfy with
this experimental study. Monte Carlo simulated study
can be the alternative solution for estimating the
displacement effect.
Paper ID: 41
43
Electrical and Optical Properties of Cu-Nanoparticles- Doped α-Fe2O3 Thin Film
Spin-Coated on Glass Substrate
Sanjida Ferdous*, Afroza Yasmin, Jinia Sultana and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* sfj.sanju11@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Oxide semiconductor, Photo-catalysis, Copper nanoparticles, Optical absorption.
Iron Oxide (α-Fe2O3) is a most promising earth-
abundant material to be used as catalyst in solar water
splitting that produces Hydrogen. It has a low band gap
of 2 ~ 2.2 eV that supports photo-catalysis. It can
absorb all UV light and a portion of visible light from
360 to 600 nm. But the biggest problems are its low
electrical conductivity and poor absorption in higher
visible solar radiation. Researchers have tried various
approaches to overcome those shortcomings of Fe2O3.
In this background to find a low-cost and simple
solution Copper nanoparticles-doped Iron oxide (Cu-
NPs:Fe2O3) has been investigated in this presentation.
Cu-NPs were mixed with Fe2O3 and the performance of
this photocatalyst was investigated and compared with
Fe2O3 without Cu-NPs. Thin films of CuNPs:Fe2O3 on
glass substrate have been prepared using spin coating
method. Synthesis of iron-oxide was performed from
Iron-chloride (FeCl2) and Urea (NH2-CO-NH2)
solution where ethanol used as solvent. Synthesis of
Cu-NPs was done by centrifuging aqueous solution of
copper sulphate (CuSO4) with sodium borohydried and
hydrazine hydrate used as reducer of Cu2+
ions at
12000 rpm. Synthesised Cu-NPs were immediately
capped by SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) to prevent
further growth. The presence of Cu-NPs inside the
prepared Iron-oxide was confirmed by FTIR analysis.
Three and five layers of Cu-NPs:Fe2O3 were deposited
having three different concentrations of Cu-NPs. The
concentration of Cu-NPs was changed by changing the
concentration of CuSO4. Postdeposition annealing
treatments of Cu-NPs:Fe2O3 films were carried out at
500oC. The effects of the chemical composition on the
optical and electrical properties of the thin films were
investigated. The best film characteristics were
achieved using a mass ratio of 11.24% FeCl2 and
0.12% CuSO4. The optimized conditions resulted in a
thin film with average absorbance of 1.12, optical
bandgap of 1.67eV and resistivity of 177.911 Ω-cm.
The absorbance and the resistivity are increasing with
the increased concentration of CuSO4.
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
L(1) .005M
L(2) .0075M
L(3) .01M
Ab
so
rban
ce (
a.u
)
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 1. Absorbance of Cu-NPs:Fe2O3 for various
concentration of CuSO4.
0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Resis
tivit
y (
oh
m-m
)
Concentration(M)
Figure 2. Variation of resistivity with various concentration
of CuSO4.
Experimental results show that the electrical and
optical properties of Fe2O3 can be enhanced by doping
Fe2O3 with Cu-NPs that will enable Fe2O3 to be used in
efficient photo-catalysis.
Paper ID: 42
44
Study on Morphological Properties of Cu-NPs Doped α-Fe2O3
Thin Film Deposited on Glass Substrate
Jinia Sultana*, Afroza Yasmin, Sanjida Ferdous and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* jinia54@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Photo-catalysis, Oxide semiconductor, Copper Nanoparticles, Surface morphology.
Iron-oxide (α-Fe2O3) is desired for the fabrication of homo-junction photo-anode, which can perform photo-electrochemical conversion of solar energy into hydrogen fuels by the solar splitting of water. It has a low band gap of 2 ~ 2.2 eV that supports photo-catalysis. But the biggest problemsare its low electrical conductivity and poor absorption in higher visible solar radiation. In this background Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) doped α-Fe2O3 thin films (Cu-NPs:Fe2O3) have been investigated for better catalytic effect. This article reports the structural and morphological studies of Cu-NPs:Fe2O3.The Cu-NPs was prepared in aqueous solution by reducing Cu
2+ ions with Sodium
borohydred and Hydrazine hydred. Synthesis of iron-oxide was performed from Iron-chloride (FeCl2) and Urea (NH2-CO-NH2) solution where ethanol used as solvent. Extraction of the Cu-NPs was done by centrifuging at 12000 rpm of the aqueous solution of copper sulfate (CuSO4) with sodium borohydried and hydrazine hydrate used as reducer of Cu
2+ ions. The
metallic copper produced was immediately capped by SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) to prevent further growth. After that, three and five layers of Cu-NPs:Fe2O3films were prepared by simplest spin coating methods, then annealed the films at 500
oC. The
presence of Cu-NPs in the prepared Fe2O3 films was confirmed by FTIR analysis (Figure 2). In the FTIR spectra, the absorption band at around 611.81cm
-1is
attributed to the asymmetric stretch mode of the Fe-O bond. It is also seen that absorption band at 475.18 cm
-1
and at 399.16 cm-1
, of the stretching mode of Fe-O bonds which proves that there is significant amount of Fe2O3 in the sample. The structural (grain size and roughness) properties of the thin films were investigated by AFM (Figure 1). The average surface roughness was found to increase with the thickness of the deposited films and concentration of Cu nanoparticles. The mean grain size was started decreasing with increasing layers for the same concentration and it was increasing with the film thickness and with increasing concentration of copper nano-particles (Figure 3).
Figure 1. AFM image of 0.005M molar concentration of
3-layer Cu-NPs:Fe2O3 film.
Figure 2. FTIR transmittance spectra of Fe2O3 with
embedded Cu-NPs sample.
0.006 0.008 0.0104.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
Gra
in s
ize
(nm
)
Concentration (1/cm3) Figure 3. The variation of grain size with molar
concentration of Cu-NPs for 3Layer Cu-NPs:Fe2O3 film.
Experimental results show that doping Fe2O3 with Cu-
NPs enhances the morphological properties of Fe2O3 that
will enable Fe2O3 to be used in efficient photo-catalysis.
Paper ID: 43
45
Study on the Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System Based on Histogram
Technique
Rebeka Sultana1, Shamim Ahmad
2, and Md. Khalid Hossain
3*
1,2Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
3Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
* khalid.baec@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Content Based Image Retrieval, Histogram, Taxicab distance, Correlation, Arithmetic mean,
Geometric mean.
Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has been an
active research area in image processing field where
low-level image features such as color, texture and
shape are extensively used for retrieving similar images
from a large image database. Currently the research
trend of CBIR is to reduce the semantic gap between
low level visual features and high level image
semantics. But this paper focuses only on the primary
feature that is color of the image which extraction
technique is not time consuming at all compare to other
features.
In this paper, histogram is used for extracting the
color feature from images. As histogram is
computationally less expensive, so our intention is to
retrieve similar images from large image database
using only color feature because the results of this first
filtering can be fed to another image retrieval which
may use some other effective features such as shape,
texture, color moment and so on. As a result, small
number of retrieved images found from this first
filtering will provide less time for the second retrieval
system for further processing.
The goal of this research is to study the CBIR
system where histogram technique is used as a way of
extracting color feature from images for both gray and
color of each image which is used then as a main
component for the similarity evaluation between
images. The conventional taxicab distance (Manhattan
distance metric) and correlation technique are
considered to evaluate the similarity between query
image and each image from database. Also three
approaches are used in this paper for comparing the
results with each other. Basically color image has three
color channels: red, green, and blue. For this reason the
first approach is to make color histograms for red,
green, blue, and grayscale separately. Similarity
measurement techniques perform on each histogram
and finally sum up the results of red, green, and blue
histogram where the second approach gives only
separate result for each color histogram. The strategy
of final approach is to make histogram for several
blocks of each image then performs the similarity
measurement techniques block by block between
images and finally arithmetic and geometric mean
operations are performed on all measurement values of
each image. The basic diagram of this histogram based
image retrieval is given below:
Figure 1: Histogram Based Image Retrieval
This experiment provides the best response based on
Manhattan distance with geometric mean from human
perspective point of view in comparison with the
response based on Manhattan distance with arithmetic
mean and correlation technique with arithmetic mean
operation where image blocks are used. And it is hoped
that it can be a good solution for existing image
retrieval system to reduce the computation time. As
image has different types of structure or formulation,
this experiment had some cases where retrieved images
are not so similar compare to query image though the
internal procedure was correct. So, in the future our
expectation is to extend this work for getting more
relevant response by using some other features such as
number of horizontal or vertical edges in an image.
Query
Image
Extract Color
Database
Images
Extract Color
Similarity
Measuremen
t
Retrieved
Images
Paper ID: 45
46
MRI Segmentation using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Bidimensional Empirical
Mode Decomposition
Gulam Sarwar Chuwdhury1, Md. Khaliluzzaman
1* and Md. Rashed-Al-Mahfuz
2
1Dept. of CSE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh
2Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi (RU), Bangladesh
* khalil_021@yahoo.co.in
KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, fuzzy C-means, magnetic resonance imaging, wavelet, BEMD, SNR.
Image segmentation is a vital step in medical image processing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for brain tissues extraction in white and gray matter. These tissues extraction help in image segmentation applications such as radiotherapy planning, clinical diagnosis, treatment planning. This paper presents utilization of fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering by using wavelet and bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD).The signal to noise ratio (SNR) value is calculated from previous clustering date to examine the best segmentation technique. The experiment with synthetic Brain Web images has demonstrated the efficiency and robustness of the appropriate approach in segmenting noisy medical MRI.
The primitive techniques are based on manual segmentation which is a time consuming process besides being susceptible to human errors. This paper has compared two image decomposition techniques i.e. wavelet and BEMD to determine the best technique which is used before the image clustering technique FCM. For that purpose, first apply FCM on decomposition image then select the best segmented technique from the two segmented approach through the value of SNR. The proposed method is an efficient approach to segment the noisy MRI brain images. Two major stages are involved in proposed methodology i.e. feature extraction and clustering. Feature extraction process is performed by using 2D wavelet decomposition and BEMD. The wavelet decomposition outputs are low pass (approximation component) and high pass (detailed components) at horizontal, vertical, diagonal. To obtain the wavelet features, here Dubechies-1(DAUB1) wavelet is applied to the image. Feature extraction from wavelet decomposition and BEMD are given to Fuzzy C-Means, FCM applied on the feature vector obtained from previous step for clustering. The output image will be segmented into two classes (White Matter, Gray matter) noisy MRI image. Then calculate the SNR for segmented outputs. Finally, provide the output which gives the best SNR for noisy MRI image. The workflow of the proposed method is as shown in Fig. 1.The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB environment, and tested on MRI brain web database.
Figure1. Workflow of the proposed method.
The brain web images are simulated MR images generated by
the Brain Web simulator with different level of noise 0%,
1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and with different level of INU 0%,
20% and 40%. These images are obtained from Brain Web
Database at the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre of the
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University. An
example of images is as shown in Fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c).
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 2. (a), (b) and (c) are T1 simulated brain web images
The evaluation of the segmentation performance in this
paper is measured by
M
x
N
y
M
x
N
y
yxs
yxfSNR
1 1
2
1 1
2
),(
),( (1)
where the input is image and is the
segmented image.
Table1: SNR of the Input Images
Sample
MRI
Input MRI with Smooth &
Adding Gaussian noise
SNR
Wavelet
& FCM
BEMD
& FCM
a
Smooth 1.0175 1.0977
mean= 0 and variance
=0.025 0.7749 0.7789
b
Smooth 0.4249 0.4259
mean=0 and variance
=0.025 0.6588 0.6654
c
Smooth 0.3992 0.3997
mean= 0 and variance
=0.025 0.6452 0.6472
The SNR of the segmented image generated from BEMD and
FCM gives the higher value for noisy MR Image. So, it
should be noted that BEMD decomposition approach is better
than the wavelet algorithm for the use of decomposition
before applying the segmentation algorithm such as FCM. It
is granted that smooth image always provide higher SNR
than noisy images.
Paper ID: 47
47
Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated
Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)
Md. Shahinur Rahman1, Heon- Ju Lee
1*, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury
2 and Konstantin Lyakhov
1
1Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
2Electrial and Electronic Engineering, IIUC, Chittagong, Bangladesh
* hjlee@jejunu.ac.kr
KEYWORDS: Electron beam, Optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, Wear.
Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is the most
prominent engineering thermoplastic consisting of
repeating carbon-oxygen bonds in the form of
oxymethylene groups (OCH2). It is widely used to
make small gear wheels, ball bearings, precision parts,
automotive and consumer electronics. In this study, the
POM-C round blocks were irradiated with 165 KeV
electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500
and 700 kGy) in vacuum condition at room
temperature. The wear and morphological properties of
electron beam dose irradiated POM-C have been
analyzed using optical microscopy, Raman
spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). The electron beam irradiation transferred the
wear of unirradiated POM-C sample from the abrasive
wear (plough and cracks), adhesive wear
(grooving/striation, micropitting) and scraping to mild
scraping and striation for the 100 kGy dose irradiated
POM-C sample due to cross-linking (macroscopic
networks), chemical free radicals formations and
partial physical modification (smoothness), which can
be concluded from optical microscopic, SEM and
Raman spectroscopic observations. The degree of
improvement for tribological attribute relies on the
electron beam irradiation fluency conditions (energy
and dose rate).
Figure 1. Optical microscopic images of the worn
surfaces at sliding tracks on POM-C surfaces with x20
resolution: (a) unirradiated POM-C; (b) 100 kGy; (c)
200 kGy; (d) 300 kGy; (e) 500 kGy and (f) 700 kGy
electron beam dose irradiated surfaces. Scale bar 50
µm in each case.
Paper ID: 48
48
Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Pyrolised CuO Films
M. Majhar1, S. Ahmed
2, M. Mozibur Rahman
2 and M. K. R. Khan
2*
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
2Department of Physics, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi -6205, Bangladesh.
* fkrkhan@yahoo.co.uk
KEYWORDS: Spray pyrolysis technique, Cupric oxide, Thin film, and Band gap energy.
Cupric oxide (CuO) thin films were fabricated onto
glass substrates at temperature 350 °C using spray
pyrolysis technique. The source material was the
monohydrate cupric acetate, [(CH3COO)2Cu. H2O] with
different (0.1M, 0.2M and 0.3 M) molar concentrations.
Structural, surface morphology and optical properties of
deposited films were studied by XRD, AFM and UV-VIS
spectrophotometer. The films are monophasic polycry-
stalline in nature. The preferred orientation of the
deposited films was found to be (111) plane and the
crystal structure were identified as monoclinic. The films
were found to be a good absorber of visible EM radiation.
The optical absorbance is ~96% in the range (400-700)
nm after which it decreases with increasing wave length.
The optical band gap of the deposited film was found to
be dependent on film thickness which varies from 1.70-
1.85 eV.
Fig. 1: XRD patterns of CuO films with different molar
concentrations.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
t=110 nm
t=170 nm
t=215 nm
Tra
ns
mit
tan
ce, T
(%
)
Wavelength, (nm) Fig. 2: Variation of Transmittance with wavelength.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
t=110 nmt=170 nmt=215 nm
hcm
-1 e
V)2
x 1
01
5
Photon energy, h(eV) Fig. 3: Variation of (αhν)2 with photon energy for CuO films.
The thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis
technique. An aqueous solution of 0.1 M, 0.2M and 0.3 M
[(CH3COO)2Cu.H2O] were used as precursor. The CuO
film was deposited on glass substrate at substrate
temperature ~350ºC.
The XRD patterns of the deposited films are shown in
Fig.1 which confirms that the CuO films are
polycrystalline in nature and could be indexed with
monoclinic structure. The characteristic peaks were
identified comparing with the JCPDS card and these are at
2θ = 35.6020°, 38.7892°, and 53.5223° corresponding to
(hkl) values (111-
), (111), and (020) respectively. All
peak positions are compared with the standard values of
cupric oxide (from JCPDS card). No peak corresponding
to Cu2O phase was found in the XRD pattern that
indicates the formation of pure phase of CuO films.
The optical transmittance as a function of wavelength of
incident radiation for CuO films is shown in Fig.2.The
optical band gap of the deposited film was found to be
dependent on film thickness which varies from 1.70-1.85
eV. A plot of (αhν)2 vs. hν for CuO films of different
thicknesses are shown in Fig.3. The direct band gap of
CuO films have been obtained from the intercepts on the
energy axis after extrapolation of the straight-line of
(αhν)2 vs. hν curves. Depending on the film thickness (110
nm, 170 nm and 215 nm) of the CuO films, the direct
band gap is found to be 1.8 eV, 1.72 eV and 1.72 eV
respectively.
Paper ID: 49
49
Algorithm for Performance Appraisal using CAW Method
M. Z. Ahsan1 and Md. Mamun-ur-Rashid Khandker
2*
1Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* khandker@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Performance Score (PS), Overall Performance Index (OPI), Aptitude Index (API), Reflective factors.
Performance appraisal is an HR process, which plays
important role to drive employees for keeping them
aligned with the organizational goal and desired outcome.
Simple Additive Weighing (SAW) method is popularly
used as a tool to calculate individual performance score
(PS). Reflective factors (opportunity and optimum
contribution) are not accounted in this method.
Consequently, the calculated PS found to be less
representative and biased. To address these issues, a new
mathematical model, called Cumulative Average
Weighing Method (CAW) has been developed, where
reflective factors accounted. Three variables (aptitude,
attitude and ability) have been postulated to derive PS
formula.
The formula derived as
)}], where is for
overall average of aptitude, for overall average of
attitude and for overall average of ability score, and
for performance score of immediate previous or last
year, n for number of performance appraisal done in the
current year, and for the performance score at
quiescent year. It is worth mentioning here that the
opportunity factor accounted as
within close limit [01], where is opportunity factor,
determined from the logical weighting (1 or 0) to the
attributes of opportunity, and suffix j is for the number of
assessor. Each variable evaluated by weighted values of
corresponding set of attributes.
This formula realized by software, named Computer
Based Personal Appraisal System (CB-PAS), which has
been developed in Visual Basic at the front and MySql at
the back end in bottom up approach from its tree
algorithm. This software has the options to calculate PS
by both the methods.
A case has been studied in small scale for verifying
representativeness of PS and to supplement the
proposition in this paper. In that three (X, Y and Z)
employees of same position and having almost same
length of service are considered to evaluate PS at the
quiescent year. 35 attributes (10 x personal traits and 25 x
demonstrated traits) have been weighted using 9-point
likert scale against each employee over 05 (2010 to 2014)
years. The analysis, using statistical tools (SD, MAD and
AD) reflects that the PS as calculated by CAW method is
more representative than that of calculated by the SAW
method. The findings, based on SD, are presented in Table
1.
Table-1: Study Result on SD
Employee SD in
CAW
Method
SD in
SAW
Method
Remark
X 0.109 0.139 0 < 0.109 < 0.139
Y 0.115 0.236 0 < 0.115 < 0.236
Z 0.150 0.177 0 < 0.150 < 0.177
Besides, Graphical Model for Score Interpretation
(GMSI) is used as an alternative tool for screening and
selecting the best option using overall performance index
(OPI) and aptitude index (API) and to calculate the rate of
change of aptitude from the slope of the fitted trend line of
API that facilitate the organization to talent management.
The formula used for OPI and API are and
respectively where m is the number of year. Bar
chart of OPI and API is shown in figure-1 to visualize
how to use GMSI for making decision on promotion,
retention etc. However, the postulated variables and
corresponding attributes may not be the same for all
categories, rather depend on the perspectives and
objectives of the organization. As such, flexibility of
choosing variables and attributes remains on hands of the
organization
Figure 1. Bar chart of OPI and API.
Paper ID: 52
50
Dynamic Power Management by Reinforcement Learning
Safayet Hossain, Muhammad Adnan Ibn-Ismail and Muhidul Islam Khan*
School of Engineering and Computer Science
BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
* muhit.islam.khan@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Dynamic power management, Reinforcement learning, Q learning and SARSA.
Dynamic power management indicates the system
strategies that achieve efficient power consumption by
selectivity turning off when they are idle or busy with
work load. In this paper we present two Reinforcement
learning (RL) based methods on Dynamic power
Management (DPM) for a Network Interface Card
(NIC). We implement Q learning and State Action
Reward State Action (SARSA) in a NIC to find out the
dynamically adaptive behavior according to the
workload.
Research has been devoted to explore different
DPM policies. The existing DPM policies can be
broadly classified into heuristic and stochastic policies.
While the heuristic policies are simple to implement
but provide no guaranties on the power/performance
trade-off. A simple heuristic policy where a device is
put to sleep when it is idle more than a specified
timeout period might be fixed or adopted. For instance,
the device is put to sleep if it is idle or more than break
even time. Break even time is the minimum period for
the device should be turned off so that compensates for
the overhead associated with shutting down and turning
on the device and saves energy compared to the case if
it is remains on.
For Q learning and SARSA learning methods, we
consider a model based on power management system.
We consider a model for the workload of the
considered NIC. We consider a set of states based on
application specific variables and a set of actions.
There is a cost function which helps NIC to learn the
appropriate actions and state transition. We consider
three states and three actions.
For Q and SARSA learning, Q value for each state
and action pair is initially chosen by designer and it
will be updated each time and action by the following
equation 1 t 1 t t( , ) Q(s, t) (s, t) [P minaQ(s ,a) Q(s,a)]tQ s t
Where Q(s,t) is Old value, (s, t) is Learning rate,
1P t is Penalty and is Discount factor.
We consider three actions named Go_Sleep, Go_Idle
and Go_Busy with the energy consumption 0, 0.7 and
0.9 W respectively.
Figure 1. Performance vs latency trade-off for Q earning.
Figure 2. Cumulative average cost over time slots for Q
learning and SARSA.
Figure 1 and 2 show the simulation results. Figure 1
shows that after applying Q learning in a NIC, it can
adaptively learn the performance/latency trade-off.
Figure 2 shows the comparison between Q learning and
SARSA learning for the cumulative average cost over
time slots. We observe that SARSA learning provides
more cumulative cost but converge faster than Q
learning. So, the NIC reaches an optimal stage of
power consumption.
Paper ID: 53
51
Friction and Morphological Properties of Ion Implanted Polyoxymethylene
Copolymer (POM-C)
Md. Shahinur Rahman1*
, Md. Mehedi Hasan2, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury
2* and Konstantin Lyakhov
1
1Nuclear and Energy Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
2Electrial and Electronic Engineering, IIUC, Chittagong, Bangladesh
* shahineee33@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: POM-C, SEM, Surface roughness, Friction coefficient, Raman spectroscopy.
Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) round
block was implanted with 120 KeV ions of He to doses
of 5 x 1016
and 1 x 1016
ions cm-2
. It was also implanted
with 120 KeV ions of Ar + He and He + Ne to dose of
1 x 1016
ions cm-2
, respectively. The friction behavior
of both implanted and unimplanted POM-C blocks was
investigated using a pin on disk tribometer against steel
ball. The morphological properties of ion beam
implanted POM-C blocks have been characterized by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3 D nano surface
profiler and Raman spectroscopic methods. The
friction coefficient of He ion implantation at a dose of
5 x 1016
ions cm-2
is lower than that of another ion
doses implanted POM-C blocks and, it is also lower
than the unimplanted one. It also shows the moderate
surface texturing (atomic rearrangement), lower
surface roughness and good chemical structural
behavior compared to both unimplanted and other ion
doses implanted POM-C blocks due to some extent of
carbonization, cross-linking and ions-target atoms
collisions, which is ascertained from SEM, Raman
spectroscopic and 3 D nano surface profiler
observations. The other ion doses implanted POM-C
blocks demonstrate the higher friction coefficient and
surface roughness with polymer surface deformation
(crazing, cracking, pitting and gas evolution, bond
breaking) due to severe chain scission, surface dose
delivered atomic displacements and chemical structural
degradation.
It is concluded that the variation of friction
coefficient behavior of POM-C resulted from its
structural response for ion beam implantation on the
surface. In contrast, further investigation is required to
get the best tribological attributes at optimum ion beam
surface dose delivered.
Figure 1. SEM images on POM-C surfaces with x500
resolution: (a) unimplanted, (b) He 5 x 1016, (c) He 1 x 1016,
(d)Ar + He 1 x 1016 and (e) He + Ne 1 x 1016 ionscm-2
implanted surfaces. Scale bar 10 µm in each case.
Paper ID: 56
52
Analysis of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation Concentration Index of North-
Western Region of Bangladesh *Ahsan Habib Rasel, Md Monirul Islam and Mumnunul Keramat
Dept. of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh*
ahsanhrasel@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Precipitation Concentration Index, Rainfall, Seasonal rainfall.
The Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) of
north-western region of Bangladesh is computed. The
PCI is estimated on seasonal and annual
distributions, variations and trends. The seasonal
estimation were based on two seasons dry season
(November to April) and wet season (May to
October). PCI is analyzed at annual and seasonal scale
to identify the pattern of rainfall in the study area for
the period of 2000-2011.
The study regions are Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions
located in the north western part of Bangladesh and
extends from 230
80' N to 260 38' N latitude and
from 880 01' E to 89
070' E longitude.
The daily rainfall data for twelve years (2000-2011)
are collected from Bangladesh Meteorological
Department (BMD) of six stations. The nature of
data collected is depth in millimeter (mm).
In an attempt to define temporal aspects of the rainfall
distribution within a year, the Precipitation
Concentration Index (PCI) proposed by Oliver (1980)
is used. The PCI is estimated on an annual and seasonal
scale. The distribution of PCI is shown by map using
surfer mapping software.
Table 1. Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI)
classification by Oliver.
PCI value Distribution of precipitation
PCI < 10 Uniform precipitation distribution
11 - 15 Moderate precipitation concentration
16 - 20 Irregular distribution
PCI>20 Strongly irregular distribution
The table-2 shows that the rainfall is very much
seasonal. The contribution of wet seasonal rainfall is
more than (90%) and the dry seasonal rainfall is less
than (10%) for all six stations from table-2.
Table 2: Seasonal rainfall, monthly rainfall and PCI
distribution of six stations.
Station Wet
season
Dry
season
Highest
monthly
rain
fall
(%)
Annu
al
PCI (%)
of Rainf
all
PCI (%)
of Rain
fall
PCI
Syedpur 91.2 10.9 8.8 30.7 22.1 18.8
Rangpur 91.4 10.4 8.6 28.7 21.9 18
Dinajpur 93.5 10.4 6.5 29.3 9.9 18.5
Bogra 91.4 10.8 8.6 27.3 18.9 18.3
Rajshahi 92.9 10.4 7.1 26.4 18.8 18.1
Ishwardi 90.5 10.5 9.5 25.0 19.9 17.6
In wet season PCI value is 10.4 to 10.9 that mean
uniform precipitation distribution in wet season. In dry
season PCI value varies from 25.0 to 30.7 and compare
with table-1 it is conclude that strongly irregular
distribution of rainfall in dry period. Annual PCI varies
from 17.6 to 18.8 indicates irregular distribution of
rainfall of the study area.
Figure1 : PCI distribution of the study area.
From the PCI trend analysis two types of observation
are observed. In the northern region the trend is
increasing and in the southern region its decreasing. It
is also observed that the overall precipitation duration
is decreasing. The effect of this trend may have
negative effect on water availability to sustain the
present environmental condition of the study area.
Paper ID: 58
53
Assessing Driving Stress using Custom Built Real-Time Sensors
Nova Ahmed*, Saad Azmeen-Ur-Rahman, Rahat Jahangir Rony and Md. Tanvir Mushfique
ECE, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
* nova.ahmed@northsouth.edu
KEYWORDS: Pulse Sensor, Stress detector, Low cost Sensing, Traffic Experiences in Dhaka.
In recent years, stress has become a large problem
that hampers well-being. We focus on the stress
generated at multimodal traffic system of Bangladesh
where vehicles of various speed share the same road
along with unruly traffic of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and
possible ways to detect stress using low-cost
technology.
From the traffic viewpoint, Dhaka has multimodal
traffic (heterogeneous) - vehicles with various speeds.
Various vehicle drivers differ in their level of
education and knowledge on traffic rules (Islam et al.,
2012) as well as roadside safety. Similar disparity in
knowledge among pedestrians make the situation more
complex. Poor road conditions across the city
(Mahmud et al., 2012) and bottlenecks due to
substandard planning exacerbate heavy traffic
situations. The combination of these factors puts the
driver in a unique position and we want to portray the
driver‘s level of stress or well-being (Gulian et al.,
1990). Most research work related to vehicle drivers
have been done predominantly in the context of drivers
in the developed nations. Driving in a developing
country is a highly different experience (Islam et al.,
2012) and our goal is to formally study the driving
experience from the perspective of drivers in
developing nations, starting with Dhaka.
We have developed a custom system (see Figure
1a) that measures pulse-rate in real-time to indicate the
level of discomfort in terms of pulse reading deviation.
The system exploits the basic mechanism of heart
beating - oxy-hemoglobin blood flows out throughout
the body and de-oxy-hemoglobin blood returns to the
heart, resulting in a rhythmic pulsating of the arteries.
The system incorporates an open hardware sensor
(Murphy, 2012) equipped with a 515 nm InGaN on
Sapphire LED that is clipped to the ears of the test
subject. As blood pumps through the blood vessel,
reflectivity changes, which is detected by a photo
sensor. An LCD displays the pulse in real-time and the
system logs the data. Our initial experiments have
indicated correlation among pulse data and road
condition that can directly or indirectly cause stress
among drivers.
Figure 1. Custom real-time pulse sensor and data-logger.
Figure 2. Pulse-rate during various driving conditions.
BPM is observed to rise during key events.
We have shown that certain events during driving
cause an elevation of pulse-rate, providing an
indication of increased stress (see Figure 1b). This
information will be useful to assess the well-being of
drivers, which is very important at personal level as
well as collective level. By making inferences from the
data, we can suggest strategies to improve well-being,
such as opening the window to let some air in or
switching on the radio. We can alleviate the number of
accidents, roadside problems and improve the quality
of life by improving well-being.
Paper ID: 60
54
Bitwise Template Fusion of Noisy Images for Enhanced IRIS Recognition System
Md. Sohel Ahammed* and Biprodip Pal
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* sohel.ruet10@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Iris Recognition, Noisy image, Template fusion.
Iris recognition is one of the reliable and accurate
biometric identification systems available today.
However, many results have been published under
favorable conditions. The work presented in this paper
involves developing an iris recognition system
considering noisy data (noisy images). The
performance of many existing system gradually falls
for the noisy images. An image can be noisy in
different ways like at the time of capturing, eyelids,
poor segmentation or any other ways.
Figure 1. Proposed iris recognition system.
In figure 1, the proposed iris recognition system was shown. First of all images were taken from database. Then median filter was used for noise (salt & pepper) removal. A few amount of noise may not be removed. Fusion based approach helped in this case. However, after segmentation and Feature encoding, several templates were found for a single person. Finally modified majority voting system (MVS) was used to generate a final template from several template of the same person by considering common feature. Then Hamming distance was applied for classification.
Figure 2. Proposed voting approach for template fusion.
In figure 2 the proposed voting approach was
shown. Final template was produced by considering the
probability of common feature of the same person.
Several MxN dimensional templates were considered
for voting system. Each pixel value of final template
was calculated by considering the bitwise probability
of having same value in each pixel of MxN templates
of that particular person. According to this modified
biometric template fusion strategy, a final template was
generated considering the uniqueness of those
templates of that particular person.
Table 1. Performance comparison between system without
fusion & proposed system.
Dataset System without fusion
Proposed system
Standard 98.16% 99.3%
Noisy 94.49% 96%
Table 1 shows that proposed system can perform
quite well in both of standard and noisy scenario. For
the determination of the performance of the system,
two databases of digitalized gray scale eye images
were used. CASIA-Iris-Interval V.3 and synthetic
addition of noise with CASIA-Iris-Interval V.3 were
used for the standard and noisy image database
respectively. Each data set of 100 standard eye images
and 100 noisy images (Synthetic added of noise) were
used for experiment; however, trivial hamming
distance was able to carry out an accuracy of 94.49%
on the other hand the proposed approach was able to
accomplish an accuracy of 96%. The performance
increases up-to 99.3% for the standard images (noise
free image).
Table 1 shows that proposed iris recognition system
performs fine in both of standard and non-standard
(noisy) database. The main feature of our proposed
IRIS recognition system was the enhancement of
performance for noisy image. Bitwise template based
fusion approach helped us to achieve this goal.
Paper ID: 62
55
Kinetics of Extraction of Ti(IV) from Sulfate Medium by Cyanex 302
Ranjit K. Biswas* and Aneek K. Karmakar
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rkbiswas694@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Kinetics, extraction, Ti(IV), Cyanex 302, Lewis cell.
Titanium (IV), obtainable from leaching of ilmenite
(available in Beach Sand of the south-eastern part of
Bangladesh) can be extracted by bis-(2,4,4-
trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex
302) dissolved in kerosene containing 5% (v/v) hexn-1-
ol as de-emulsifier (Biswas and Karmakar, 2013). This
system has been investigated from the kinetic view
point in order to obtain an over-all rate equation,
thermodynamic parameters related to kinetics (Ea, S±,
H±, etc.) and to provide a mechanism for the
extraction process.
The kinetics of the considered system has been
investigated on measuring flux (rate/interfacial area)
variations using a constant interfacial area stirred cell
(Lewis cell) operated at 3 Hz. The typical log F vs. log
[Ti(IV)] and log F vs. -log (1+233×10-pH
) plots are
shown in Figure 1. Similarly, log F vs. log [H2A2](o)
and log F vs. -log (1+3.2[SO42-
]) plots are shown in
Figure 2. Based on these results, the empirical flux
equation, at 293 K, derived is: F (kmol/m2s) = 10
-
4.365[Ti(IV)] (1+233[H
+]
-1) [H2A2](o)
0.5 (1+3.2[SO4
2-])
-1.
Activation energy, Ea is measured to be 36-58 kJ/mol
depending on experimental condition (higher value in
lower pH region). The enthalpy and entropy changes
on activation (H± and S
±) are also determined.
The analysis of flux equation cited has been done,
at various regions of [H+] and [SO4
2-], to elucidate the
mechanism of extraction. The rate determining
chemical reaction step, irrespective of reaction
parameters, appears as TiO2+
+A- → TiOA
+; and this
step occurs via an SN2 mechanism. In this mechanism,
the attack of A- to the coordination sphere of
[TiO(H2O)n]2+
in forming the activated higher
coordinated [TiO(H2O)nA]+ is slower than the H2O-
elimination step from [TiO(H2O)nA]+ to form normal
coordinated [TiO(H2O)n-1A]+ and also the step involved
in 2nd
A- addition to [TiO(H2O)n-1A]
+.
Figure 1. Variation of flux with [Ti(IV)] and pH. [SO42-] =
0.1 mol/L, temp. = 293 K. (), pH = 2.0, [H2A2](o) = 0.10
mol/L; (), [Ti(IV)] = 1 g/L, [H2A2](o) = 0.10 mol/L.
Figure 2. Variation of flux with [H2A2](o) and SO4
2-. [Ti(IV)]
= 1 g/L, temp. =293 K. (), pH = 2; (), pH = 1.6, [H2A2](o)
= 0.10 mol/L.
-3.0 -2.8 -2.6 -2.4 -2.2 -2.0 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2-8.0
-7.8
-7.6
-7.4
-7.2
-7.0
-6.8
-6.6
-6.4-1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
log (
F,
km
ol/m
2s)
log {[Ti(IV)], mol/L
-log (1+233x10-pH
)
-1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2-8.6
-8.4
-8.2
-8.0
-7.8
-7.6
-7.4
-7.2
-7.0-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
log (
F,
km
ol/m
2s)
log {[H2A
2](o)
, mol/L
-log (1+3.2 [SO2-
4])
Paper ID: 65
56
Autonomous Human Face Detection and Tracking System with Variant Poses, Blur
and Illumination
Md. Zweel Rana*, Monimul Islam and Mohiuddin Ahmad
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna-9203
* zweelrana@hotmail.com
KEYWORDS: Face detection, AdaBoost, pose, illumination, Blur, Arduino.
In recent year face detection and tracking system is
a technology in computer vision that determines the
movement of a face in arbitrary images. Many
computer applications use face detection algorithm to
detect and tracking faces. This paper approaches the
technique for real time variant human face detection
and tracking using a modified version of Viola-Jones
algorithm. However, the detection of a face in real time
environment having uneven illumination, pose and
non-uniform motion blur is quiet difficult. In this
paper, we propose three level approaches to detect
faces and tracking. The low, intermediate, and high
level processing involve the improvement of image
quality, feature extraction, pattern detection and further
improvement of the quality of the image. Then face
tracking for moving camera is performed via servo and
Arduino. This implementation is robust and efficient
to detect and track the face in case of non-uniform
motion, blur, illumination and variant pose. This paper
focuses on automatic face detection and tracking on
video streams for surveillance in public places. This
system can be used for human interaction robot and
security purpose.
The whole process is shown by the following flow
chart in Fig. 1. START
Scan Input Image
Removing BlurFace detect considering pose and illumination
Face Capture
Face detect considering pose and illumination
Face detect considering pose and illumination
Detect Face Position (x,y)
Initiate Servo
Set Servo Position
END
Scan Human
Face
Scan Human
Face
NoYES
NoYES
Figure 1: Flowchart of proposed model.
Real rime results are obtained by detecting several
faces in a single frame simultaneously. All result are
shown sequentially.
Figure 2: Face tracking in indoor or normal environment.
Figure 3: Face detection considering dark and bright illumination.
Figure 4: Face detection considering blurry image.
Figure 5: Face detection considering variant poses.
Table 1: Summary of face detection data.
Condition
No. of face used
Detected
Missed
Precision (%)
Normal 100 100 0 100
Illumination 100 97 03 97
Blur 100 98 02 98
Pose 100 98 02 98
Table I shows the performance of proposed work for
normal environment, light variance, blur and pose.
From these result, it is obvious that our work can
robustly detect human face considering various
parameters.
The performance of this system was enhanced by the
use of open source OpenCV. From the above discussed
result it can be said that this system can be used
robustly for both indoor and outdoor environment
considering various parameters.
Paper ID: 66
57
Electrochemical Corrosion Characterization of Artificially Aged Al-6Si-0.5Mg (-
1Cu) Alloys in Sodium Chloride Solution
Abul Hossain1*, M. A. Gafur
2, Fahmida Gulshan
3, and ASW Kurny
3
1MSTE Plant (KTL), Sylhet Gas Fields Ltd., Golapgonj, Sylhet-3160
2Pilot Plant & Process Development Centre, BCSIR, Dhaka
3Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka
*ah_buetmmesgfl@live.com
KEYWORDS: Al-Si alloy, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
In this study, corrosion behavior of artificially
peakaged Al-6Si-0.5Mg (-1Cu) alloys in 0.1M NaCl
solution has been investigated using potentiodynamic
polarization and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The potentiodynamic
polarization curves reveal that 1 wt%Cu content alloy
is less prone to corrosion than the Cu free alloy. The
EIS test results also showed that corrosion resistance or
charge transfer resistance (Rct) increases with the
addition of 1wt%Cu into Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy. Higher
charge transfer resistance (Rct) was obtained with the
addition of 1wt%Cu and lower Rct value was for Cu
free Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy. Due to addition of Cu and
thermal modification, the magnitude of open circuit
potential (OCP), corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting
corrosion potential (Epit) of Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy in
NaCl solution were shifted to the more noble direction.
A) Impedance Measurements
B) Table I. Impedance test results
Alloy
Compositions
Rs(Ω) Rct(kΩ) Cp(µF) OCP
(V/SCE)
Al-6Si-0.5Mg 40.37 15.57 1.259 -0.8454
Al-6Si-0.5Mg-
1Cu
44.08 27.13 3.219 -0.6534
Figure 1. Electrical equivalent circuit used for fitting of the
impedance data of Al-6Si 0.5Mg(-1Cu) alloys in 0.1M NaCl
solution.
Figure 2. Nyquist plots for the peakaged Al-6Si-0.5Mg (-
1Cu) alloys in 0.1M NaCl solution. B) Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurements
Table II. Potentiodynamic polarization test results
Figure 3. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of aged Al-
6Si-0.5Mg (-1Cu) alloys in 0.1M NaCl solution. The EIS tests have shown that the addition of 1wt%Cu
into Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy increase the corrosion
resistance in NaCl. The linear polarization and Tafel
extrapolation plot show that the corrosion current (Icorr)
and corrosion rate (mpy) decrease with the addition of
1wt%Cu into Al-6Si-0.5Mg alloy. The forms of
corrosion in the studied Al-6Si-0.5Mg (-1Cu) alloys
are pitting corrosion as obtained from the
microstructures study with pits observations.
Alloy
Compositions
Icorr
(µA)
Ecorr(mV) Epit
(mV)
Corrosion
rate(mpy)
Al-6Si-0.5Mg 6.300 -764 -480 5.287
Al-6Si-0.5Mg-
1Cu
2.950 -697 -370 2.474
Paper ID: 67
58
Effects of Inclusions on the Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel Reinforced
Bars
Abul Hossain1*, Fahmida Gulshan
2, and ASW Kurny
2
1MSTE Plant (KTL), Sylhet Gas Fields Ltd., Golapgonj, Sylhet-3160
2Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka
* ah_buetmmesgfl@live.com
KEYWORDS: Inclusions, reinforced bars, ladle refining, tensile properties.
Inclusions content of pencil ingots and continuously
cast billets (both ladle refined and unrefined) produced
from induction melted liquid steel have been
determined. It has been seen that billets produced from
unrefined or improperly refined melts contain higher
amounts of slag, inclusion and inhomogeneity in the
microstructure while refining in ladle refining furnace
of induction melted assorted scrap gives fairly clean
and refined liquid steel. Metallographic study of the
reinforcing bars produced from properly refined
continuously cast billets show uniform grain size, no
heterogeneity in the microstructure, little or no slag and
little inclusions and better mechanical properties.
Table1. Chemical compositions of the ingots/billets.
Heat
No
Casting
Type
%C %Mn Carbon
Equivalent
PI-1 Pencil
Ingot
0.34 1.10 0.52
PI-2 0.35 1.14 0.54
NB-1 Normal
Standard
Billet
0.32 1.15 0.51
NB-2 0.32 1.07 0.50
QB-1 Quality
Standard
Billet
0.33 1.06 0.51
QB-2 0.31 1.16 0.50
Tensile properties yield strength, ultimate tensile
strength, %elongation and %reduction in area of the
reinforced bars are presented in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Yield
strength and ultimate tensile strength of the reinforcing
bars produced from unrefined pencil ingot is lower
than normal and quality standard billets. The
reinforcing bars from quality standard billet shows
highest yield strength due to the lower number and
smaller sizes inclusions content in the steel bars.
All the reinforcing bars from pencil ingot show a
low value of %elongation and %reduction in area (Fig.
3). These may be due to the presence of slags and
larger size in higher number of non-metallic inclusions.
Figure 2. Variation of yield strength and ultimate tensile
strength of the reinforcing bars.
Figure. 3 Percentage of elongation and reduction in area of
the reinforcing bars.
The following conclusions can be drawn from this
study.
Pencil ingots contain different (higher in number
and larger in sized) amounts of inclusions and
give uncertain physical and mechanical
properties.
Normal standard billets were unrefined and
contain slags, inclusions and inhomogeneities in
structure. Final products from these billets give
inferior physical properties.
Quality standard billets produced through proper
refining give clean and refined liquid steels or a little
slags and inclusions. Finished products from these
billets have better mechanical properties.
Paper ID: 69
59
Utilizing Solar Energy in the Filling Stations of Bangladesh: Technical and
Economical Representation
Mohammad Jalal Uddin, Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury*, Md. Ridwanul Karim, Md. Arman Uddin and
Md. Bakiuzzaman
International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
KEYWORDS: Solar energy, Renewable energy, Photovoltaic panel, filling stations.
Bangladesh has a large number of fuel stations and
most of the fuel stations maintain large rooftop and
open space. This research is focused on increased use
of solar energy in the fuel stations of Bangladesh in a
convenient way. Some fuel stations of Chittagong city
including ‗M/s Alhas younus & Co. filling station‘ is
considered to carry on the research. This research
performed complete mathematical calculation and
economic representation for setting up photovoltaic
panel in the fuel stations. Mathematical design of the
complete system includes solar power station design,
solar panel design, battery estimation, inverter design,
charge controller design. Economical representation
includes cost calculation, income and detail calculation
of payback period.
Solar power station design:
Roof top area=167.22 m2
Total area=436.63 m2
We can set up 103 solar panel of 250wp on the roof top
area and 268 solar panel on the total area in this filling
station. But we are designing for the filling station that
power consumption. The filling station consumption
power is 50KWh in December. But we are calculating
for 65KWh in a month due to December is the winter
season.
Solar panel design:
Consumption power per day=2.17KWh
Energy to load (KWh/day) = KWp* Radiation *
System efficiency (p)
Or, 2.17= KWp*4.2*0.55
Or, KWp=0.939393KWp or 940Wp
We selected 250wp solar panel from market.
So number of solar panel=3.76≡4
Battery calculation:
Battery sizing watt hour rating:-
DOA* Energy to load (Wh) = Purchase capacity of
battery (Wh)* DOD
Or, 3*2170=Wh*0.7
Or, Wh=9300
Where capacity=Ah capacity*Terminal voltage
Or, 9300 =Ah capacity*12
Or, Ah capacity= 775
We selected 130Ah solar battery from market
So number of battery=5.96≡6
Economical representation:
Figure 1. Generation statistics.
Payback period:
Considering 1 kWh = 12 Taka
Total cost of the system =248642500Taka
Annual income = 23208876Taka
Payback period = cost /Annual income
= 248642500/23208876
=10.72years
Paper ID: 72
60
Conversion of Prawn Shell Waste into Value Added Products for Textile Finishes
Md. Mofakkharul Islam, Firoz Ahmed and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal*
Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi
University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
*mihmondal@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Prawn shell waste, Chitosan, Carboxymethyl chitosan.
In this paper, synthesis, characterization and
application of chitosan and its functional derivatives to
enhance the effectiveness of natural biopolymer for
intensified textile and other uses, for the eco-friendly
modified cotton fibres, to avoid chemical modifier has
been reported. The washed fibres were treated with
chitosan and its derivatives, and dyed with reactive
dyes. The treated fibreswere then tested for appearance,
tensile strength, absorbancy, wrinkle recovery and
dyeing properties. Chitosan was made from chitin,
which was obtained from processed prawn shell waste
by a chemical process involving demineralization,
deproteinization, de-colouration, and deacetylation.The
N-octyl chitosan derivative was obtained by reductive
amination of chitosan. Water soluble carboxymethyl
chitosan (CMCh) was prepared by reacting chitosan
with monochloroacetic acid in aqueous alkaline media.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the
effects of chitosan and its derivatives as modifier on
cotton as well as dyeing behavior. The molecular
weight, degree of deacetylation and ash content of
prepared chitosan were 1,39,958 Da, 85% and 2.33%
respectively. The moisture content, water holding
capacity and total nitrogen content were above 10%,
450% and 6.5% respectively. CMCh had an average
degree of substitution 0.82, determined by titrimetric
analysis. FTIR spectra showed characteristic peaks of
carbonyl group at 1659 cm-1
, amino group at 1600cm-1
,
asymmetric stretching of C-H in the methyl group at
1520 cm-1
and carboxylic group at 1737cm-1
,
respectively. Thus the product of reductive amination
and carboxymethylation of chitosan was investigated
by FTIR spectroscopy and their formation were
confirmed by NMR. The thermal behavior of chitin,
chitosan, N-octyl chitosan, CMCh, and their treated
cotton were investigated by thermogravimetric
analysis. These analyses showed moderate thermal
stability of those treated fibres than untreated fibres.
Modification of cotton by sorption of
N-octyl chitosan and CMCh introduces new functional
groups on the fibre surface with chemical bonding
which assured by FTIR. Surface morphology and
crystallinity of the modified fibres were carried out by
SEM and XRD respectively. As the modified fibres
also showed good dyeability and colour fastness as
well as other properties, the chitosan derivatives as
textile modifier would be helpful to avoid synthetic
petroleum-based chemical modifier.
Paper ID: 74
61
Textile Performance of Functionalized Cotton Fibre with Silane Coupling Agents
Md. Khademul Islam, Md. Abdul Aziz and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal*
Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* mihmondal@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Cotton fibre, Silane coupling agents, Textile performance.
Modification of cotton fibre was studied by
condensation polymeriza-tion with functionalized
silane coupling agents like vinyltrimethoxy-silane
(VTMS) and 3-Glycidoxy propyl-triethoxysilane
(GTS) in ethanol/water medium. The use of sodium
dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant in ethanol/water mixture
accelerate the dispersion of VTMS and GTS in
ethanol/water mixture which accelerates the hydrolysis,
condensa-tion as well as the fibre surfuce
functionalization. The optimized condition of
modification with VTMS and GTS was 600% and
400%, respectively in ethanol/water mixture (60:40)
containing surfactant by maintaining pH 3.5 at 400 C in
the fibre-liquor ratio of 1:40. The modified cotton fibre
was subjected to evaluate some of the properties like
swelling behavior in different solvents and moisture
absorption. It was observed that swelling behavior and
moisture absorption of modified cotton fibres were
decreased in polar solvents, whereas these increased in
nonpolar solvents.
Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy was used
to identify the incorporation of silicon containing
species, Energy Disperse X-ray analysis determine the
quantities of atomic silicon which directly reflects it‘s
valence bond with organic moieties, Scanning electron
microscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis were
used to investigate the surface morphology and thermal
behavior of the modified fibre respectively. The
modification of cotton fibre enhanced the tensile
properties, water repellency, wrinkle recovery and
flexibility due to the Si-O-Si bond in the chain of
trisilanol pendent branch attached through Si-O-C bond
between trisilanol and cellulose substrate.
Paper ID: 75
62
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose With Higher Yield
From Corn (Zea mays L.) Husk
Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin, Md. Abu Sayeed, Md. Abu Raihan Ali and
Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal*
Polymer and Textile Research Lab, Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
* mihmondal@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Corn husk, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Cellulose particle sizes.
Corn husk is a waste part of corn (Zea mays L)
obtained largely from corn harvesting area, rich source
of cellulose. 45.69% pure cellulose was extracted from
raw husk using concentrated caustic soda and acidified
sodium chlorite processes. Carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC) was synthesized by etherification process from
extracted corn husk cellulose at different particle sizes
(1071, 340, 149, 100 and 74 µm) using 7.5 molL-1
NaOH and 12 molL-1
monochloroacetic acid (MCA) at
55°C for 3.5 h with aqueous ethanolic medium. There
were two reactions occurred simultaneously during
carboxymethyla-tion, the primary reaction which
produced pure CMC, and the side reaction that
produced undesired sodium glycolate and sodium
chloride. CMC was purified several times in a series of
alcohol washes and separations, and sodium glycolate
& sodium chloride contents in the purified CMC were
determined. The yield, degree of substitution (DS),
molecular weight, solubility, water holding capacity,
oil holding capacity and gel content of the prepared
CMC were determined.
The produced cellulose and CMC were identified by
FTIR and the crystallinity was determined by XRD
analysis. Surface morphology of the cellulose and
CMC were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM). The yield of CMC was found to be dependent
upon the size of the cellulose. The highest yield of
CMC, 2.40 g/g, obtained at cellulose particle size 74
µm. Solubility, molecular weight and DS increased
with decrease cellulose particle sizes. The purity of the
CMC was 99.98%, sodium chloride and sodium
glycolate contents in the purified CMC were 0.01%
and 0.01% respectively. Synthesized CMC showed
DS, 2.41; water holding capacity, 5.11 g/g; oil holding
capacity, 1.59 g/g; and gel content, 99.96%. The
decreased cellulose particle size allowed higher yields
as well as higher DS of CMC providing plenty of
opportunities for its multipurpose applications, such
foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics etc.
Paper ID: 76
63
Synthesis and characterization of hydrogels from cellulosic materials for Green
Absorbent Products
Md. Obaidul Haque, Md. Abu Sayeed and Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Polymer and textile Research Lab, Department of Applied chemistry and chemical Engineering,
Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205
* mihmondal@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Cellulose, Hydrogels, Water absorption.
Hydrogels with biodegradable property is highly
appreciable and ultimate expectation of the scientists at
the present time. Copolymerization treatment of
cellulose and cellulose derivatives can play a vital role
in producing green hydrogels and improving the
absorption performance of many absorbent products.
Hydrogels are polymeric substances and due to
hydrophilic functional groups in their structure capable
of holding large amount of water compared to its body
mass. Crosslinking is one of the simplest reactions used
to improve the physical properties of cellulose and
cellulose derivatives. In this work an innovative
cellulose-based environment friendly hydrogel was
synthesized as an alternative to acrylate-based
synthetic hydrogels for personal care products and
other absorption purposes. The cellulose-based
hydrogels were prepared by free radical graft
copolymerization reaction of cotton with acrylic acid
and acrylamide using N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide
as a crosslinker in the presence of potassium
persulphate (K2S2O8) as an initiator for this system.
The maximum water absorption capacity of the
prepared hydrogels were found 50 g/g in deionized
water. Preparation condition was optimized depending
on monomer concentration, temperature and
crosslinker concentration. pH dependency on water
absorbency, gel content and time for equilibrium water
absorption were also investigated. For structural
characterization FTIR spectroscopy, SEM analysis,
TGA and XRD techniques were performed. The result
reveals that prepared hydrogel could be used
effectively alternate to acrylate based synthetic
hydrogels in personal health care and also as absorbent
materials in the polluted water treatment.
Paper ID: 77
64
Study of Encryption Techniques for Multimedia
Md. Martuza Ahamad* and Md. Ibrahim Abdullah
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh * martuza.cse@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Multimedia, Encryption, Decryption, RSA, Blowfish, AES, XOR.
During recent years the telecommunication industry
has made tremendous progress in their development of
systems that offer more bandwidth to the end user.
Multimedia content (e.g., text, audio, video and still
images) is made available for user through
communication network [1]. It is important to secure
the multimedia content when it transfers from sender to
receiver. There are several encryption techniques. Each
algorithm has advantages and limitations. Usually
multimedia content file size is large. Thus encryption
algorithm should be time efficient.
In this work we study time efficiency of most used
encryption algorithms: Blowfish, AES, XOR and RSA
for two types of multimedia content: text and image.
We study the encryption and decryption time of these
algorithms for different types of file size. We have
developed Java simulator to find encrypt and decrypt
time. The computer is HP 4th
Gen. Probook 450 with
Intel® Core™ i5-4200M CPU @ 2.50 GHz, 4 GB
RAM with Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) 64-
bit Operating System.
For our simulation we have used 23 samples of text file
of size 1KB to 1MB and 14 samples of BMP image of
size 10KB to 2200KB. When we develop our
simulation program we use 128bit key size for all of
algorithms. Figure 1 and 2 represent encryption and
decryption time for text. Figure 3 and 4 shows
encryption and decryption time for image.
Figure 1. File size vs Encryption time for text.
Figure 2. File size vs Decryption time for text.
Figure 3. File size vs Encryption time for image.
Figure 4. File size vs Decryption time for image.
In our study, AES is the best performed algorithm than
other most used algorithms and RSA is the poorest
performed algorithm. Blowfish and XOR has average
rate of performance. In AES for a certain range of data
the taken time is same. Blowfish is the second best
performed algorithm and its taken time is linearly
increased with load. In XOR, it perform nice when load
is small but when load is large its performance will be
poor.
Paper ID: 83
65
Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Deposition of SiO2 Films from Reaction
of Silicone Oil Vapor and Ozone Gas
Arifuzzaman Rajib1*
, Susumu Horita2, Atowar Rahman
3 and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
3
1 Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology, Gopalganj, Bangladesh 2 School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan
3Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* rajib.apee.38@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Low-Temperature SiO2 deposition, APCVD, FT-IR spectroscopy.
Low temperature deposition of SiO2 film on a silicon
substrate is desired for high quality gate oxide films to
obtain high performance thin film transistors (TFTs).
This paper reports, the deposition of SiO2films on
silicon substrate by using chemical reaction of silicone
oil vapor and ozone gas at low temperature. An organic
solution as a catalyst at atmospheric pressure has been
used to enhance the deposition rate of SiO2.
The chemically cleaned substrates were loaded into
the chamber (Fig 1), and heated at a deposition
temperature. The silicone oil (SO) was also heated (50
ºC) and vaporized directly by bubbling with N2 gas
through a stainless tube (55 °C). The organic solution
was mixed with silicone oil vapor and N2 gas, and then
flown into the chamber. The ozone was generated by
the ozonizer from O2gasand then introduced into the
chamber together with the silicon oil vapor.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of APCVD method.
The thickness of the as-deposited films was
measured by the laser ellipsometry. The average
deposition rate was found to be 13.2 and 3.7 nm per
minute with and without organic catalyst, respectively.
The chemical structures of the as-depositedSiO2 films
were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra of the as-deposited films
are very much similar to those of SiO2 films found in
literature.
4000 3000 2000 1000
0.0
0.1
0.2
Absorbed CO2Si-OH(2)
Si-O(1)
Ab
sorb
an
ce (
arb
. u
nit
)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Flow rate of nitrogen for oil FN2=0.35 slm,
Substrate temp. TS=200°C,
Flow rate of oxygen, FO2=0.5 slm,
Si-O(2)
Si-OH(1)
Absorbed H2O
5 Minutes
10 Minutes
15 Minutes
Deposition time
Figure 2. FT-IR spectra of deposited SiO2 films.
The deposition rate is increased with the increasing
the certain deposition temperature and then it started
decreasing with further increasing the deposition
temperature. Reduction of deposition rate after certain
value of deposition temperature can be interpreted by
the fact that the heat radiation enhances the formation
of SiO2 film in the space and hence reduce the
deposition rate of theSiO2 films.
150 180 210 240 2700
4
8
12
16
Dep
osi
tio
n r
ate
(n
m/m
in)
Deposition temperature (oC)
Deposition time = 10 min,
N2 flow rate for oil = 0.35 slm,
N2flow rate for org. soln.= 0.1 slm,
O2flow rate = 0.5 slm
Org. soln. Temp.
Torg= 34.1 ºC
Torg= 28.1 ºC
Torg=21.9 ºC
Figure 3. Deposition rate vs deposition temperature curve for
different organic solution concentration.
Experimental results show that the deposition
rate of SiO2 on Si substrate can be enhanced and
controlled by controlling the deposition temperature
and catalyst solution temperature.
Paper ID: 84
66
An Improved Representation of Audio Signal in Time-Frequency Plane
Kazi Mahmudul Hassan1*, Md. Ekramul Hamid
2, and Takayoshi Nakai
3
1Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2 Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
3 Dept. of Electric & Electronic Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu-shi, Japan
* munnakazi92@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Time-frequency representation, Hilbert spectrum, 2T-EMD, Filterbank, Fractional Gaussian noise
To analyze non-stationary signal like audio, time-
frequency representation is an important aspect. In case
of representing audio signal in time-frequency-energy
distribution, hilbert spectrum is a popular way which
has several advantages than other methods like STFT,
WT etc. Hilbert-Huang Transform is a prominent
method consists of both Empirical Mode
Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectral Analysis
(HSA). An enhancement of EMD called Turning
Tangent empirical mode decomposition (2T-EMD) has
recently developed to overcome some limitations like
cubic spline problems, sifting stopping condition etc.
2T-EMD based hilbert spectrum of audio signal
encountered some issues due to the generation of too
many IMFs in the process. In this work, a mutual
implementation of 2TEMD & classical EMD is
proposed which enhances hilbert spectrum
representation of audio signals. This refinement of
hilbert spectrum not only contributes to the future work
of source separation problem but also many other
applications in audio signal processing.
The algorithm of the proposed method is given
below:
St. 0: Choose a threshold point based on filter bank
property of fGn for selecting number of IMFs
using 2T-EMD method.
St. 1: Decompose the signal with 2T-EMD method
to get IMFs set and a residue signal.
St. 2: Decompose residue signal with classical EMD
method and get new IMFs set.
St. 3: Concatenate the 2T-EMD IMFs set with EMD
IMFs set to make the final set of IMFs.
St. 4: Hilbert Transform the IMFs and generates
final Hilbert Spectrum.
A block diagram and outcome of proposed method
applied on a sample audio signal (Speech & Flute
mixture) is shown here.
Figure1: Proposed method applied on a sample signal.
When classical EMD decomposes an audio signal, it
produces less number of IMFs that we required for
successful decomposition. Whereas though 2T-EMD is
an improved version of EMD, due to the new mean
definition and other improvements, it produces many
redundant IMFs. Because of this, the hilbert spectrum
representation of an audio signal becomes quite
meaningless especially in lower frequency region. Here
a method is proposed which is a combined
implementation of 2T-EMD and EMD method that
takes first few IMFs from 2T-EMD and the rest of the
IMFs are from EMD. The threshold point i.e. the
number of IMFs we take from 2T-EMD is selected
based on the satisfaction of Filter Bank property by 2T-
EMD method. Also the reconstruction error rate of
sample audio signal is in 10-16
range which is quite
acceptable in most of the application.
The enhancement of the representation of audio
signal mixture in time-frequency-energy distribution
can contribute significantly in case of source separation
and many other applications.
Paper ID: 85
67
On the Optimization of Number of Message Copies for Multi-Copy Routing
Protocols in Scalable Delay-Tolerant Networks
Md. Sharif Hossen and Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim*
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
* sajid_ice@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Delay-tolerant networks, Routing, Simulation, Performance metrics, ONE simulator.
Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs), also referred to as
Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs),
are kinds of mobile ad-hoc networks, where there is no
persistent route from source to destination. Unlike
Binary Spray-and-Wait (SNW) routing, where in wait
phase when a node has only a single copy which
cannot be forwarded to any node except for waiting to
direct transmission to destination, in focus phase of
Spray-and-Focus (SNF) routing, this single copy can
be forwarded to a more appropriate relay using single-
copy utility-based routing scheme as follows:
Let every node i maintains a utility value for
every other node j in the network. Then, a node A
forwards to another node B a message destined to node
D, if and only if , where Uth =
threshold value of utility.
Here with varying number of nodes for L copies, we
have evaluated the performance of SNW and SNF
routing techniques for three performance metrics:
delivery probability, average latency, and overhead
ratio. These metrics show that SNF routing exhibits
better performance for only 2% of copies. But in case
of SNW routing, it is 10% of the message copies.
Figure 1. Delivery probability with varying number of nodes
for L copies.
Figure 2. Average latency with varying number of nodes for
L copies.
Figure 3. Overhead ratio with varying number of nodes
for L copies.
Paper ID: 86
68
Emotional Bangla Speech Signals Classification using K-NN
Md. Tohidul Islam*, Md. Ekramul Hamid and Somlal Das
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* tohid@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Emotion Recognition, Bangla Emotional Speech, MFCC, KNN.
Emotion detection from speech is the identification of
emotional or physical state of a human being from his
or her voice. Although emotional state does not alter
the linguistic content, it is an important factor in human
communication because it provides feedback
information in many application such as Ticket
reservation system, call center etc. According to Banse
& Scherer‘s (1996) study on vocal emotional
expression, there are fourteen distinct emotional
categories. For simplicity, we considered only the most
traditional emotions: happy, sad, angry and neutral (no
emotion).
There are a lot of works on emotion detection. Most
of them were done on English language. Besides some
works also done on German, Mandarin, Telugu
language. So emotion detection in Bangla speech is
relatively a new field. The most common challenge is
that there is no emotional Bangla speech database.
We had generated 62 sentences for the corpus. The
sentences were semantically neutral statement (dates
and numbers). We asked 3 persons to pronounce the
sentences according to each emotional mood (happy,
sad, angry and neutral). Thus we have a maximum of
248 sentences for a given student. The recoding system
used was AVS Audio Editor 7.1, with a sampling rate
of 16 kHz and encoded in single channel 16bit PCM.
All recording were transcribed by hand.
MFCCs are the most widely used spectral
representation of speech in many applications,
including speech and speaker recognition. Kim et al.
(2007) argued that statistics relating to MFCCs also
carry emotional information. For each 25ms frame of
speech, 13 MFCC parameters were calculated by
taking the absolute value of the STFT, warping it to a
Mel frequency scale, taking the DCT of the log-Mel-
Spectrum and returning the first 13 components. We
also performed some aggregate functions on these
parameters along all frames. This results a feature
vector of length 56.
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of our emotion
recognition system. We calculated MFCC as the
emotional feature from each input data. Then, the
speech was classified by pattern classification method
(K-NN).
Figure 1. Block diagram of emotion recognition.
Table 1 shows the confusion matrix of our emotion
recognition system from Bangla speech. The rows and
columns represent original and recognized emotion
categories, respectively. For example, first row says
that 96 sentences that belong to angry were recognized
as angry, 00 sentence as happy, 00 sentence as sad and
02 sentence as neutral. So, the recognized accuracy of
anger is 97.96%. We can see that our system do better
in recognizing anger. The mean recognizing rate is
71.43%.
Table 1: Confusion matrix of our System
Angry Happy Sad Neutra
l
Accurac
y
Angry 96 00 00 02 97.96%
Happy 00 59 17 22 60.20%
Sad 00 15 64 19 65.30%
Neutr
al
00 35 02 61 62.24%
In this paper, we built a Bangla emotional database that
cover angry, happy, sad and neutral emotions. We will
continue to get more emotion category into our
database to make it complete so that we can use it to
some real world applications such as Ticket reservation
system, call center.
Testing
Data
Training
Data
Feature
Extraction
(MFCC)
Feature
Extraction
(MFCC)
Classific
ation &
Decision
Making
(K-NN)
Classified
Result
Paper ID: 90
69
Content based Image Searching Using Multidimensional MSF
Saiful Islam1*, Ekramul Hamid
1 and Emdadul Haque
2
1Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Dept. of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* msiscse@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Markov stationary feature, Markov chain, MMSF, CBIR, Content based image searching.
An effective content-based image feature called
Markov Stationary Feature (MSF) was introduced (J.
Li et al, 2008) for image indexing, searching and
classification in the context of large scale image
databases. It characterizes the spatial co-occurrence of
histogram patterns by Markov chain models.
In the context of MSF characterization, images in
the database are divided into four categories depending
upon the discrimination capability of histogram
analysis: histogram-level distinguishable, intra-bin
distinguishable, extra-bin distinguishable and
histogram undistinguishable images. To form the so-
called MSF, initial and stationary distributions of the
homogeneous Markov chain are combined to encode
the intra-bin and extra-bin relationship of histogram,
respectively. In practice, the MSF method generally
outperforms the corresponding earlier content based
methods (usually suitable for small scale image
database) like Color histogram (G. Pass et al, 1996),
Color Coherence Vector (CCV) (G. Pass et al, 1997),
and Color Auto Correlogram (J. Huang et al, 1999)
features.
Subsequently, some research such as Directed
Markov Stationary Feature (DMSF) (Bingbing Ni et
al, 2009), Multi-direction Markov Stationary Feature
MDMSF (F. Lee et al, 2012), and Markov Stationary
Features and Vector Quantization Histogram
(MSFHQ) (Qiu Chen et al, 2014) based on the same
model have been demonstrated to enhance the
performance of the original MSF.
Though the MSF method and its extended versions
are far better than the earlier methods, they still suffers
difficulty if the underlying image database is
heterogeneous. To overcome the problem, we propose
multidimensional Markov Stationary Feature (MMSF)
model that extends the current MSF by populating
more spatial information by computing
multidimensional co-occurrence matrices of an image
with multiple numbers of histogram bins depending on
the image quantization levels.
Suppose an image I is quantized into nK levels, thus
the set of histogram bins are
. Here, N
indicates the dimension of our proposed NMSF
method. Then, the corresponding co-occurrence
matrices are then calculated as ;
with each element
where d indicates distance between two pixels
and . accumulates the number of co-occurrence
for and . After computing the different co-
occurrence matrices homogeneous Markov chain
model is adopted for every co-occurrence matrix
(essentially converted to a transition matrix) to
characterize the spatial relationship of corresponding
histogram bins (interchangeably, states of in the
Markov chain model). Corresponding initial
distribution and stationary distribution are then
calculated and concatenated (from the co-occurrence
matrix and transition matrix, respectively) to form one
dimensional MSF. The resultant MSFs for every co-
occurrence matrices contribute to form our proposed
NMSF feature space.
The proposed NMSF method can moderately solve
the difficulties prevailing in the original MSF method.
Our experimental results (Fig.1) have justifies the
effectiveness of the proposed system.
Figure 1. Average Precision-recall curves of
Histogram, CAC, original MSF, and proposed MMSF
for randomly selected images from the Corel 1000
database.
Paper ID: 92
70
Silicon Nanocrystals based Schottky Junction Solar Cell Fabrication and
Characterization
A.T.M. Saiful Islam1*, MD. Enamul Karim
2, Arifuzzaman Rajib
1 and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
2
1Dept. of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh 2Dept. of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* saifulslm6@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Schottky junction, silicon nano-crystal, photovoltaic.
A photovoltaic cell can be developed from the
Schottky junction between a semiconductor and a
metal, with or without an insulating layer between
them. This work reports a single-layer Schottky
photovoltaic device that was fabricated by drop-casting
intrinsic silicon nano-crystals (Si-NCs) from colloidal
solution.
In this work a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO)
was fabricated on the glass substrate using electron
beam evaporation (E-beam) technique and then a layer
of Si-NCs was developed on that ITO coated glass by
drop casting of Si-NCs and dicholobenzen mixture.
Then a thin layer of Aluminium (Al) was developed
over the Si-NCs layer by using E-beam technique.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to
study the surface morphology of fabricated Si-NCs
layer. The photoluminance and the variation of the
absorption on thickness of the Si-NCs layer was
studied using UV flurophotometer. Photo-current
versus voltage (I-V) characteristics was studied with a
Keithley model 2400 source meter and a solar
simulator system.
A layered structure of proposed Schottky junction
solar cell is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. A typical schematic of the layered structure
of schottky junction solar cells.
The experimental procedures to fabricate this solar cell
are divided in following steps A. Silicon nano-crystal processing.
B. Cleaning of the glass substrate.
C. Deposition of thin films by E-beam.
D. Preparation of colloidal solution of Si-NCs with
DCB.
E. Final device fabrication and encapsulation.
F. Device characterization
From the experiment it is clear that the absorbance
of the Si-NCs layer increases with increasing of
fineness of the Si-NCs. The I-V characteristics of the
designed Al/Si-NCs/ITO with and without LaF3 were
studies under forward and reverse bias condition. In
this work LaF3 is used because it can lower the work
function of the Al cathode. This help to enhance the
charge collection efficiency by providing proper
energy band matching at the Al/Si interface. The dark
I-V characteristic of the fabricated device shows a
typical rectifying junction behavior with threshold
voltage of 0.3V. The I-V characteristic with LaF3
buffer layer clearly indicates an enhancement (around
15 times) compared to without LaF3 structure.
Figure 2. The I-V characteristics of the fabricated solar cell under 1.5 AM light with LaF3 buffer layer.
Compared to Schottky junction photovoltaic
reported previously, the whole fabrication method (in
this work) is simple, cheap and fast. The performance
parameters such as, Short circuit current density (JSC),
Open circuit voltage (VOC), Fill-factor (FF) and Power
conversion efficiency was low for our fabricated cells.
This may due to fabrication process used to fabricate
the solar cell, processing environment, quality of the
Si-NC etc.
Paper ID: 93
71
Fabrication and Characterization of α-Fe2O3 Homo-Junction
Photocathode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
Arifuzzaman Rajib1*, Atowar Rahman
2, A. T. M. Saiful Islam
1 and Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
2
1 Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology, Gopalganj, Bangladesh 2 Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* rajib.apee.38@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Photo-catalysis, Metal-Oxide semiconductor, Homo-Junction photocathode.
Production of H2 by water splitting using sun light has
become of great interest among the researchers. Solar
water splitting is considered as an ideal technology to
harvest and store abundant solar energy as clean and
easily transportable hydrogen fuel. Photo-
electrochemical (PEC) cell requires a bias voltage
supplied from an external energy source for efficient
overall water splitting. But the practical PEC water
splitting cell should be a stand-alone device with no
need for an external energy supply. Generally a tandem
cell with another photo-electrode or a photovoltaic
(PV) cell is commonly employed for the stand-alone
devices.
In this paper, we report the fabrication homo-
junction photocathode from a scientifically attractive
material hematite (α-Fe2O3). To make a homo-junction
of Fe2O3, which is naturally, n-type, Zn was doped
Fe2O3 (Zn: Fe2O3) to turn it into p-type. The p-n Fe2O3
homo-junctions were prepared by a simple two-step
spin coating method on ultrasonically cleaned fluorine
doped tin oxide (FTO) (300 nm thick with a sheet
resistance of ~8Ω/sq.) coated glass.
Figure1. Experimental setup for water splitting.
In the first step, 1M Fe2O3 was deposited on FTO
substrate, then annealed for two-hour at 450 ºC in air.
In second step, 0.005M Zn doped Fe2O3 was deposited
on the α-Fe2O3 films, and finally annealed for four-
hour at 450 ºC in air.
The fabricated photocathode was tested in a home-
made experimental set-up with two electrode system
(Fig-1). The thickness of Fe2O3 and Zn: Fe2O3 was also
tuned for the optimum output. The band gap of Fe2O3
and Zn:Fe2O3 were also studied to find the optimum
condition (layer and concentration).
-0.75 0.00 0.75 1.50 2.25
-0.003
0.000
0.003
0.006
0.009
Cu
rren
t (m
A)
Bias voltage (V)
Dark current (without water)
Light current (without water)
Dark current (with water)
Light current (with water)
Figure 2. I-V characteristics for 5 layer of n/p into the water
and without water.
I-V characteristics of photocathode clearly show a
rectifying behavior (Fig-2) with and without water. It is
observed from the I-V characteristic of the junction
that the knee voltage of homo-junction photocathode in
the water was smaller than without water. Reduction of
knee voltage in the water can be interpreted by the fact
that some of the charges came from electrolyte were
accumulated on the junction, and which in turn
decreases the knee voltage.
Experimental results show that homo-junction
photo-cathode of earth-abundant Fe2O3 can be a very
promising electrode for stand-alone PEC cell for solar
water splitting.
Paper ID: 95
72
Human Recognition based on Adaptive Background Mixture Models and Improved
Histogram of Oriented Gradients
Shayhan Ameen Chowdhury and Kaushik Deb*
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET),
Chittagong 4349, Bangladesh
* debkaushik99@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Background subtraction, Gaussian mixture models.
Human recognition in a video surveillance system has
vast application areas including suspicious event
detection, human activity recognition, human
locomotion characterization and fall recognition for
patients etc. In this paper, a framework for human
recognition by generating a background model for
background subtraction process without the prior
knowledge about the backgrounds is proposed.
Initially, every pixel is modeled as a mixture of
Gaussians and use a probabilistic method to update the
model. These Gaussian distributions are then estimated
to find out which are generated from a background.
Each pixel is labeled depending on whether the
Gaussian distribution which exhibits it adequately is
considered part of the background model. Then
morphological operation is used to eliminate
discontinuities in the foreground. After that, the
framework determined which of the ROIs represent
human. Finally, features are extracted from each ROI
for classification. We studied the limitation of
Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and identified
that it cannot differentiate between some local
structures. To resolve this issue, we proposed a new
feature descriptor improved histogram of oriented
gradients (ImHOG). Various videos containing moving
human are used with variety of conditions to test the
proposed framework and results are presented to prove
the effectiveness.
The escalation of computer vision usages impelled
human recognition as an active research field. HOG
proposed by Dalal et al. (2005) is a very robust feature
descriptor but some local structures cannot differentiate
properly due to mapping gradients of inverse
orientations into same orientation bin. Figure 1 shows
the framework for human recognition. First the input
video is converted into frames. From each frame a
binary image is extracted by subtracting background
process.
Feature
vector
Binary
imageInput frame
Subtracting
background
Labeling and
filtering
Extracting Improved
HOG features
Classifier
(SVM)
Human /
Non-Human
ROI
Figure 1. The proposed framework for human recognition.
Morphological closing operation is applied to
remove holes in the foreground. After that connected
component labeling and filtering is used to find ROIs
and remove non-human regions. The filtering condition
is that the height of the labeled object modeling a
human needs to be two times larger than its width.
Then ROI is processed to generate ImHOG features.
The proposed feature descriptor ImHOG extends HOG
for a cell by including an additional bin which is the
sum of the absolute difference of the gradients of
inverse orientations. ImHOG features then send to
SVM for classification. Processing example of human
recognition is illustrated as Figure 2.
Figure 2. Processing example of human recognition: (a)
input frame, (b) binary image, (c) ROI(s) and (d) recognized
object(s).
We have tested this human recognition framework
on numerous video dataset and acquired an over 94%
human object recognition rate. In this paper, a
framework for human recognition is proposed, which
aimed at recognizing human object from video streams
with high adaptability and precision.
Paper ID: 96
73
A Practical Approach to Spectrum Analyzing Unit using RTL-SDR
Md. Habibur Rahman, Md. Mamunoor Islam*
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology,
Chittagong, Bangladesh
* mcm.mithu@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Software defined radio (SDR), RTL-SDR dongle, Spectrum analyzer, Tuner IC.
At present scenario, there has been an immense
advancement in the field of wireless communication in
this modern engineering world. Now-a-days, the
advancement of Software defined radio (SDR) system
has made significant progress which makes it as a
serious substitute of traditional hardware radio
architectures where the mathematical procedures are
obligatory to decode and process radio signals using
analogue circuitry.
Traditionally spectrum analyzing activities are
mainly performed by governmental agencies where
expensive specialized hardware setups are used. With
these radio architectures, a special receiver for almost
each radio communication standard is needed.
Recently, computers have turned out to be powerful
enough to do the required mathematical calculations
using software.
Hence, aim of this paper is to demonstrate a RTL-
SDR based spectrum analyzer which can be used
proficiently as an alternative of existing hardware
spectrum analyzer. This approach will lessen the
complexity of analogue hardware system with the
higher tractability of software based filtering and
demodulation techniques.
Several approaches have been made by the
researchers all over the world employing this device on
their research works such as D. Pfammatter et al.
(2014), K. Tapping et al. (2015), J. Saalmüller et al.
(2015) and T. Zhang et al. (2015).
As RTL-SDR devices are quite cheap
(Approximately 20$) and small sized, this system also
offers cost effectiveness with provision of portability
(T.Rudolph, 2013). An experimental study was
conducted practically with suitable conditions to
examine the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed
system. The block diagram of the methodology is
illustrated below (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Operational Method.
Various types of signals have been received and
analyzed by this spectrum analyzing system in practical
tryout. In Bangladesh, GSM 900 and GSM 1800 bands
have been used for mobile communication system.
Banglalink, a local mobile operator in Bangladesh uses
895.2-900.2 MHz frequency band for uplink. This
uplink frequency received by RTL-SDR are illustrated
and analyzed below (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. FFT Spectrum of Uplink Frequency.
The experimented data of GSM uplink signal
bandwidth analyzed from the figure is close to real data
which is 200 KHz (B. Furht, M. Ilyas, 2003).
So, RTL-SDR device can be used as an alternative
for spectrum analyzing purposes by which the
complexity in signal analysis can be lessened easily.
Though the performance of this system is not fully
apposite, the system is both user-friendly and cost
effective compared to the traditional hardware system.
So it can be used as a modern spectrum analyzing tool
which has wide range of frequency tuning
conveniences for analyzing the signal more
proficiently.
Paper ID: 97
74
Fabrication of Bismuth Ferrite Multiferroic Perovskite Nanoparticles Using an
Aqueous Organic Gel Route
Mayeesha M. Haque1* , M. S. Parvez
1, M. S. Islam
1, M. A. Hakim
2, M. A. Gafur
3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
2 Department of Glass and Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET),
Dhaka- 1000 , Bangladesh 3Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh
* mayeesha009@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Multiferroic, Perovskite, Nanoparticles, Sol-gel. X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Multiferroic materials exhibit simultaneous
ferroelectric and magnetic orders and gained
considerable interest due to their prospect for advanced
technological applications such as, non-volatile
multiple state memories, magnetically tunable
piezodevices, spintronics, and new generation
photovoltaic devices [1]. The potential of multiferroics
in advanced technological applications is the
inspiration behind the attempt to synthesize bismuth
ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO) nanoparticles in the present
investigation.
Nano-sized single-phase BiFeO3 particles within the
size range of 30- 50 nm have been synthesized by an
aqueous organic gel route in this experiment. By
controlled heating of a homogeneous solution of
analytical-grade Bi(NO3)3.5H2O and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O
with the presence of HNO3 and C4H6O6 a precursor
powder was formed, which was calcined at varying
temperatures to yield BFO powder. The vibrational,
structural, morphological and thermal properties of the
prepared BFO powders have been studied by FT-IR
(Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, XRD (X-
ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)
and TG/DTA (Thermogravimetric and Differential
Thermal Analysis).
The FT-IR study preliminarily indicates the
formation of FeO6 octahedra due to the presence of the
peak around 445 cm-1
whereas presence of BiO6
octahedra can be inferred from the peak present around
550 cm-1
[2]. The XRD spectra show that pure BiFeO3
phase is formed in all the fabricated samples. A single
phase BFO is obtained at a temperature of 500o C and
higher. The calculated lattice parameters a, b and c
correspond to rhombohedrally distorted (R3C) unit cell
of BFO. Lattice constants a and c remained more or
less constant while the value of b increased gradually
with the increase in temperature which caused the
crystal volume to increase as well. The particle size of
the prepared powder has been calculated using
Scherrer‘s formula and remained within the range of
28-39 nm which is below the spin cycloid of BFO (64
nm) [3].
The particle morphology of the prepared BFO
powder samples was studied using SEM. The observed
particle size of the BFO samples increased with the
increase in calcination temperature and remained
within the range of 30 - 50 nm as shown in fig. 1,
which is well in agreement with the particle size
calculated using XRD line broadening.
Figure 1. SEM micrograph of BFO samples calcined at (a)
450o C and (b) 500o C TG/DTA result indicates that the formation of BFO
phase initiates around 300o C or below with some
pyrochlore phase [4]. The result also suggests that
formation of single phase BFO is complete within a
temperature range of 500- 550o C, which is well in
agreement with XRD results.
In this experiment BFO nanoparticles were
synthesized successfully at variable calcination
temperatures via an aqueous organic gel route. The soft
chemical route provided an easy and reproducible
approach to fabricating BFO nanoparticles of desired
morphologies. This experiment can be considered the
cornerstone in developing advanced research schemes
regarding practical application of BFO nanoparticles.
Reference:
1. R. Ramesh, N. A Spaldin, Nature Materials, 6, 21.
(2007)
2. J. Yang, X. Li, J. Zhou, Y. Tang, Y. Zhang, Y. Li,
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 509, 9271. (2011)
Paper ID: 101
75
Purification, Characterization and Anti Proliferative Activity of A Lectin
Isolatedfrom MulberrySeeds
*Mst. Jesmin Sultana1, Syed Rashel Kabir
2 and M. Taufiq Alam
3
1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
2Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
3Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
*jesmin_mse@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Lectin, purification, Heagglutination, affinity chromatography, Antiproliferative.
Lectins are a class of proteins that bind sugar
specifically and agglutinate cells. It is widely
distributed in nature, being found in animals, insects,
plants and microorganisms. Plant lectins have a broad
range of biological implication. Mulberry is the only
food and nutritional source for Bombyx mori L. It is the
host plant of silkworm which produces silk [1].
Mulberry seeds has lot of medicinal values so it is used
as conventional therapeutic plant throughout Southeast
Asia especially in Bangladesh. Literature shows that
galactose and mannose specific lectins has been
purified from mulberry seeds by absar et al. [1, 2]. In
this research a sword bean lectin specific mulberry
seed lectin (MSL) was isolated and purified from the
seeds of morus alba l. (mulberry plant) by extraction
with acetate buffer at pH 4.0, followed by 90%
ammonium sulfate precipitation. The dialyzed
ammonia sulfate precipitate was subjected to affinity
chromatography using an agarose gel-matrix on which
sword bean lectin was immobilized. The newly
prepared affinity matrix was able to purify mulberry
seed lectin in a single step. The purified mulberry seed
lectin is monomer in nature as judged by SDS-PAGE
and its MW was estimated to be 22 kDa. Mulberry seed
lectin powerfully agglutinated with erythrocytes, the
minimum concentration was found to be 0.031 μg/ml
in mice, 0.125 μg/ml in chicken, 8 μg/ml in bovine and
0.25 μg/ml in human blood types A, B and O
erythrocytes. This agglutination was inhibited
specifically by D-glucose and D-mannose,
respectively. Highest lectin activity was observed
between 30-60ºC. MSL lost its activity 78% at 70ºC
and completely at 80 ºC. MSL showed 56% and 70%
inhibition against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) cells
in vivo in mice when administered 1.4 mg/kg/day and
2.8 mg/kg/day (i.p) respectively for five days.When
MSL injected into the EAC bearing mice for 10 days
its significantly increased the hemoglobin and RBC
value towards the normal label.
Reference
1. Absar, N., Yeasmin, T., Raza, M. S., Sarkar, S. K., &
Arisaka, F. (2005). Single step purification,
characterization and N-terminal sequences of a mannose
specific lectin from mulberry seeds. Protein Journal, 24,
369–377.
2. Yeasmin, T., Tang, M.A., Razzaque, A., Absar, N.
(2001) Purification and characterization of three
galactose specific lectins from mulberry seeds (Morus
sp.). Eur J Biochem. ; 268:6005-10.
Paper ID: 102
76
Analysis of GLDAS Data for Estimating and Distribution of
Evapotranspiration and Rainfall Over Bangladesh
Md Ataur Rahman, Md Mainul Islam Mamun and Md Monirul Islam*
1Department of Applied physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rajib_apee@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Evapotranspiration, Rainfall, GLDAS, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is one of the most climate vulnerable
country. Nowadays climate is setting more stress on
agricultural productivity. The climate change may lead
to change in evapotranspiration (ET). The present work
investigates the spatio-temporal variations in ET and
rainfall under climate change in Bangladesh with the
help of Global Land Data Assimilation System
(GLDAS). ET and rainfall are analyzed at annual and
seasonal scale to find out the pattern of ET and rainfall
in the study area during the period 2004-2013.
Fig.1 shows the temporal variation of ET over
Bangladesh for the period 2004-2013. The ET is
exhibiting a good periodic pattern which is increasing
gradually from 2004 to 2013. It is also observed that
the rainfall is decreasing across Bangladesh during the
last decade which is not shown in figure.
Figure 1. Trend in evapotranspiration over Bangladesh
for the period of 2004-2013.
Fig.2 shows the spatial distribution of ET over
Bangladesh for the period 2004-2013. The vertical bar
represents the scaling of total ET. The eastern part of
Bangladesh is showing higher value of ET but the
western is showing lower value of ET. It is also
observed that the eastern part of Bangladesh is showing
higher rainfall rate whenever the western part is
showing lower rainfall rate during the last decade as
shown in Fig.3.
The seasonal variations of ET and rainfall rate over
Bangladesh were observed based on four seasons:
winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons
(not shown in figure).
The seasonality of ET exhibits the patterns of
higher values during summer & post-monsoon seasons
whereas lower during winter & monsoon seasons. On
the other hand, it is also observed that the seasonality
of rainfall rate exhibits the patterns of higher values
during summer season whereas lower during winter,
monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Lower
evaporative energy and lower temperature in winter
may be the reasons for minimum ET and minimum
rainfall rate in winter.
The analysis of annual and seasonal distribution of
ET and rainfall give the rate of ET and rainfall are
lower in the western region than the other regions of
Bangladesh. Thus the western region of Bangladesh
will require more irrigation and vegetation.
Figure. 2. Annual-mean spatial distribution of ET over
Bangladesh for the period of 2004-2013.
Figure. 3. Annual-mean spatial distribution of rainfall rate
over Bangladesh for the period of 2004-2013.
Paper ID: 105
77
Robustification of Logistic Classiferfor Binary Classification in
Microarray Gene Expression Data
Md. Shahjaman1,2*
, Md. Mushfiqur Rahman1, Md. ManirHossain Mollah
1, AnjumanAra Begum
1, S. M. Shahinul
Islam3 and Md. NurulHaque Mollah
1
1Laboratory of Bioinformatics,Department of Statistics, University ofRajshahi,Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
2Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
3Institute of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
* shahjaman_brur@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Gene expression, Logistic classifier, Differential expressed (DE) genes, Median absolute deviation
(MAD), robustness.
The aim of classification is to separate/classify the
new objects into one of two or more populations on
the basis of a training data set whose category
membership is known. A number of classifiers exist in
the literature by many authors. Among them logistic
classifier is a standard and popular method for
building prediction models for a binary outcome.
However, most of the classifiers are sensitive to
outliers including logistic classifier when the gene
contamination rate is increased. Also most of the
classifiers suffer with inverse problem of its covariance
matrix in presence of large number of genes (p)
variables with small number of patients/samples (n) in
the training dataset. To overcome the earlier problem,
an attempt is made to detect outliers and modify the
outlying data points in training data set using median
and median absolute deviation (MAD) method, then
we apply the logistic classifier. To overcome the later
problem, we select few top differentially expressed
(DE) genes for binary classification on modified
training dataset using the t-statistic.
We examine the performance of our proposed method
with other classifiers like linear discriminant analysis
(LDA), support vector machine (SVM), naive Baye's
(NB) and classical logistic for simulated and real
datasets in case of both small and large-sample. We
generate the training and test datasets for the data type
D = {D1,D2}, first we consider n1 = 20 and n2 = 20
samples from m = 2 different multivariate normal
populations Np(μ1,V ) and Np(μ2, V ) of different
dimensionsp=5 and 15 respectively.The figure-1 shows
that the common mean difference vs misclassification
error rate in presence of one or two outlying sample in
training dataset across the genome.
Figure 1. Mean difference vs misclassification error rate.
The table 1 shows the average performance results of
five methods (LDA, SVM, NB, Logistic and
Proposed) based on 100 datasets generated for data
type D. It is obvious from the figure 1 and table 1 that
our proposed method show better performance than the
other classifiers in presence of outliers. We also
observed that in absence of outliers our proposed
method keeps equal performance. Table 1.Performance evaluation based on simulated data in
presence of one or two outlier(s) across the genome
MethodsAUCpAUC
LDA 0.650 0.029
SVM 0.816 0.134
NB 0.790 0.125
Logistic 0.700 0.033
Proposed 0.975 0.175
Paper ID: 113
78
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of α-Defensin Peptides in Vertebrates
Arafat Rahman*, M Sahidul Islam, OtunSaha and Titon Chandra Saha
Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
* arafat@nstu.edu.bd
KEYWORDS: α-Defensin, Antimicrobial Peptides, Vertebrates, Evolutionary Analysis, Selection.
α-Defensin is a group of polypeptides with
antimicrobial activity found in host-defense system and
it is widely distributed in but not limited to mammalian
epithelial cells and phagocytes. These molecules
protect organism from a diverse spectrum of bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and protozoan parasites.
Different studies revealed wide sequence variation
within α-defensin sequences but underlying
evolutionary cause is not well-studied. In this study, α-
defensin gene from 25 vertebrate species has been
comprehensively collected and computationally
analyzed.
Gene and nucleotide database of NCBI was accessed to
extract meta-information of 101 α-defensin genes and
full CDS sequences downloaded from its nucleotide
database by splitting-out intron sequence.
MEGA software used to construct phylogenetic tree
using Neighbor-Joining method. This analysis indicates
that α-defensin gene evolution do not matches with
species evolution and copy-number of this gene differs
among species.
Selection analysis was carried out using DataMonkey
web-server's FEL, SLAC, IFEL, MEME, TOGGLE
and REL program on both propeptide and defensin
super-family codon-aligned sequences to test different
hypothesises. Positively selected sites found on both
propeptide and defensin domain, but the effect of
negative-selection pressure is higher (Table 1 and
Figure 1, respectively).
SWISS-MODEL web-servers were used for homology
modeling of selected α-defensin genes. Structural
variation observed on α-defensin proteins which may
indicates heterogenous structure-function relationship
between species that reflects its interaction with
particular pathogen. This study provides new
perspective on the relationships among α-defensin gene
repertoires which will help to infer its evolution.
Table 1. Evidence of positive selection using SLAC method
on α-defensin domain sequences at 0.1 significance level. Codon dN/dS Normalized
dn/dS
p-Value
7 16.0808 0.961451 0.0290828
9 11.5606 0.691191 0.0592005
11 11.7879 0.70478 0.0905814
13 12.0578 0.720919 0.057693
19 9.92191 0.593217 0.0902638
Figure 1. Negative purifying selection signal measured by
FEL in propeptide part of alpha defensin gene sequences.
Paper ID: 115
79
Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria Protect the
Spoilage of Functional foods
Md. SymoomHossain, Md. Abdul Alim Al-Bari*, Mir Imam IbneWahed and Md. Anwar Ul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
*alimalbari347@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Probiotics, microencapsulation, biopreservation, functional food.
Probiotic live bacteria have been paid considerable
attention to scientific researchers for treating several
diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases,
colorectal cancer, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune
diseases like rheumatoid arthritis etc., as well as in
diagnostic purposes such as production of biomarkers
e.g., detection of cancers and diabetes. To achieve
beneficial effects for human health, probiotic bacteria
must have good technological properties, survive
gastrointestinal passage and be able to function in the
gut environment. When probiotic bacteria
administered orally, they must be protected from the
stomach acidic condition and can be denatured by bile
acids, antimicrobial compounds and degradative
enzymes before reaching the target sites. These
obstacles limit their arrival to the gut in alive. The
microencapsulation technique protects them from
these unfavorable conditions. In microencapsulation,
the live probiotic bacteria and/or their bioactive
compounds are trapped to protect from the harsh
conditions and to deliver them with improved survival
rate.
Microencapsulation technique of food processing is
an innocuous and ecological approach for food
preservation. To harmonize consumer demands with
the necessary safety standards, traditional means of
controlling microbial spoilage and safety hazards in
foods are being replaced by innovative technologies
including biological antimicrobial systems. This trend
has favored consumption of foods enriched with
physiologically active components including probiotic
bacteria.
Here, we screened pharmaceutical probiotic
products and curds for rejuvenation and identification
of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. We found a
discrepancy between the enumerated viable bacteria
amounts and the claims of the manufacturers.
The preservative activity of microencapsulated
lactic acid bacteria (LAB 1-4)in orange juice (OJ) had
been observed due to the lowering of pH to 3.3 through
acid production and the inhibition of growth of
pathogenic microorganisms which can cause food
spoilage, food poisoning and disease. By contrasting
free form of LAB, the average pH decreased from
3.94 to 2.71 in OJ containing free bacteria after
four weeks of storage. This result suggests that
bacteria in micro encapsulated state had a more
stable survival environment. By doing this, the
shelf life of fermented food can be prolonged.
Figure1. pH change in orange juice micro encapsulated LAB.
The microencapsulated probiotics would be used in
preservation of food and beverage industry in place of
chemical preservatives for the production of functional
foods in the near future.
Paper ID: 117
80
Preparation of Highly Cross-linked Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles and
Application in the Separation of Arsenic from Water
M. K. Sharafat*, H. Ahmad, M. A. Alam and M. M. Rahman
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205
* mksharafat10@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Styrene, Divinylbenzene, Suspension polymerization, Highly crosslinked polymer.
The contamination of daily used water by toxic
metal ions is a worldwide environmental problem.
Since the degradation of toxic metal ions does not
occur naturally, they have a tendency to accumulate in
organisms and enter the food chains. Among the
different toxic metals, arsenic (As) is a common and
toxic pollutants which is mobilized by natural
weathering reactions, biological activity, geochemical
reactions, volcanic emissions and other anthropogenic
activities. Most often in supplied water As exists in
inorganic forms: arsenite (AsO33−)
and arsenate
(AsO43−
).
Iron oxide magnetic particles have become a
promising research field in separation technology
because of their easy separation by external magnetic
field and can be applied for the removal of toxic metals
from waste water. Highly cross-linked Fe3O4/P(S-
DVB) particles were prepared in this research by
suspension polymerization of styrene (S) and
divinylbenzene (DVB) in presence of nano sized
Fe3O4particles.The mixture was sonicated for 3 min at
10,000 and 5,000 rpm prior to the polymerization
respectively and finally polymerized at 75°C for 24 h.
At first Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-
precipitation of Fe2+
and Fe3+
from their alkaline
aqueous solution. To stabilize the magnetic
nanoparticles, the surface of the particles was modified
with oleic acid.TEM images of Fe3O
4 P(S-DVB)
particles and P(S-DVB)/Fe3O
4 composite particles
prepared at sonication speed 10,000 rpm and 5000 rpm
are given below which show that the size of Fe3O4/P(S-
DVB) composite particles prepared at 10000 rpm
sonication and 5000 rpm sonication are larger than
Fe3O4 particles which indicates the possibility of the
formation of P(S-DVB) layer on the surface of Fe3O4
particles.
Figure 1. TEM images of Fe
3O
4 (a), P(S-DVB) (b) particles
and P(S-DVB)/Fe3O
4 (c,d) composite particles prepared at
sonication speed 10,000 rpm (b,c) and 5000 rpm (d).
The morphology and surface structure were also
characterized by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, light
microscope, thermo gravimetric analysis and X-ray
diffraction spectroscopy. The theoretical porosity
calculation indicated that the porosity present on the
surface of polymer as well as magnetic polymer
composite.
Table 1. Porosity calculation.
S.
No.
Parameter Polymer Composite
1 Bulk density 0.3945 0.4728
2 Particle
density
3.3143 1.6607
3 Porosity% 88.10 71.53
Finally, the Fe3O4/P(S-DVB) composite particles
were used for the removal of As from As contaminated
water which showed good adsorption capacity
(19.77×10-3
mg/m2) in adsorption compared to the P(S-
DVB) particles(10×10-3
mg/m2) after 2h of mixing.
b
c d
a
500nm
nm
500 nm
50 nm 500 nm
Paper ID: 124
81
Preparation of Hydrophobic Poly ((lauryl methacrylate)-coated Magnetic Nano-
Composite Particles and Their Application as Adsorbents for Organic Pollutants
RukhsanaShabnam* and Hasan Ahmad
Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205
*rshabnam09@yahoo.com
Keywords: Lauryl methacrylate, Suspension polymerization, Hydrophobic, Nano-composite.
This work introduces a method for the preparation
of magnetic nano-composite particles coated with
highly crosslinked poly (lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA),
a hydrophobic polymer containing long chain alkyl
groups, used for application in waste water treatment.
Magnetic (Fe3O4) nano particles were prepared by
coprecipitation of Fe2+
and Fe3+
from their alkaline
aqueous solutions which was encapsulated with SiO2
using traethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Then precipitation
copolymerization was carried out using LMA and
divinyl benzene (DVB) in presence of Fe3O4/SiO2
particles within stable droplets containing hexadecane–
toluene mixture (4:1 mixture HD-T) as porogen. The
produced magnetic composite particles named
Fe3O4.SiO2/P(LMA-DVB) were characterized by
Fourier Transform IR (FTIR), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray
diffractometer (XRD) analyses. Then the prepared
composite particles were used for the removal of
organic pollutants from water. In the FTIR spectrum of
Fe3O4, the strong band at 1059 cm-1
corresponds to
Si―O―Si bonds indicated the bonding of SiO2 to
Fe3O4. The appearance of the signals at 3400 and 1617
cm-1
, the new peaks in the region 2761–2968 cm-1
, the
small signal at 1710 cm-1
corresponded to the stretching
vibration of ester carbonyl group derived from LMA,
the shoulder peak at around 3000 cm-1
confirmed the
formation of trilayered magnetic Fe3O4/SiO2/P(LMA-
DVB) composite particles. The discernible six
characteristic peaks for Fe3O4 that appeared at 30.3°,
35.6°, 43.5°, 54.0°, 57.4° and 63.0° indexed to (220),
(311), (400), (422), (511) and (440), respectively,
which matched well with the standard database of
magnetite. The peak positions remained the same
during different steps of modification, indicating that
the crystalline structure of the magnetite is essentially
maintained. The broad diffraction peak averages at
13.2° represent the amorphous SiO2 and copolymer
layer.
Figure1. XRD spectra of Fe3O4/SiO2/ P(LMA-DVB)
composite particles.
The efficiency of Fe3O4/SiO2/P(LMA-DVB)
composite particles as an adsorbent for organic
pollutants was evaluated on the basis of the adsorption
behavior of some organic pollutants like herbicide
(gramaxone), phenol, salicylic acid and congo red (dye)
on Fe3O4/SiO2/P(LMA-DVB) composite particles. It
was evident from the results that the magnitude of
adsorption is dependent on the nature as well as
molecular size of the pollutants. The adsorption
efficiency reached maximum for hydrophobic large
molecular weight congo red followed by phenol.
Composite particles have minimum loading efficiency
for herbicide. It is most likely that the higher water
solubility of the pollutant is responsible for poor
adsorption efficiency. The removal of different organic
pollutants by magnetic composite particles driven by
hydrophobic interaction was evaluated. They showed
good adsorption capacity particularly for hydrophobic
organic pollutants.
Paper ID: 125
82
Statistical Methods for Functional Analysis of Metagenomes
Zobaer Akond1, 2, 3*
and Md. Nurul Haque Mollah2
1Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi
2Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi
3Agricultural Statistics and ICT Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
* akond25@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: random forest, multiple dimensional scaling, linear discriminant analysis.
Metagenomics is the relatively new area of
Bioinformatics which enables to understand the
diversity of microbes, their functions, cooperation and
evolution in particular ecosystem. The voluminous data
generated through DNA sequencing in each
metagenome makes identifying key differences in the
function and taxonomy between communities.
Two statistical techniques are employed for
functional analysis of 212 metagenomes within and
between 10 environments against 27 metabolic
functions (Dinsdale et al., 2013).
Random Forest (RF) is typically used to classify the
data either in supervised or unsupervised manner. A
subset of the data and variables is used to generate the
trees, and thus the approach can predict the
environment to which a metagenome belongs. It
generates a measure of the importance of each variable
calculated by the mean decrease in accuracy (Figure 1).
It finds the 8 most important metabolic functions
among which Photosynthesis has the highest score
70.20; Phages, Prophages has the second highest score
61.31 and Membrane Transport has the eight highest
score 45.29. These 8 most important metabolic
potentials are used for multidimensional scaling
method.
Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a visualization
technique that directly scales objects based on either
similarity or dissimilarity matrices (Quinn and Keough,
2002).It is useful for showing which metagenomes
have similar features (Figure 2).
The MDS plots are accomplished with the 10
predefined environments by considering the 8 most
important metabolic variables. In this analysis, the
visualization highlights the separation of the microbes
from human or animal hosts from other samples along
the first dimension and the separation of the aquatic
and mat communities along the second dimension.
Random Forest shows that phage activity is a major
separator of host-associated microbial communities and
free-living. It also finds the 8 most important metabolic
functions. The MDS technique suggests that mat
communities separated from both the animal associated
metagenomes and the aquatic samples by the vitamin
and cofactor metabolism.
Paper ID: 126
83
Simulation of Microalgae and CO2 Flow Dynamics in a Tubular Photobioreactor
and Consequent Effects on Microalgae Growth
Saumen Barua1*
, Mohammad Morshed Alam2 and, Ujjwal Kumar Deb
3
1Department of Mathematics,Sir Ashutosh Govt. College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
2Department of Mathematics,Chittagong College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
3Department of Mathematics, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh
*baruasaumen@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Microalgae, Biofuel, Tubular Reactor, CFD, Simulation.
Nowadays energy plays a central role in
development and functioning of the world economy. It
is also true fact that continuous use of liquid fossil fuel
is unsustainable due to depleting sources of fossil fuel.
So, to find an alternatives to fossil fuel have engaged
scientists and entrepreneurs around the world.
Microalgae based biofuel is considered as the most
sustainable alternative to the fossil fuel (Y. Chisti.
2007). In microalgae based biofuel technology, the
main optimal factors for microalgae cultivation are
light, CO2, temperature. CO2 is the main carbon source
for photosynthetic culture of microalgae. The optimal
growth of microalgae depends on CO2 requirement
with different species of algae and geometries of
Photobioreactor (PBR) (Bitoget. al., 2011). In this
study, a two phase flow for CO2 and Microalgae
suspension is considered to understand fluid dynamics
phenomena after injecting CO2 gas inside the tubular
PBR. The growth rate of the microalgae cell is a
function of available light irradiance at a geographical
location while concentration of the cell is related to the
growth rate.
The Tubular PBR is considered in our study have
the radius of 0.025 m while length is 20.94 m. The
surface area and working volume are 3.279m2 and
0.04043 m3 respectively. A fine mesh design is
considered for our simulation with 125691elements
and 1055747 degrees of freedom. For the light energy
from the sun, we considered the location of the
computational domain is placed at Chittagong
University of Engineering & Technology (CUET),
Chittagong with latitude 057222 and longitude
618591 on 21 June (for bright sunny and the
longest day) with average 13.27 day hour. The
ComsolMultiphysics was used to simulate the results.
Figure 1. Cell Concentration for the day seven of the
culture.
Figure 2. Shear rate distribution along the entire
computational domain.
From the simulation after day seven we observed a
very slow growth for the microalgae culture. Figure-1
shows the cell concentration of microalgae culture on
the seventh day from morning (06:00) to the evening
(18:00) increases about 0.013 kg/m3. From this result
we can deduce that the growth related to concentration
of microalgae is increased by day length with respect to
continuous light and CO2.We also study the effect of
CO2 injection inside the PBR on flow phenomena. A
small fluctuation of shear rate around U-loop area is
also found in this study which might reduce the cell
concentration around U-loop areas due to cell fragility
which shown in the Figure-2.
Paper ID: 127
84
MLE Based Robust ICIM for QTL Analysis with Backcross Population
Md. Amanullah1, Md. Mamun Monir
2, Md. Jahangir Alam
1, Md. Alim Hossen
1, Mita Khatun
3 and
Md. Nurul Haque Mollah1
1Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, China
3Department of Physics, Govt. Edward College, National University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* aman.ullah_1990@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Quantitative trait loci (QTL), Interval Mapping (IM), Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM),
Beta-likelihood.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is a widely
used statistical method for detecting the influential
genes of quantitative traits. Inclusive composite
interval mapping (ICIM) is one of the most popular
approaches for QTL analysis to separate the genetic
architecture of a certain trait. In ICIM stepwise
regression is use to select representative markers of
QTLs and earlier to mapping subtracts the influence of
the background variants from phenotypic data. Indeed,
after subtracting influences of the background QTLs,
ICIM approach equivalent to classical interval mapping
(IM) approach. ICIM approach use classical likelihood
function to estimate and predict QTL effects and
position. Therefore, in presence of phenotypic outliers
the approach can give biased estimate of both QTL
effects and positions. In this paper, we proposed robust
ICIM algorithm by maximizing beta-likelihood
function. The proposed method reduces to the
traditional ICIM method when beta tends to 0. The
tuning parameter beta plays an important role on the
performance of the proposed method for QTL
mapping. It controls the trade-off between the
robustness and efficiency of the estimators. The
analysis results of simulated data show that the
proposed method produces more better results in
presence of outliers than classical ICIM for backcross
population; otherwise its keep equal performance.
To investigate the performance of the proposed
method in a comparison with others traditional
approaches, let us first consider three linked QTLs with
15 equally spaced markers in each of chromosomes
where any two successive marker interval size is 5cM.
The true QTL position is located in chromosome 2 with
marker 18, 21 and 25. The true values for the
parameters in the ICIM model are assumed as μ = 0.2,
a = .4 and σ2= 0.2. To test the null hypothesis H0: a= 0
vs. H1: a≠0, we generated 250 trait values. To
investigate the robustness of the proposed method, we
contaminated 20% trait values in this dataset by
outliers. Then we computed LOD scores by IM, ICIM
and the proposed methods for both types of datasets.
Figure 1 shows the LOD scores profile for the
contaminated dataset, where dashed, dotted, solid line
and two dash represents the LOD scores at every 1cM
position in the chromosomes as before for original
(ICIM), IM, ICIM and the proposed method with β =
0.02, respectively. It is seen that the classical IM and
ICIM methods are fail to detect the true QTL position
when the data are contaminated with outliers.
However, in presence of outliers, the highest LOD
score peak occurs in the true QTL position by the
proposed method only (see Figure: 1).
Figure 1. LOD score profile in presence of outliers.
Paper ID: 129
85
Evaluation of PCA in Spatial, Frequency and Wavelet
Domains for Face Recognition
Samsi Ara* and M. Babul Islam
Dept. of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
* nahar4953@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: Face recognition, PCA, Wavelet transform, ORL face database.
Principle component analysis (PCA) is a linear
technique of dimensionality reduction which transforms
data in the high dimensional space to low dimensional
space. In this paper, the performance of PCA in spatial,
frequency and wavelet domains has been evaluated on
ORL face database. The database contains 400 images of
40 persons, i.e, 10 for each person.
In PCA, the eigenfaces obtained from the eigenvectors
form a basis set of faces which can be used to recognize
face images.
Let I be a 2-D image of size nn and transformed to 1-D
image vector as TnnIII ),(,),2,1(),1,1( .
Now, for M concatenated training images the mean image
[Figure 1(a)] is computed as
M
i
iM
1
1 (1)
The mean-centered image for each image is
ii (2)
The covariance matrix of the mean-centered images is
given by
TAAC (3)
where MA ,,, 21 and the size of C is 22 nn .
Therefore, calculating 2n eigenvectors and eigenvalues
correspond to C needs a tremendous computational effort.
To reduce the computational cost AAT can be used
instead of C as in [1] to obtain M eigenvectors and
eigenvalues. Now, the ith eigenface [Fig. 1(b)] can be
obtained as
MiVVU i
Tii
Tii ,,2,1),( (4)
where iV are the eigenvectors of C. It should be noted that
the )( MP significant eigenvectors correspond to P
highest eigenvalues instead of M eigenvectors can be
used.
Now, a face image can be projected into the eigenface
space as PkU Tkk ,2,1),(
In the recognition process, the Euclidean distance
given in Eq. (5) of each face of training dataset from test
face is used to determine the belonging class of the test
face.
22
kk (5)
where is a vector representing the test image in the
eigenface space.
(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) Mean face, (b) Eigenface In frequency domain PCA (FPCA), the Fourier
magnitudes of the intensity values of pixels of the images
are used to obtain the eigenface space following the same
process as like in the spatial domain PCA.
Recently, Wavelet Transforms (WTs) have been applied
in different image processing applications. The 2-D DWT
decomposes an image into subbands of lower resolution
which in turn reduces the computational complexity of
estimation of eigenfaces. In this paper, the Daubechies 4
(db4) wavelet [2] has been used to decompose the face
image into 4 subbands, such as, approximate, horizontal,
vertical, and diagonal components. Then the approximate
components are used in the PCA algorithm to obtain the
eigenface space.
From Figure 2 it has been found that the maximum
accuracy is obtained for FPCA whereas the minimum
accuracy is obtained for spatial domain PCA. For wavelet
domain PCA (WPCA) the recognition rate is slightly lower
than that of FPCA but much better than PCA.
Figure 2. Recognition rate for PCA, FPCA & WPCA.
References [1] M. Turkand A. Pentland, ―Eigenfaces for recognition,‖
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,vol.3, no. 1,pp.71–
86,1991.
[2] I. Daubechies, ―The wavelet transform, time-frequency
localization and signal analysis,‖ IEEE Trans. Information
Theory, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 961-1005, 1990.
Paper ID: 137
86
Time-Frequency Coherence Analysis of Multichannel Brain Signals Using
Synchrosqueezing Transform
Md. Sujan Ali1,2
, Mst Janntul Ferdous1,2
, Md. Ekramul Hamid1 and Md. Khademul Islam Molla
1*
1Department of Computer Science and Eng., University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2Department of Computer Science and Eng., Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh
* khademul.cse@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Brain computer interface, synchrosqueezing transform, time-frequency coherence.
This paper presents a novel approach to analyze
time-frequency coherence between the channels of
electroencephalography (EEG) signals in brain-
computer interface (BCI) paradigm. The brain signal
EEG is captured by spatially distributed sensors placed
on the scalp. The connectivity of different parts of
brain is an interesting study to the BCI research
community. The neural synchronization of human
brain mostly depends on both time and frequency. The
short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet
transform are generally used to measure the time-
frequency coherence. The EEG signal is usually
nonstationary in nature and hence it is a great challenge
to implement coherence based analysis. The STFT is
considered to solve such problem, it is not entirely
resolved due to the following reasons: i) within each
short-time period the stationarity of neural data cannot
be assured, ii) the resolution of time frequency
representation is restricted by Heisenberg uncertainty
principle. Although wavelet transform is considered as
data adaptive signal analysis method, it uses basis
function called mother wavelet for signal
decomposition and faces time-frequency resolution
problem.
The synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is one of the
techniques based on the continuous wavelet transform
(CWT) that generates highly localized time-frequency
representations of nonlinear and nonstationary signals.
The SST overcomes the limitations of STFT and
wavelet transform based time-frequency (TF)
representation. It represents the perfect localization of
frequency components. The SST reassigns the energies
of CWT such that the resulting energies of coefficients
are concentrated around the instantaneous frequency
curves of the modulated oscillations. The coherence is
computed using auto and cross spectrum derived from
the TF space of the desired channels.
Figure 1: TF coherence analysis (a) synthetic signal X, (b)
synthetic signal Y, (c) STFT based TF coherence between and
(d) SST based TF coherence between signal X and Y
The TF coherence between two EEG channels is
estimated in this work based on the STFT as well as
SST and compared. The performance of the proposed
SST based time-frequency coherence is evaluated on
both synthetic signals and real data. The experimental
results show that the SST based TF coherence
illustrates enhanced resolution than STFT. Two
synthetic signals
X=[sin(2πf1t),sin(2πf2t)],Y=[sin(2πf1t),sin(2πf2t)] and their
TF coherence are shown in Fig 1, where f1=5Hz and
f2=10Hz. There are different time alignment of two
sinusoids to generate X and Y. It is observed that the
proposed method is more efficient than STFT for
localization of frequency components with higher
resolution in coherence domain. The SST based
method represents a sharper coherence frequency
definition at 5Hz and 10Hz than that of STFT. The
coherence of single frequency is present for wide
ranges of adjacent frequencies in STFT due to the
presence of cross-spectral energy. The proposed SST
based coherence estimation method is applied to real
EEG signals of different motor imagery. The
performance is compared with STFT based measure of
TF coherency.
Paper ID: 139
87
Experimental Study on Optical Characterization of
Mono Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Nusrat Chowdhury1*, Md. Abdur Rafiq Akand
2, and Zahid Hasan Mahmood
3
1Institute of Energy, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Solar Cell Fabrication & Research Division, Institute of Electronics, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy
Commission, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
* nusrat_105@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Surface Photo Voltage, minority carrier diffusion length, carrier life time.
The experimental works have been done on the
optical characterization of mono crystalline solar cell
by Surface Photo Voltage (SPV) measurement for
fabricated solar cell by observing minority carrier
diffusion length (L) & life time (τ). The core objective
of this research was to reduce the cost of solar cell and
increase the efficiency by analysis the optical
characterization. As the PV cell is one kind of photo
diode so the surface photo voltage is very important
part of characterization of cell fabrication. There is a
direct relation between the minority carrier lifetime and
solar cell efficiency. The method of SPV is a
contactless system that helps to analysis the optical
characterization of semiconductors. It measures the
diffusion length of minority carriers in the region of
essential light absorption inside solar cells and wafers.
The minority carrier diffusion length, L is an important
factor for cell efficiency and spectral response of the
mono crystalline silicon solar cell. It is also necessary
for evaluation of the p-type silicon wafer. In this
experiment the surface photo voltage (SPV) of
fabricated solar cells have been analyzed and observed
minority carrier flow by Light Current Voltage (LIV)
tester as it represented the quality of fabrication
process and efficiency of the solar cell. A simple
computer-controlled, normal incidence measurement
system was designed for SPV measurements of
minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime of Si-
solar cell. Measurement system is based on a mini
monochromator driven with a steeper motor to vary
wavelengths in 400-1200 nm spectral range. Light
induced surface photo voltage is measured as a
function of the wavelength. SPV is measured using a
Standard Research 510 lock in amplifier. A LabVIEW
interface is used for system control and data
acquisition. After calculating the experimental data
obtained from mono crystalline silicon solar cells
measurement, minority carrier diffusion length and life
time were calculated and it was 92 µm and almost
3.135 µs respectively. By using solar simulator‘s (Sun
Simulator K3000 LAB55) platform at 25oC efficiency
was measured and it was 16.05%.
This figure (Figure 1) is used to find the value of
diffusion length that is found by its –x intercept and the
value is 92 𝜇𝑚 and minority carrier lifetime becomes
3.135 .
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
Reciprocal of Penetration depth (1/alpha)
Recip
rocal of
SP
V (
1/V
spv)
Figure 1. 1/alpha vs 1/Vspv represents minority carrier
diffusion length
From sun simulator, we have obtained the
efficiency 16.05% ,open circuit voltage 0.606 V and
short circuit current 61.256 (mA/cm2).
The minority carrier lifetime and efficiency are very
important parameter to explain the quality of solar cell.
We observed that diffusion length sometimes small
valued. It happened due to recombination.
Recombination occurs in many reasons. Doping causes
defects and more recombination.
Paper ID: 142
88
Canonical Correlation Analysis for SNP based Genome-Wide Association Studies
Atul Chandra Singha1*
, Arafat Rahman2, Jahangir Alom
3, Md. Nurul Haque Mollah
3
1Department of Statistics, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Bangladesh
2Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Bangladesh
3Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* atul_ru09@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: SNPs, GWAS, CCA, Quantitative traits, Outliers, Minimum β-divergence method.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are
powerful tools for measuring the association between
genotype phenotype pairs in bioinformatics. Most of
the human diseases and traits have a strong genetic
architecture. GWAS is successful in identifying
common genetic variants underlying complex traits or
diseases like cancer, type-II diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, schizophrenia and quantitative traits such as
lipid levels and metabolomics. Now an important
approach to GWAS is to test the association between
multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
against multiple quantitative phenotypes. Canonical
Correlation Analysis (CCA) is one of the most popular
multivariate statistical techniques to test the association
between multiple SNPs against multiple quantitative
phenotypes. However, it is not robust against
phenotypic contaminations. To overcome this problem,
in this paper an attempt is made to robustify the CCA.
To robustify the CCA, we consider some popular
robust analyzers like Minimum Covariance
Determinant (MCD), Minimum Variance Ellipsoid
(MVE), Orthogonalized Gnanadesikan-Kettering
(OGK) estimators including the Minimum β-
divergence estimator. Using simulated data analysis,
we observed that CCA based on Minimum β-
divergence method (proposed) shows better
performance than classical CCA as well as robust CCA
based on MCD, MVE and OGK estimators in presence
of outliers (see Figure 2). Otherwise proposed method
keeps equal performance to the classical CCA as well
as robust CCA based on MCD, MVE and OGK
estimators (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Performance comparison in absence of
contamination.
Figure 2. Performance comparison in presence of
contamination.
Paper ID: 143
89
Frequency Recognition of SSVEP for BCI Implementation Using Canonical
Correlation Analysis with Adaptive Reference Signals
Shalauddin Ahamad Shuza1, Md. Rabiul Islam
1, Md. Kislu Noman
1 and Md. Khademul Islam Molla
2
1Department of Computer Science and Eng., Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2 khademul.cse@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Brain computer interface, Canonical correlation analysis, Visual evoked potential.
Brain computer interface (BCI) is a direct
communication pathway between brain and computer
devices without any muscular movement. It takes
signals generated by the brain activity and converts it
into machine readable command. The frequency
components of brain signal for any task may differ in
different time but it is similar to visual flickering
generated by retina excitement. Based on this
technique, steady-state visual evoked potential
(SSVEP) system is developed. Flickering of LCD
(liquid crystal display) with a constant frequency is
used to generate SSVEP based command in BCI
implementation. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA)
uses artificial sinusoidal signals of flickering frequency
of SSVEP. Such reference has features less than real
SSVEP signals. Therefore, the use of real SSVEP as
reference signals will enhance the frequency
recognition performance. In this paper, the recorded
SSVEP signals of already tested trials are successively
included together with the artificial sinusoids to obtain
the adaptive reference set.
The trial in SSVEP means capturing of
electroencephalography (EEG) for a single guess of
visual stimuli for a specific stimulus frequency. The set
of reference sinusoidal signals T
KYYYY ],,[ 21 including H harmonics of
corresponding stimulus frequencies Kfff ,,, 21 is
used in CCA; where
.2cos,2sin,,2cos,2sin HtfHtftftfY nnnnk
If Xn is the nth
trial of SSVEP signal for kth
stimulus,
CCA(Xn,Y) recognize the frequency as fk. In online
BCI, the stimulus frequency of the trial TC
nX (C is the
total number of EEG channels and T is the length of
signal) is recognized before capturing1nX . It is noted
that the trials121 ,,, nXXX are available during the
recognition of Xn. In the proposed method called data
adaptive CCA (AdCCA), an improved reference signal
is derived using real SSVEP data defined
as Tn
T XXYY 11 ,,,ˆ to recognize current
trial Xn, where
C
c iCi cXX1
1 )( . The block
diagram of the proposed method is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Block diagram of proposed method.
To evaluate the performance of AdCCA, 12
different stimulus frequencies of five subjects are used
for SSVEP frequency recognition. Individual subject
generates 15 trials for each of 12 different stimulus
frequencies. The method does not require training data.
The average recognition accuracies over the five
subjects for different time lengths of capturing SSVEP
signals are illustrated in Table1.
Table 1: Average accuracy of CCA and AdCCA
It is observed that the performance of the proposed
method is better than that of the standard CCA for a
wide range of the length (0.5s to 4s) of SSVEP signals.
The underlying reason of improved performance of
AdCCA is that the real references contain more
frequency components than artificial signals. Such
property of the adaptive reference signals (combination
of artificial and real SSVEP) produces higher
correlation while recognizing using CCA. The
processing time of single trial SSVEP of the proposed
method is short enough to implement online BCI.
Methods .5s 1s 1.5s 2s 2.5s 3s 3.5s 4s
CCA 21 45.4 64.9 73.7 78.2 82.3 85.4 87.3
AdCCA 21 50.1 69.7 79 84.1 86.7 90 92.4
Recognized Trial
Y
Xn Recognition by CCA
DerivenX Add
nX toY
Paper ID: 148
90
Expert Reviewer Detection from Online Experiential Product Reviews
Atiquer Rahman Sarkar
Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
atiq@vu.edu.bd
KEYWORDS: Expert Reviewer Detection, Product Reviews, Experiential Product.
Consumer reviews have emerged as one of the most
influential factors on a person‘s purchase behavior.
Customers are uncertain about the true quality of the
products buy and this uncertainty is greater for
experiential products like movies, books, songs etc.
because repeated purchase of the same product is quite
uncommon for such products. People spend hours
going through numerous reviews to make an informed
decision and to build confidence on the product they
are planning to buy. Several studies have shown that
people cite product reviews as a top influence in their
purchase behavior. In their study, Zhao et al. (2012)
has found evidence of ―stronger learning from product
reviews than learning from own experience‖ and this is
more so to the cases of experiential products.
McGlohon et al. (2010) mentioned that consumer
recommendations are the most credible form of
advertising among 78% of survey responders. Chen et
al. (2011) mentioned a Wall Street Journal report
(2006) that 71% of online U.S. adults use consumer
reviews for their purchases and 42% of them trust such
a source.
Popular products have thousands of user generated
reviews. It is important to detect expert reviewers from
the reviewer community so that users get to know the
credible expert opinions. The usual approaches of
detecting experts/top reviewers are based on
helpfulness vote. The usual approaches suffer from
some limitations and sometimes can be manipulated.
In this paper we address this problem by developing
a framework for expert detection using a combination
of the traditional techniques. Our goal in this work is to
compare the performance of traditional expert finding
techniques against our proposed technique.
Specifically, we detail an algorithm for generating
composite scores of the reviewers. We then use the
scores to rank the reviewers and compare the
performance of the different algorithms against a large
movie reviews data set from the Amazon.com.
Table 1. Performance comparison between the different
traditional methods and proposed approaches.
Met
hod
of
det
ecti
on
No
. o
f re
vie
ws
mad
e
No
. o
f m
ov
ies
cov
ered
Rating using
only reviews
Rating
considering
helpfulness
Av
g. E
rro
r
Av
g. M
SE
Av
g E
rro
r
Av
g. M
SE
Populari
ty 488028 97804 0.73 0.91 0.75 0.94
Differen
ce 407101 94764 0.68 0.79 0.70 0.82
Ratio 14165 10311 0.61 0.58 0.70 0.77
Propose
d1 119176 54621 0.51 0.39 0.56 0.49
Propose
d2 115454 57516 0.53 0.43 0.52 0.43
Propose
d3 110944 56093 0.55 0.46 0.57 0.53
Propose
d4 110441 57874 0.56 0.49 0.56 0.50
Our major contributions are as follows:
We proposed a diverse model for detecting the
experts/top reviewers.
We compared performance of different models
on a large dataset and found our proposed model
superior over the traditional models.
Paper ID: 151
91
Satellite Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Variation over
Bay-of-Bengal
Md. Monirul Islam* and Md. Mainul Islam Mamun
Department of Applied Physics & Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
* rajib_apee@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Chlorophyll-a, MODIS, Bay-of-Bengal.
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is a green pigment and used
as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass. This study is
done to investigate the concentration of Chl-a
distribution pattern over Bay-of-Bengal. Temporal
variations and spatial distributions of Chl-a are
analyzed during the period of 2005 to 2014 to
determine the phytoplankton biomass over the study
area.
The study region is Bay-of-Bengal and located
between 22.50o
and 15.50o
latitude north and 85o
and
95o
longitude east.
The monthly Chlorophyll-a data is used from
MODIS-Aqua (9km) satellite which was processed by
the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG).
Figure 1 shows the Chl-a variation over the Bay-of-
Bengal for the period of 2005 to2014. The white area
in this image is representing the land surface. The
extremely highest Chl-a concentration is found along
the coastal line especially near Bangladesh. The
increased value of Chl-a concentration designates an
increase of the phytoplankton in the study area. The
highest Chl-a concentration is gradually decreasing
towards the offshore.
Figure 1. Annual-mean spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a
over the study area for the period of 2005-2014.
Figure 2 shows the Chl-a monthly area averaged
time series over the study area for the period of 2005 to
2014. The Chl-a is minimum in April which is rapidly
increasing to a maximum value in July and then
gradually decreasing towards the minimum value.
Figure 3 shows the yearly Chl-a area averaged time
series over the study area for the period of 2005 to
2014. A strong seasonal dependence of Chl-a
concentration is observed with a slight decreasing
trend. The highest peak of Chl-a is approximately 2.00
mg/m3 found in August 2006.
Figure 2. Monthly area averaged time series of Chlorophyll-a
over the study area for the period of 2005-2014.
Figure 3. Chlorophyll-a area-averaged time series over the
study area for the period of 2005-2014.
This study gives a good idea about the
phytoplankton biomass patterns across the Bay-of-
Bengal on both temporal and spatial basis. Satellite
remote sensing is a useful way to monitor the
phytoplankton biomass variations over large scale
temporal and spatial variations.
Paper ID: 152
92
FPGA based Pulse Oximeter using VHDL
Farhana Binte Sufi*, Md. Maruful Islam and Md. Fahmidur Rahman
Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
*fsufi.apee@ru.ac.bd
KEYWORDS: Brain FPGA, VHDL, Pulse Oximeter, Wearable Sensors, Photoplethymysography (PPG)
This paper describes a Field Programmable Gate
Arrays (FPGA) based Pulse Oximeter using VHDL.
Oximetry refers to the determination of the
percentage of oxygen saturation of the circulating
arterial blood.
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) =
Where [HbO2] is the oxygenated haemoglobin
concentration and [Hb] is the deoxygenated or reduced
haemoglobin concentration.
Photoplethymysography (PPG) is a non-invasive
method for the detection of cardiovascular pulse waves
propagating across the human body. Pulse oximetry is
based on the concept that arterial oxygen saturation can
be made using two wavelengths. The Beer-Lambart
law or the spectrophotometric technique applicable to
haemolyzed blood yields best results for Red (650 nm)
and Infrared (805nm) wavelengths.
Reduced haemoglobin (Hb) has higher optical
extinction in the red region (R) of spectrum than
oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) and lower optical absorption
in the near infrared region. These differences in the
extinction coefficients can be used for the
determination of the light absorbed by Hb and HbO2 by
the normalised ratio (R):
R=
The ac signal is due to the pulsing of arterial blood
while the dc signal is due to all the non-pulsing
absorbers in the tissue.
An oximeter probe using Red and Infrared LEDs
has been used for this project. The amount of absorbed
light for HbO2 and Hb through tissue is measured with
a photosensor and light to frequency converter that
produces the pulsating signals. The pulsating output of
the probe for over a few seconds is then processed in
the FPGA to measure the difference in the pulse
widths, compared and then processed to calculate the
oxygen saturation in blood. For this project Spartan II
FPGA has been used.
IR and Red
LED-Sensor
probe
FPGA Display
Figure 1. Block diagram of the FPGA based Pulse Oximeter.
FPGAs are highly powerful reconfigurable
devicesand FPGA based technology can offer a direct
interface for real-time high speed data acquisition,
processing, monitoring and controlling abilities in
biomedical signal processing and monitoring systems.
FPGAs give greater flexibility than microcontrollers
for DSP solutions, customizable logic and counters
according to design needs so designers have more
freedom of choice. Unlike processors, FPGAs use
dedicated hardware for processing logic and do not
have an operating system (OS).
FPGAs can be used for wearable sensor systems. A
pulse oximeter based on FPGA has the future scope of
combined monitoring with similar other systems (e.g.
spirometers, etc.), thus providing a cheap, portable,
health monitoring system.
Paper ID: 153
93
A Comparative Study of Optimization of Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Technologies for Power Grid Integration and Off-Grid Operation
Salman A. Chowdhury1*, Mobasseer M. Hossain
2, and Md. Abu Sayem
3
1Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, TMSS Engineering College, Bogra, Bangladesh
2Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
2,3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology,
Bangladesh
* salman.ananda.chowdhury@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: SSDSSC, DSSC, Nanotube Photonic Crystals, Photosensitizers.
With the advent of DSSCs as a third generation
photovoltaic device in the 1990s pioneered by
O‘Reagan and Grätzel, with usage of low cost
materials and manufacturing processes, a window of
opportunity for low cost implementation of solar power
has been opened.
A nanostructured, mesoporous metal oxide film
which is photosensitized to the visible spectrum of
light using adsorbed molecular dyes. The dye
molecules absorb visible light, exciting the electrons
and inject those from the excited state into the metal
oxide conduction band. The injected electrons travel
through the nanostructured film to the current collector,
and the dye is regenerated by an electron donor in the
electrolyte solution in liquid-based DSSCs and in case
of SSDSSCs, in the several solid hole transporting
materials (HTMs).
In this paper, the performance analyses of Solid
State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (SSDSSCs) are
carried out with power grid integration and off-grid
operation in the intertropical region being the main
focus. It has been observed that electrodes of different
compositions such as: TiO2 and ZnO, surface
morphology of the thin films used in SSDSSCs, use of
different types of dyes as photo sensitizers, use of
Nanorods/Nanoparticles as photoanodes - all
correspond to different photoelectric conversion
efficiencies (PCEs) in SSDSSCs. As the SSDSSCs are
free of leakage and corrosion related problems
prevalent in conventional liquid-based Dye Sensitized
Solar Cells (DSSCs), it has the potential to lower the
maintenance cost and improving longevity of a system,
so far however SSDSSCs suffer from low PCEs when
compared with conventional DSSCs, with a maximum
efficiency record of approximately 15 per cent set in
2013 by using solid-state mesoscopic TiO2 solar cells
sensitized with lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3)
pigments (D. Liu, et al. 2013), in early 2014 which was
further lifted to 16.7 per cent (N.J. Jeon et al., 2014).
Almost all types of solar cells suffer from a
decreased power output when the incident light is tilted
away from normal since the incident intensity generally
follows a cosine law of the incident angle. The focus of
this paper is to optimize the use of SSDSSC in the
intertropical region. It has been demonstrated
experimentally that the use of nanotube photonic
crystals (NT PC) can partially compensate the cosine
power loss of a DSSC.
Figure 1. The calculated ΔJsc (change of normalized short
circuit current) of different types of DSSCs, as a function of
incident angle.
Figure1 shows the enhancements of normalized
short circuit current after using NT PC of varying
thicknesses, where the numbers preceding NT PC
denotes the lattice constants in nanometers.
With low cost and low maintenance SSDSSCs with
built in Solar angle compensation close to commercial
realization, it is this authors‘ understanding that in the
near future such solar cells will play a crucial role in
helping to boost the economy and supply the power
demands of developing intertropical countries around
the world.
Paper ID: 156
94
Microbial Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aspergillus Foetidus and its
Cytotoxicity against A549 Cell
Swarup Roy and Tapan Kumar Das*
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, West Bengal-741235, India
* tapndas@hotmail.com
KEYWORDS: Fungi, GNPs, FESEM, TEM, A549 cell line, Cytotoxicity.
We study the extracellular biosynthesis of gold
nanoparticles (GNPs) using the fungal species
Aspergillus foetidus. The biosynthesis of GNPs was
carried out by adding 1 mM final concentration of tetra
chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution to the fungal live
cell filtrates. The formation of GNPs were initially
monitored by visual observation of physical changes
and then characterized with the help of UV–visible
spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS),
Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-
dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results revealed
distinctive formation of face centered cubic crystalline
GNPs. From FESEM morphology of the nanoparticles
were found to be roughly spherical and within the size
range of 30-50 nm. The spherical and polydispersed
GNPs in the range of 10-40 nm were observed
following TEM analysis.
We also standardized the parameters pH,
temperature and salt concentration, dilution on the
effect of biosynthesis of GNPs. It was established that
alkaline pH, 1mM gold salt concentration and 75 oC
temperature were the respective optimum parameter for
the biosynthesis of GNPs. Cell cytotoxicity of GNP
was compared with that of normal gold salt solution on
A549 cell. The A549 cell growth in presence of GNPs
was found to be comparatively less toxic than the gold
ion.
References:
1. S Roy, TK Das, GP Maity, U Basu, Mat Sci
Eng B, Vol. 203, 41 (2016).
2. R Bhambure, M Bule, N Shaligram, M
Kamat, R Singhal, Chem Eng Technol. 32,
1036 (2009).
3. VC Verma, SK Singh, R Solanki, S Prakash,
Nano Res Lett. 6, 16 (2011).
4. S Lokina, R Suresh, K Giribabu, A Stephen,
RL Sundaram, V Narayanan, Spectrochimica
Acta A 129, 484 (2014).
Paper ID: 157
95
Adsorptive Removal of Cr(VI) From Aqueous Solution onto Charred Vetiver Root
Bhoj Raj Poudel and Surendra K Gautam*
Dept. of Chemsitry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
*sgautam2055@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Semiconductor NPs, UV spectra, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Adsorption properties of Charred Vetiver Root
(CVR) for heavy metal have been investigated with
chromium as adsorbate from aqueous solutions. The
adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] onto CVR
was investigated by varying various parameters viz.
contact time, pH, amount of adsorbent and initial
concentration of adsorbate. The maximum adsorption
capacity of Cr(VI) onto CVR was found to be 412.50
mg/gm at pH 1. The adsorption kinetics followed
pseudo-second order and adsorption isotherm followed
Langmuir model. From the repeated adsorption-
desorption test it was seen that the efficiency of CVR
to adsorb Cr(VI) from solution remains almost same.
Thus, CVR was found to be cost effective bio-
adsorbent for efficient removal of Cr(VI) from polluted
water.
Figure 1. Determination of λmax of Cr(VI)
Figure 2. Calibration curve for the determination of Cr(VI)
DPCI complex.
The present research work investigated, by making
simple chemical modification of the vetiver grass root
using charring process, an effective bioadsorbent can
be made for the removal of Cr(VI) metal ion from
aqueous solutions than that of raw vetiver grass root.
The λmax value was found at 530 nm. The maximum
adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto CVR was found to
be 412.50 mg/gm at optimum pH 1. The required
equilibrium time for the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto
CVR was found to be 240 minutes. The adsorption
kinetic followed pseudo-second order kinetic model
and adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir isotherm
model.
Paper ID: 158
96
Study on Determining the Average Size and Structure of Nanoparticles
Deval P Bhattarai and Surendra K Gautam*
Dept. of Chemsitry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
* sgautam2055@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Semiconductor NPs, UV spectra, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Semiconductors are the foundation of modern
electronics, including transistors, solar cells, light
emitting diodes (LEDs), quantum dots etc. Researchers
have studied semiconductor nanoparticles intensely and
have developed them for broad applications in solar
energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, molecular
and cellular imaging, ultrasensitive detection, targeted
therapy etc. All applications are size dependent and
their crystalline structures play vital role. Synthesizing
nano-sized semiconductor particles and stabilizing
structure is always challenging. Group II-VI
semiconductor NPs can be synthesized by various ways
as chemical deposition, biomimic, sol-gel,
microemulsion, microwave irradiation, spray pyrolysis
etc. The crystalline structure with phase purity can be
settled using XRD data and SAED pattern. The average
particle sizes are determined with the help of UV
spectra and XRD data which are further verified from
TEM images.
Figure 1: Plot of
Various methods are used for synthesizing Group II-VI
semiconductor NPs. The phase purity crystalline
structures are settled from the XRD and SAED
patterns. The average particle sizes are calculated from
UV-Vis spectrum and TEM image.
))( 2
gVsEh
Paper ID: 159
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