european life and physical sciences programme in space
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Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
European LIfe and Physical sciences programme in Space
'to benefit citizens and inspire their future' L. Cacciapuoti, D. Jarvis, N. Lavery, S. Mazzoni, O. Minster,
A. Orr, B. Toth, S. Vincent-Bonnieu, D. Voss, F. Weckenmann Physical Sciences Unit,
O. Angerer, R. Binot, R. Demets, J. Hatton, J. Ngo-An, P. Sundblad, Life Sciences Unit
Science and Applications Division Utilisation Department
Human Spaceflight Directorate
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Presentation outline
• The European Space Agency • The ELIPS programme and its means for
implementation • Elements of the Research Plan • Applications & Exploration
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ESA Member States ESA has 18 Member States : • Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
• Hungary and Romania are European Cooperating States. • Canada takes part in some projects under a cooperation
agreement.
Introduction to ESA
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ESTEC (Noordwijk)
Kiruna
Redu EAC Cologne ESOC (Darmstadt)
ESRIN (Frascati) Fucino
Perth
Moscow
Malindi
Maspalomas
Kourou
CDN Washington
Houston
Brussels ESA Paris Toulouse
Villafranca
Ground stations used by ESA ESA ground stations Offices Establishments
Ariane downrange stations
Natal Libreville
Ascension
Introduction to ESA
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
All member states participate in activities related to space science and in a common set of programmes: the MANDATORY PROGRAMMES.
Introduction to ESA
Basic Principles: - approval by boards of national delegates - geographical return of funds
In addition, member states chose their level of participation in OPTIONAL PROGRAMMES
• Earth observation
• Telecommunications
• Navigation
• Launcher development
• Manned space flight
• Microgravity research
• Exploration
ELIPS: European programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
M! : Million of Euro
Budgets for 2006, Breakdown by programmes
ECSA* 0,08%, 2,245 M!
Financed by third parties
2,11%, 61,349 M!
Technology 4,53%, 131,423 M!
Launchers 18,29%, 530,835 M!
Exploration 1,80%, 52,249 M!
Human Spaceflight 12,58%, 365,436 M!
Microgravity 3,44%, 99,900 M!
General Budget 6,87%, 199,600 M!
Associated to General Budget 5,35%, 155,336 M!
Space Science 11,58%, 336,313 M!
Earth Observation 14,34%, 416,504 M!
Telecommunications 7,35%, 213,514 M!
Navigation 11,68%, 339,150 M!
APPROVED PROGRAMMES : 2840,260 M! PROGRAMMES FINANCED BY THIRD PARTIES : 61,349 M! EUROPEAN COOPERATING STATES AGREEMENT : 2,245 M! TOTAL BUDGETS FOR 2006 : 2903,854 M!
*ECSA : European cooperating states agreement
Introduction to ESA
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Member States' mandatory contributions with total mandatory and optional contributions to ESA programmes.
Member States' contributions to ESA's mandatory programmes calculated on the basis of their GNP.
Total of Member States' contributions to ESA's mandatory and optional programmes.
M! : Million of Euro
Comparison
Introduction to ESA
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Presentation outline
• The European Space Agency • The ELIPS programme and its means for
implementation • Elements of the Research Plan • Applications & Exploration
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ELIPS’ RESEARCH PLAN: A SCIENCE DRIVEN BOTTOM-UP APPROACH Peer review (ESF)
Research Plan ELIPS
PROGRAMME Proposal
to Ministerial Council
AO: Research programme proposals
Lab.
Lab. Lab. Lab. Lab.
Industry Industry
Lab.
Lab.
Topical Team
Topical Team
Lab. in Russia
Lab. in Japan
Lab. in USA
Lab. in China
ELIPS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ESA Topical Team
JAXA Working Group
Discussion of common scientific problems Identification of THE “hot” questions in the field: best science Identification of corresponding instrument requirements Definition of joint research scientific programme
“International Topical Team”
International cooperation
Example
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
• Adequate visibility for all scientists ! helps for funding !!! • Optimal sharing of instrumentS utilisation AND development • Maximum output from the scarce ISS resources • More brains ! more, better, faster publications, and cheaper !! • The “noisier” the ISS utilisation programme, the higher the motivation of politicians to fund it
JOINT RESEARCH PROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL TEAM
Proposal to an ESA AO by the international team coordinated by European scientists
Proposal to a JAXA RA
by the international team coordinated by Japanese
scientists
Implementation coordinated between ESA and JAXA
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: IMSPG INTERNATIONAL MICROGRAVITY STRATEGIC WORKING GROUP
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
MEANS "AVAILABLE" FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
of ELIPS PROJECTS
Ground-based Facilities 4.7 – 9 s
Parabolic Flights 20-25 s
Sounding Rockets up to 13 min
ELIPS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: The Columbus Laboratory
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
EDR PCDF/SCDF FASTER KUBIK EML IPE DIRSOL
EuTEF (5+8) SOLAR (3)
Columbus Research Facilities + Experiments
HRF-1/-2 GeoFLOW FASES CIMEX FOAM-C Rubi / Safir / Emerald
Waico ArtEMISS-A/B YEAST Triplelux-A/B/C Rhocyt, Cerasp
ETC
EPM MEEMM CARDIOLAB DOSTEL PK-4
FSL Biolab
ER-3/EMCS Tropi, Gravi-1/2 Multigen-1/2 CW/RW Genara Nematodes
MSG Taxiflight Expts PromISS DSC/IVIDIL/Colloid Miller-Urey
FLYWHEEL Dextrous
PFS CARD/SOLO ETD
HRF/MARES
and MSL in US-lab FOAM-S self-standing
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• The European Space Agency • The ELIPS programme and its means for
implementation • Elements of the Research Plan • Applications & Exploration
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ELIPS provides Europe with the framework for making steady progress in the following research fields:
! Focused Fundamental Research in Life and Physical Sciences in Space within the following 6 main research disciplines:
! General Physics ! Physics of fluids and combustion ! Materials sciences ! Exobiology ! Biology ! Human adaptation and performance
! Applied Research, addressing societal needs on Earth in following domains: ! Medical: Diagnostics and novel treatments for age-related human diseases ! Materials: Lightweight and advanced materials for reducing energy needs and
climate change ! Environment: Monitoring and control systems with biotechnological components ! Energy: Advanced heat exchangers and boilers for energy savings ! Processes: Conversion of knowledge from space experiments
Introduction to ELIPS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ELIPS will further provide Europe with the framework for achieving:
! Industry-driven R&D and Technology Demonstrations, being the logical next step in the area of Applied Research, evolving towards end-user industries becoming stakeholders and investors in research utilising the space environment.
! Enabling Research for Exploration: ! Radiation biology and physiology ! Health care and human performance under extreme conditions ! Life-support and thermal control systems ! Food production in space ! Fluids handling and processing in space ! Materials exposure and advanced materials ! Technology testing
! Educational and outreach activities, exploiting the ISS and using the European astronauts as ambassadors of science towards the younger generations.
Introduction to ELIPS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: General physics
! Test of fundamental physics theories and measurement of fundamental constants to unprecedented levels of precision. ! Universal time scales, time transfer, and clock comparison at world scale ! Dynamics and properties of degenerate quantum gases in microgravity conditions ! Matter wave interferometry from atoms to large molecules ! Higher performance atomic clocks in space, from the microwave to the optical domain ! Test of entanglement over long distances and quantum communication in space
interdisciplinary research ! What is the relation of space-atmosphere interactions with climate change? ! Measure time and length scales in dust aggregation, phase transitions in colloidal systems and granular materials ! Model the cosmic radiation environment and its interaction with matter.
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
The Mission
Quantum physics in Space
The more (different) clocks to compare with, the better the science…
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
SPACE OPTICAL CLOCKS (2nd generation)
Space Optical Clocks: Development of a portable model of optical clock based on the transitions of strontium and ytterbium atoms.
Aims to prepare for the second generation of cold atom clock taking advantage of the ACES heritage to push stability and accuracy of atomic frequency standards at the 10-18.
Team: Düsseldorf Univ. (D), SYRTE (F), ENS (F), PTB (D), Firenze Univ. (I)
Quantum physics in Space
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Vacuum system design
Strontium clock
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Ytterbium clock
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
SPACE ATOM INTERFEROMETER Space Atom Interferometer: instrument for the measurement of tiny rotational and translational accelerations and for the detection of faint forces.
Development of a ground based portable prototype. Maybe tested on parabolic flights or a sounding rocket; to capitalise on the development for a BEC system led by Hamburg.
Team: Firenze Univ. (I), IOTA (F), IQ (D), Hamburg Univ. (D), HU Berlin (D), SYRTE (F), LENS (I), Ulm Univ. (D), ZARM (D)
Demonstrated on ground
Anticipated on ground
Projected in space
Gyroscope ARW Bias stability Scale factor
2x10-6 deg/hr1/2
6x10-5 deg/hr 5 ppm
<1x10-6 deg/hr1/2
<10-5 deg/hr <1 ppm
<10-8 deg/hr1/2
<10-7 deg/hr <1 ppm
Accelerometer Sensitivity Bias stability Scale factor
10-9 g/Hz1/2
<10-10 g <10-10
<10-10 g/Hz1/2
<10-10 g <10-10
<10-13 g/Hz1/2
<10-16 g ? <10-12
From M. Kasevich
Quantum physics in Space
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Crystalline phase Disordered phase
Parabolic flight experiment on 3D distribution
of two populations of # sizes
Example of flow studies enabled by complex plasma
Top view on ground
Side view in flight
Physics of plasmas with particles
FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN COMPLEX PLASMAS
PK-3+ on ISS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
PLASMA CRYSTAL EXPERIMENT
Study of the liquid phase and flow phenomena of Complex Plasmas
viscosity, heat transfer, thermodynamics " phase transitions, kinetics & statistical physics, instabilities etc.
Complex plasmas
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ATMOSPHERE SPACE INTERACTIONS MONITOR Studies thunderstorm effects on upper atmosphere and near-Earth space Test the correlation between Transient Luminescent Events (TLE) and Transient Gamma-ray Flashes (TGF)
Atmospheric physics
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
INTERACTIONS IN COSMIC PARTICLE SYSTEMS
• Simulation of dust agglomeration in star-forming regions • Measurement of light scattered by aggregates (intensity, polarisation)
Dust particles physics
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Granular materials
MORE SOFT MATTER IN SPACE
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Physics of fluids and combustion ! What are the dynamics and the properties of interfaces? ! What are the key mechanisms of phase separation when coupled to evaporation and heat transfer in particular? ! What is driving the stability of complex fluids? How does coarsening happen? ! Measure the chemical physics of bulk homogeneous samples of supercritical fluids ! Understand the combustion process of dispersed systems ! Understand fundamentals of convection with model fluids systems. Study convective instabilities under conditions not realisable on Earth.
interdisciplinary research ! What are the interactions of dust with hydrometeors in the atmosphere? ! Measure the rheological properties of homogeneous samples of complex fluids? What drives the self-organisation of nanoparticles at surfaces and in liquid films? ! How do gas exchanges take place in (bio)reactors in space? How to complete waste recycling to 100%? What is the flammability of materials in space? How to best manage heat fluxes and air flows in manned spacecraft?
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
gas diffusion bubble coalescence
Drainage does not occur in space
Animation Libero
air/oil
water
hydrophilic chain
hydrophobic chain
Adsorption of surfactant and particles
particles
Film rupture
Gravity
Laplace pressure
Stability?
Complex fluids
EMULSION and FOAM STABILITY: A problem with different scales
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Complex fluids
Instrument FAST on STS-107 -> FASTER on ISS adsorption measurements by the droplet oscillation method
GROUND
Pres
sure
am
plitu
de P
a
Frequency Hz
SPACE
Pres
sure
am
plitu
de P
a
Frequency Hz
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
FOAM- STABILITY
Complex fluids
Stability of very wet foam with very low or no surfactant concentration
e.g. pure water !
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Coarsening of very wet foams Diagnostic: • Laser scattering • Capacitive & resistive measurements
FOAM- COARSENING
New model including with particles Model of coarsening
Mechanisms of Coalescence Study the stability (Protein and Particles) Diagnostic: Optics
Dry and wet foam
Complex fluids
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Fundamentals of liquid layers Rayleigh-Benard on the ground Marangoni-Benard in space then with evaporative heat and mass transfer involved….
Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
CONVECTION WITH TRANSFERS AT INTERFACES
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Reference Multi-scale Boiling experiment: RUBI in FSL on ISS in 2013 Discussion on cooperation with NASA: complements BXF in MSG
Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
BOILING
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
GEOPHYSICAL FLUID FLOW SIMULATION
Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Liquid trapped between concentric, co-axially rotating spheres at different temperatures and with a central force field
• Stability, pattern formation, transition to turbulence • Electro-hydrodynamics
T gradient
Rotation rate
Central force field
ISS experiment in FSL in 2008
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Structure & dynamics of fluids
Cold Hot Cold Hot
Apply a thermal gradient to a ternary mixture: measurement of thermo-diffusion
Then relax the thermal gradient: measurement of isothermal diffusion
(ISO)THERMAL DIFFUSION IN LIQUID MIXTURES
Relevance to oil exploration and exploitation, and CO2 sequestration
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
INFLUENCE OF VIBRATIONS ON MASS TRANSPORT BY DIFFUSION
• Thermovibrational convection observed experimentally on parabolic flights • ISS experiment being performed right now in the SODI instrument in MSG • Two-colour interferometry and digital holography
Structure & dynamics of fluids
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
VF
1-g
Vox
0-g
VF
Vox
Combustion: Flammability
Influence of g gas composition gas velocity material soot formation …
SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION
Drop-tower Sounding Rockets
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
COMBUSTION: DROPLETS AND SPRAYS
vaporisation cool-flame burning hot ignition t
Auto-ignition during drop-tower experiment
Flame propagation along an array of droplets with NOx measurement as a function of the pre-vaporisation level Courtesy/cooperation with JAXA
Texus 46 in November 2009
Drop-tower Sounding Rockets
Combustion: Spray combustion
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Materials sciences
! What are the thermophysical properties of high temperature melts? ! What is the influence of convection on the formation of different microstructures in alloys? ! What is the influence of the processing conditions on the features of crystalline and amorphous phases of biological, organic and inorganic materials? ! Understand the fundamental link between materials processing, structure and properties of new light-weight structural metallic or intermetallic materials
interdisciplinary research ! What is the influence of gravity on the time and length scales of nucleation and growth? ! What are the possible strategies to adequately shield crew and systems from space radiation? ! How can one extract and exploit the elements contained in planetary regoliths to support exploration missions?
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Materials Science
Support understanding the critical link between microstructure, process and properties in order to enhance the quality of the end-products, by
MATERIALS SCIENCE PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES
Terrestrial and microgravity experiments to jointly support the development of advanced simulation capabilities
studying solidification paths, microstructure evolution, growth pattern, undercooling behaviour and nucleation, particle inclusion, generating thermophysical property databases etc. of - Eutectic, Peritectic alloys - Binary and ternary alloys (organic transparent and metallic opaque), - Multicomponent industrial alloys - Composites.
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ALLOYS Various projects investigating model and commercial aluminium alloys e.g. AlSi7 , AlCu, AlCuAg, CuSn, CuAg, A357 Focus: hydrodynamic effects on mushy zone formation, solute segregation, columnar-equiaxed transition, in-situ visualisation using X-rays
Courtesy of MICAST team
Courtesy of CETSOL team
Materials Science
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
MSL: Materials Sciences Lab. Joint ESA-NASA project: MSL and two furnace inserts provided by ESA, accommodated in NASA's MSRR in US-lab. All experiments involve US scientists.
DIRSOL: in MSG in 2012
X-ray diagnostics furnace currently planned for use on parabolic flights and sounding rockets
Materials Science facilities
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Electro-Magnetic Levitator
• Minimal positioning energy required in space as compared with ground based • Applicable to a wider range of materials, no reactivity • Various contactless stimuli and diagnostics • Enables measurements down to very high undercooling • Provides for optimal spherical geometry • Enables measurements in molten samples at lower residual convection
ESA-DLR project for Columbus, launch scheduled in 2011. US scientists involvement in experiments.
Materials Science
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Exobiology
! Organic compounds and mineral interactions under space conditions ! Polymerisation, stability and replication studies under space conditions ! Response of pre-biotic building blocks to extraterrestrial conditions ! Mechanisms of survival and adaptation of extremophiles to extraterrestrial conditions
interdisciplinary research ! How do organic compounds (biomolecules and micro-organisms) form in planetary atmospheres, and how are they transported? ! What are the effects of UV and cosmic rays on pre-biotic molecules and micro-organisms?
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
– Fundamental research: Pre-biotic chemistry; origin, evolution, and survival of terrestrial organisms in extreme environments.
– Applied research: Environment monitoring.
– Exploration oriented research: Biomarker identification, Pasteur payload composition, planetary protection, crew hazards, decontamination, global environment characterisation.
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
On ISS – Long duration exposure facility
• Exo/Astrobiology: Solar UV & Vacuum • Contribution to planetary protection: • Chemical evolution: Titan, Martian
environments: • Radiation dosimetry
– EXPOSE-E deployed with Columbus – EXPOSE-R deployed (3/2009)
On FOTON: – Biopan 6 on FOTON-M3
• 10 Experiments • Short duration, complementary to
EXPOSE – Stone
• Re-entry survivability • 4 Experiments in heat shield
Exobiology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Biology
! How does gravity alter development and performance of organ systems? ! What are the molecular mechanisms for sensing and adaptation to variable g-levels by cells (microbial, fungi, plants and animals)? ! How do different gravitational levels interfere with the formation of multi-cellular structures (cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix/cell-wall interactions)? ! How does gravity modify the lifecycle from embryonic development to senescence? ! What are the biological responses to multiple stressors? ! How do evolution and cross-interactions between organisms occur under space conditions?
interdisciplinary research ! How does fluid dynamics influence biological systems? ! What are the molecular mechanisms of heavy-ion impact on cells? ! Can one develop a sustainable closed loop biological life support systems?
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
European Modular
Cultivation System
BIOLAB
EXPOSE-E
& EXPOSE-R
ISS
Columbus KUBIK
Non - ISS
Parabolic
Flight
Sounding
Rockets
Bion-M
(Mouse Expts)
Biology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Biology accomplishments 2006-2009 (1/3)
ISS: Bio Programme – 5 missions: KUBIK &
Standalone experiments – Excellent success rate &
science return – 17 Experiments performed
• 7 Cell biology • 4 Plant physiology • 2 Developmental biology • 4 Microbiology
– 3 Experiments in Preparation
Biology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
ISS: EMCS / Biolab • Complex experiments • Telemetry / commanding • Illumination
– EMCS • Operating since 2006 • 4 Experiments performed • 3 in preparation (2009-2011)
– Biolab • Operating since 2008 • 1 Experiment performed • 5 Experiments in preparation
(2009-2012)
Biology accomplishments 2006-2009 (2/3)
Biology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Non-ISS:
– FOTON-M3 • 11 Biology Experiments inside
capsule in 3 facilities
– Sounding Rockets • 6 Experiments in 3 flights • 6 Experiments in planning
2009-2011
Biology accomplishments 2006-2009 (3/3)
Biology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Challenges for biology
Resource limitations for ISS experiments • Crew time • Condition temperature transport, particularly download • Available flight opportunities
Possible future directions • Automated experiments • On orbit analysis • Combining experiments / sample sharing
Biology
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Human adaptation and performance
! What are the mechanisms orchestrating organ systems interaction and recovery under variable gravitational levels (system homeostasis)? ! What factors impair physical and cognitive performance? ! How can we assess and monitor health, psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships in conditions of isolation? ! What are the factors governing the inter-individual variability in the response to spaceflight conditions? ! What are the human responses to multiple stressors? ! Can one identify and validate optimal countermeasure strategies based on physical, pharmacological, nutritional and psychological interventions
interdisciplinary research Quantify the risks to humans of exposure to space radiation (acute and chronic) ! What are the consequences of artificial life support systems (microbial environment, air composition, dust, etc.) on human health and well-being?
Life & Physical Sciences in Space: Animal Physiology Research
Animal physiology • Mouse Experiments provide an important
link between human physiology & in vitro (cell / tissue) experiments
• 15 rodent experiment proposals in pool (11 from ESA AO2004)
• Facilities / Flight opportunities – Mouse In Space (MIS) facility for BION
(2014) – Sample sharing
• STS-118 (3 ESA Experiments) • ASI Mouse Drawer System (2 ESA Exp.) • Bion-M1 IBMP (2012)
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Long-term measurements
ETD Immuno SPIN EDOS NOA1 NOA2 SAMPLE CARD SOLO NeuroSpat ENERGY 3D SPACE
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Short-term measurements
ZAG OTOLITH Low Back Pain CardioCog Neocytolysis MOP
Planned projects
DEXTROUS HEM EKE THERMO TREADMILL MARES BIOPSY
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
On board Columbus
EPM (Cardiolab, EEG/EMG, Sample collection) Pulmonary Function System Portable PFS Flywheel Exercise Device Eye Tracking Device PLATON HRF PEMS Pinch and hand-grip Echograph Exercise equipment
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Future additions
VR goggles Treadmill sensors MARES Thermosensors Tracking system Manipulandum (Tele-) Echography On-orbit analysis
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
BED RESTS ANALOGUES
Four Bed Rests with Artificial Gravity and Nutrition interventions planned for 2008 and 2009
International cooperation with regards to standards
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
MARS 500
Cooperation with IBMP, Moscow • 105 day pilot study • 520 day Mars mission simulation
15 experiments passed peer review, integrated into the science programme. European crewmembers
Capsules
Concept study of an isolation facility Focus: psychology/habitability
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Concordia
Permanently manned station on the Antarctic High Plateau
Experiments on group formation, adaptation, blood clotting, telemedicine ongoing
8 new proposals passed peer review Introduced Long-Term Medical Survey (LTMS),
connected development of an integrated medical monitoring tool
Other activities include e.g. microbial monitoring, operational validation of grey water recycling, psychological crew training
Human adaptation and performance
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
Presentation outline
• The European Space Agency • The ELIPS programme and its means for
implementation • Elements of the Research Plan • Applications & Exploration
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: BIOMIMETIC LIQUIDS
Tank treading!
Tumbling!
Sedimentation, aggregation, formation of jams, shear stress driven alteration of the stiffness of the endothelium
Biology: cell function, may ultimately result into mechanical effect, stiffness…
Complex motion near walls!
Dynamics of fluids & life science
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
NH + 4
Minerals
NO - 3
Food
Wastes
O 2 NH +
4
Volatile Fatty Acids
Food
CO 2
CO 2 O 2
IV B Higher Plant
Compartment
IV A Photoautotrophic
Bacteria Arthrospira platensis
COMPARTMENT III Nitrifying bacteria
COMPARTMENT II Photoheterotrophic
Bacteria
Water
Non Edible Parts of Higher Plants
CO 2 COMPARTMENT I
Thermophilic anaerobic bacteria
CREW Fibre degradation
COMPARTMENT IV
Life Support Systems
The MELISSA organic waste
recycling concept
EXPLORATION RELEVANT: GAS EXCHANGE IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPARTMENTS
NITRIFICATION
Life Support Systems
The MELISSA organic waste recycling breadboard
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
APPLICATIONS ORIENTATED RESEARCH In 1996, ESA took up the challenge to develop an application-orientated programme: the Microgravity Applications Programme (MAP) to develop awareness of industry and involve them in space projects.
In 2003, the Integrated Project IMPRESS based on MAP projects and coordinated by ESA was selected by the EC and funded under FP-6 NMP.
ESA aims at positioning more projects in the FPs of the EC so as to pro-actively accelerate the transfer of knowledge acquired in space into new industrial products and processes.
understand, control, scale-up new processes
MAP programme and EC projects
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
IMPRESS Gas Turbine Blades
New alloys with far better performance were developed and various industrial melting and investment-casting processes were studied over the past 4 years
MAP programme and EC projects
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
gravity effects
THERMOLAB
CETSOL
fluid state
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
IMPRESS Catalytic Powders
Significant development of Raney-Ni catalytic properties based on a thorough understanding of the droplet solidification process
MAP programme and FP of EC
3D X-ray tomography of a 50"m particle
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
gravity effects
THERMOLAB
NEQUISOL
VAPOUR
fluid state
Life & Physical Sciences in Space:
TO BENEFIT CITIZENS AND INSPIRE THEIR FUTURE
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