ep and bp rhythm: acoustic and perceptual evidence sónia frota universidade de lisboa marina...
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EP and BP Rhythm:Acoustic and Perceptual Evidence
Sónia Frota Universidade de Lisboa
Marina Vigário, Fernando Martins
EP and BP in the rhythm typology
• I. Correlates of rhythm in the speech signal Frota & Vigário 2001
• II. Language discrimination experiments Frota, Vigário & Martins in progress
– Goals: • Better understanding of the rhythmic EP / BP
• Clarify the status of ‘mixed’ languages
Background
• Traditional view isochrony (, ´ , )• New approach (Dasher & Bolinger, Daues 1983, 1987, Nespor 1990)
– phonological & phonetic properties• syllable structure x y
• vowel reduction x y rhythmic s
• intonation/stress x y
– acoustic correlates reflect p-properties (Ramus et al. 1999)
• syllable structure variety/complexity - C < C + - %V > %V +
• vowel reduction - V < V +
– Rhythmic continuum or rhythm classes? perception
P-properties: predictions
• EP stress-timed– reduced unstressed
vowel system
– phonetic deletion [] long C clusters
– strong contrast ´ / – intonation lingers on stress
• More stress-timed C >BP, %V<BP, V>BP
• BP syll.timed/mixed– less vowel reduction (no
centralisation [])– vowel epenthesis syllable
simplication
– weaker contrast ´ / – intonation // stress
• More syllable-timed C<EP, %V>EP, V<EP
I. Correlates of rhythm Frota & Vigário 2001
• Materials • x
Domain of rhythm
• Intonational phrase (I)– sentence = I-phrase
• Why?– Lapses and clashes– Weight effects
(Pepperkamp 1992, Nespor 1999, G&N 1999, F&V 1999)
• Phrasing variation due to speech rate (slower rate > more Is within a string)
• Sentence duration– EP < BP (*2corpora)
– Effect on C and V (Grabe & Low 2000)
Durational difference
• Effect on variability
– Intervalduration x100 sentence duration
– standard deviation %C and %V EP/BP
Results: EP BP• Distinguishing role is played by %V and %C
Acoustic results and our predictions
• %V: EP<BP %C: EP>BP %V: EP>BP X
– vowel reduction 1: shorter Vs > V 2.: no V V, < %V
– intrinsic V duration more extreme s in BP
– phonological phrase lengthening in BP
• Variation in %V within EP
• Stress-timed EP/Syl.-timed BP
Results: EP and BP in the rhythmic chart
• EP: stressed (C) and syllable-timed (%V) mixed
• BP: syllable (C) and mora-timed (%V) lang. ?
Are mixed languages intermediate languages?
• If so, a rhythmic continuum (Dauer 1987, Nespor 1990, Auer 1991)
• If not, rhythmic classes– EP/BP results
(more languages?)
• Correlation %V, C– One of them is enough
• Conflicting classifications– (At least) Both are needed
P-properties revisited
• Syllable types: syllable-timed languages– p-processes: BP
• coda loss
• vowel epenthesis
• > Generalisation of CV
– p-processes: EP• effacement of Vs
• > C clusters
• Signal cues – / C(C)V/
– p-processes
II. Language discrimination Frota, Vigário & Martins
• EP and BP allow us to test the perceptual weighting of %V and C
– EP• %V plays the major role EP stress-timed LC plays the major role EP syllable-timed L• Both are equally decisive EP stress-timed L
EP syllable-timed L
• 2 experiments: EP/BP, Targeting 2 Languages– Test the relevance of intonation
Methods
• EP/BP– source sentences: Rm
• 15-19 syllables each
• representative
– low-pass filtering 400Hz
– 2 conditions: with F0 without F0 (flat= mean F0)
– 16 pairs: 6xY=Z;10xYZ
– Y, Z: different speakers
– 29 subjects naive
• Targeting 2 Languages– Dutch, Spanish: RMN– EP, BP: Rm
• 15 or 17 syllables
– low-pass filtering 400Hz– 2 conditions
• Praat
– 20 pairs: 4xY=Z (Du/Du; Sp/Sp); 4xDu/Sp; 4xPE/Du; 4xBP/Du; 4xEP/BP
– 30 subjects naive
Methods
• The story told– Tigre (afro-asian) & Hua (indo-pacific)– Task: Y,Z are from the same or from different Ls
• Training– 4 sentences of Tigre (EP, Du)– 4 sentences of Hua (BP, Sp)– 2 Y=Z pairs, 2 YZ pairs– both types, with feedback (5pairs; 8 pairs)
EP/BP: resultsWith F0
65,56,9
27,6
Task
# Prediction
* Task
Without F0
27,6
13,8
58,6
Task
# Prediction
* Task
Wave Sound Wave Sound
Wave Sound Wave SoundWave Sound Wave Sound
Wave Sound
Wave Sound
Wave SoundWave Sound
EP/BP: results
• EP and BP are discriminated
• F0 is relevant– task feasable– better results
• EP, BP and other languages? Du, SP
Targeting 2 Languages
• Is EP like Du (Tigre) or Sp (Hua) or none?
• Is BP like Du or Sp or none?– EP
• %V EP Du, EP = SpC EP = Du, EP Sp
• Both problem (inconsistent results)
– BP• BP Du, SP?
Targeting 2 Languages: Results
Targeting 2 Languages (+F0)
75
32,1
39,335,7
82,1
25
67,9
60,764,3
17,9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Same L SP&DU BP&DU EP&DU EP&BP
Language pairs
% r
es
po
ns
es
Same
Diff
Targeting 2 Languages
• Is EP like Du (Tigre) or Sp (Hua) or none?
• Is BP like Du or Sp or none?– EP is Hua
• %V EP Du, EP = Sp is not TigreC EP = Du, EP Sp
• Both problem (inconsistent results)
– BP is Hua• BP Du, SP?
F0 effect
Discrimination
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Same L SP&DU BP&DU EP&DU EP&BP
Language pairs
% r
es
po
ns
es
TL(+F0)
TL(-F0)
Conclusion
• Acoustic evidence– EP BP (%V, C)
– EP has mixed rhythm• stress ( C)&syll.(%V)
– BP has mixed rhythm• syll.( C)&mora (%V)
– No problem to the rhythm class hypothesis
– Test the perceptual weighting of %V and C
• Perceptual evidence– EP BP (62.9%)– F0 is relevant (46.7%)
– EP, BP, Stress-timed L Syllable-timed L EP Du (64.3%)
– %V takes the lead
– EP
– BP
EP and BP Rhythm:Acoustic and Perceptual Evidence
Sónia Frota Universidade de Lisboa
Marina Vigário, Fernando Martins
Thanks to F.Ramus, L.Wetzels, T.Rietveld, G.Elordieta
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