escience, education and knowledge management

What Knowledge Managementcan learn from

eScience & EducationKnowledge and the management of knowledge

Dr. L.A. Plugge

Competing and Collaborating for the Future

2

You have added much several ways.If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.

Written by Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke, 5 feb. 1676

Topics

• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research

• What is knowledge?

• What is Knowledge Management (not)?

• Academic knowledge strategy

• How ICT changes research and education

3

SURF

SURF is the higher education and research partnership organization for network services and information and communication technology (ICT).

SURF participants:

14 universities45 universities for professional education5 research institutions

SURF – innovation & services

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Scientific Technical Council (WTR)

• Independent Council of SURF

• 12 Council members (max)

• Appointed on personal merits

• Term 3 years (extension possible)

• Provides advice for SURF and its member

institutions, either on request or on its own

initiativewww.surf.nl/wtr

Innovation Method (1)

• Provide vision in 4-year Strategic Plan(Scientific Technical Council)

• Commitment of the institutions for HE.Membership fees

• Execute the Strategic Plan, Based on Policy Considerations of the Government

• Monitor and assess progress of innovation projects(Project Monitoring Committee)

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Innovation Method (2)

Technological

scouting

2 3 4 51

Services

develop-ment

Assessment

studies

Production

Marketing

Fasingout

Technologicaldevelopment

Clientneeds

Plan for TA Business case Business plan

Marketing plan PlanFasing out

service

Plantermination

service

Feedback

Life cycle phases

External Developments

InventoryClient needs

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Areas of competition and collaboration

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Edwards & PeppardCranfield School of Management

Common industry processes

Essential and unique to the organization type

Processes to outperform the

competition

Provide futureRequired competences

Strategic Plans of SURF since 1986

1986-1990 To a common network: SURFnet 1 - 9.6 Kbit/sec

1991-1994 Communication services, Software Licences

1995-1998 Innovation of administrative systems in institutions

1999-2002 Innovation in Education

2003-2006 Cooperation between institutions in administrative systems

2007-2010 Services Oriented Approach

2011-2014 (Cloud) infrastructure and services for education & research

1010

Topics

• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research

• What is knowledge?

• What is Knowledge Management (not)?

• Academic knowledge strategy

• How ICT changes research and education

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Mathieu Weggeman12

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In other words:

Knowledge is constructed and represented in our brain.

The question is

Can we represent knowledge

outside our brain?

Do documents contain knowledge?

17

Paper Disk

Goal of knowledge representation

• Securing knowledge, outside humans

• Making it available to others

• Making knowledge less scarce

• Automate the creation of new knowledge

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Artificial Intelligenceand

knowledge representation

Knowledge representation in rule based expert systems

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Facts

RulesInferenceEngine

UserInterface

Searle’s Chinese room

Part 3 Part 421

The Paris Hilton Problem

IBM’s Watson The Match Day 1

Some limitations ofknowledge systems

• Knowledge is represented in symbols

• Procedurele knowledge is represented in rules

• Conceptual knowledge is represented data

• “Brittleness”

• “Halting” problem

• “Grounding” problem

• How to define the knowledge boundaries?

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Knowledge representation in Neural Networks

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Current ‘knowledge representation’ still lacks:

• (deep) Understanding

• Creativity

• Intuition

• Fascination

• Ingenuity / originality

• Creativity

• …

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Explicit and Implicit knowledge

• Explicit knowledge

−Can be coded−Transferable−Copyable

• Implicit knowledge

−Transferable, in principle…

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Implicit knowledge:Students versus Expertsdiagnosing patients

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6

0

8 97

33

chaoticagressive

depressive

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13 72

chaoticagressive

depressive

Explicit - Implicit• Implicit knowledge is just as important as explicit

knowledge

• Transfer of implicit knowledge takes time and physical presence

Examples from learning:− to drive a car− to play a music instrument− how to perform open heart surgery− Bread baking machine…

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Topics

• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research

• What is knowledge?

• What is Knowledge Management (not)?

• Academic knowledge strategy

• How ICT changes research and education

30

Knowledge managementis creating opportunitiesthrough strategies and practicesfor Knowledge Creationand Knowledge Transfer

Nonaka’s & Takeuchi’s Theory on Knowledge Creation, 1995

Knowledge exchange = Communication

SoundText

VideoVideo & Sound

What is the essence of

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Lascaux (13 000 v. C.)Library of Congress

Knowledge management process

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Create Capture Organise Access Use

KnowledgeCreation

KnowledgeApplication

Knowledge Sharing

Topics

• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research

• What is knowledge?

• What is Knowledge Management (not)?

• Academic knowledge strategy

• How ICT changes research and education

36

Academia and knowledgeAcademia

the community of students and scholars

engaged in higher education and research;

the cultural accumulation of knowledge,

its development and transmission.

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Tony Hey, Stewart Tansley, and Krist in Tolle, The fourth paradigm, 2009

Mathieu Weggeman39

Academic knowledge transfer (1)

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HypothesisMethodResults

Conclusions submitpublisher

revise

Scientificworld

Research group / Individual Reviewers

producejudge

publish

Lineair view of scholarly communication

Tony Hey, Stewart Tansley, and Krist in Tolle, The fourth paradigm, 2009

Back to the e-Science Paradigm

Topics

• SURF as facilitator and innovator for education and research

• What is knowledge?

• What is Knowledge Management (not)?

• Academic knowledge strategy

• How ICT changes research and education

43

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X-informatics & computational Xdata intensive science

25-50% of the experimental budgets are for SOFTWARE

What is e-Science about?

e-Science is not a new scientific discipline but a new method of knowledge development and exchange

e-Science is a the set of tools and technologies required to support collaborative, networked science.

e-Science is about the multidisciplinary analysis of data

e-Science is infrastructure to empower scientists to do their research in faster, better and different ways

(Based on Hey 2006)46

eScience is facilitated by merging technologies

GT: grid technologyOGSA: open grid services architectureWSDL: web service definition languageWSDM: web services distribution management

Bob Hertzberger

47

Technology facilitates a knowledge driven research infrastructure

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The network

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Netherlands e-Science Center

50

Providing the opportunity to share and reuse

Bob Hertzberger 51

Sharing, using and contributing to infrastructure

Bob Hertzberger

52

Development of new technologyM

atu

rity

Hans Dijkman

53

Effects of GigaPort NG Network innovation

Generic ICT-application

services

ICT-applications

Research Pilots Market

Networkinfrastructure GigaPort Next Generation

Network ProjectEffects telecommarket

Effe

cts

on

res

ea

rch

Inn

ova

tion

effe

cts

Primairy effects GigaPort

Secundairy effects GigaPort

Appliedinnovation

54

Effects on consumer IT:the industrialization of IT

Ground floor: 56 containersOne container:  1800 to 2500 servers>100.000 servers

 Microsoft Data Center Chicago

Google Data Center Eemshaven

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Levels of IT services

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f.e. 1423 Repositories worldwide holding over >20.9 Million items

Repository66.org Repository Maps

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…and an increasing number of Services…

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… provided by suppliers in the cloud.

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The Internet has become a nervous system connecting and augmenting our brains…

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Scientific & Educational methods can help Knowledge Management to create opportunities to use and expand our knowledge.