español ii. commands … in english the command form, or the imperative, is used to give someone...

Los mandatos informalesEspañol II

Commands … in EnglishThe command form, or the imperative, is

used to give someone commandsThere are two types of commands:

affirmative commands, which tell someone to do something

negative commands, which tell someone not to do something

Commands… in EnglishThere are two forms of English commands. A you command orders the listener to do

something.In English, the dictionary form of the verb is

used.A we command orders the listener and the

speaker to do something.In English, we use the words “Let’s…”

ExamplesEat your vegetables.Mix the salad.Cut the carrots.Let’s set the table.

Notice: The subject pronoun you is missing. The lack of the subject pronoun you is a good indication that you are dealing with an imperative and not a present-tense verb.

In Spanish…There are various forms of commands in

Spanish, such as…Nosotros commandsVosotros commandsInformal commandsFormal commandsPlural (Uds.) commands

In addition, all of these commands have an affirmative and negative form, conjugated in different ways.

Affirmative Informal (tú)1. Conjugate the verb in the tú form

Remember to include any stem-changes when necessary

2. Drop the –s off the word

Be careful! There are numerous irregular verbs that you will simply have to memorize the forms!

The Irregular Affirmative CommandsTener → to have → tenVenir → to come → venPoner → to put, place → ponSalir → to leave, go out → sal

Notice: They just use the first three letters of the verb.

The Irregular Affirmative CommandsIr → to go → veSer → to be → séHacer → to do, make → hazDecir → to say, tell → di

You will have to memorize these ones!

How to Memorize IrregularsVenDiSalHazTenVePonSé

Reflexive commandsTake off the –se and the verb endingGo to the tú formDrop the -sAdd a te to the end of the command.Add an accent on the third syllable from the

end.Three back add an “acc”

Reflexive exampleShower: DucharseTake off the –se and the –ar

DuchGo to the tú form

DuchasDrop the –s

Ducha

Reflexive exampleAdd a te at the end

DuchateAdd an accent three syllables back

Du-cha-teDúchate

Negative informal (tú)1. Conjugate the verb in the yo form

Remember to include any stem-changes and irregularities when necessary

2. Drop the o off the word3. Add the opposite vowel.

1. AR verbs use –es2. ER and IR verbs use -as

4. Add a no.

Negative informal (tú)Spelling changesVerbs that end in:

-car → change to –ques-gar → change to –gues-zar → change to –ces

This is just to maintain a sound in Spanish.

Negative informal (tú)Only three irregular verbs

Ir → to go → vayasSer → to be → seasDar → to give → des

Negative Reflexive CommandsTake off the –se and the verb endingForm the command as aboveAdd a te to the front of the command but

after the no

Negative Reflexive ExampleDon’t put your shoes on

ponerse los zapatosTake off the –se and verb ending

pon los zapatosForm the command

Yo formPongo

Negative Reflexive ExampleForm the command

Opposite vowel → asPongasNo pongas los zapatos

Add a te to the front of the command but after the noNo te pongas los zapatos