energy drinks and sport drinks
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Energy Drinks and
Sport Drinks
Leonardus B.S. Kardono
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• Energy drinks are mostly lightlycarbonated and non-alcoholic beverages thatprovide the consumer a temporary energyboost and increase in mental alertness bythe addition of a number of energyenhancing ingredients, in most casescaeine.
You have probably seen these drinksdisplayed alongside soft drinks and uices ingrocery stores, corner stores and gasstations.
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• !o you kno" if there is a dierence bet"eena #Sports# drink and an #Energy# drink$%ell, they are very dierent. &o"ever, thereseems to be much confusion over the t"o
terms "ith many people using theminterchangeably.
Energy drinks provide a mental stimulanteect. 'ostly they are soft drinks that
contain high levels of substances, such as(aeine, )aurine, *uarana and others.
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• Sports drinks, on the other hand,do not have a stimulant eect, andalthough some contain caeine, the
levels used are not high. +nstead,Sports drinks are specicallydesigned for people "ho are
undertaking physical activity.
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• Sports drinks are designed for high-performanceathletes "ho need to add carbohydrates andreplace electrolytes during andor after theirtraining or competition. But if youre not involvedin more than an hour of activity a day or s"eatingprofusely, Sports drinks simply add to your dailykilooule /a unit of energy measurement0 intake.
)herefore, 1nergy drinks should not be confused"ith Sports drinks, "hich are intended to
replenish electrolytes, sugars, "ater and othernutrients and are usually isotonic /i.e. containingthe same proportions as found in the humanbody0.
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• Sports !rink
• 2 thirst-3uenching beverage used insports and related activities, torehydrate, boost energy and replenishelectrolytes lost to s"eating. 2llsports drinks contain "ater, sugar,
salt, potassium4 some contain e5tras6e.g., amino acids6meant to buildmuscle mass
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• sports drink
• 7erformance drink Sports medicine 2thirst-3uenching beverage used insports-related activities, "hich mayboost energy andor help buildmuscle mass4 "ater, sugar, salt,
potassium are common to all S!s
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• Sports drink
• True Isotonic drinks 8eplace 9uid andelectrolytes lost during lengthy e5ercise
• Carohydrate drinks (ontain glucosepolymers and are intended to replenishenergy reserves during and after e5ercise
• !rotein drinks 2mino acid drinks (ommonlymade of "hey, a bovine milk product and are
used to help recuperate fatigued or overlystressed muscles :Y )imes ;?4 (@
Ef t $ $it
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Efect o e#erage osmo$a$ityon intestina$ %uid asorption
during eercise•
)o determine ho" osmolality of an orally ingested9uid-replacement beverage "ould alter intestinal9uid absorption from the duodenum andor
eunum during A min of cycle e5ercise /@C.C DE.>F peak G= uptake0 in a cool environment
/==H(0, seven subects / men, = "omen, peak G=
uptake I ?. D C.A ml J kg
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• :asogastric and multilumen tubes "ere 9uoroscopically positionedin the gastric antrum and duodenoeunum, respectively. Subectsingested a total of =C mlkg body mass of the test solution, =EF/C;E D > ml0 of this volume min before e5ercise and
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• Gf the total volume of 9uid ingested, A= D
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Do isotonic drinks work or arethey 'ust another waste o
money?• 2n isotonic drink is essentially ust "ater andglucose /sugar0 "ith some added vitaminsand minerals. 7erhaps the most popular type
of such beverage is LucoTade Sport but thereare no" doTens of similar drinks on sale.
• +n recent years, isotonic drinks have sprungup all over the place promising to boost your
physical performance and help your bodyrecover from physical e5ertion. But are theseclaims based in scientic fact$
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• %hen "e e5ercise, many of theminerals contained in our body areeither burnt up or e5creted through
perspiration. +sotonic drinks helpreplenish these lost minerals as "ellas topping up our energy levels. )he
theory is, that you "ill thereforerecover more 3uickly from a "orkoutor a sporting activity.
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• 2nd, in fact, you actually "ill... to ane5tent. )he glucose "ill give you anenergy boost, and the ? to AF
carbohydrate content typically foundin such drinks can improve yourstamina. )he added sodium
contained in most energy drinks isalso benecial as it enhances 9uidabsorption.
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• &o"ever, despite their price, isotonicdrinks are in no "ay superior toregular food. )hey dont contain any
magical ingredients or specialformula. 2 glass of "ater and abanana are every bit as benecial to
your body, if not more so.
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• sotonic drinks are by no means badfor you. )heir practicality can, insome instances, make them a better
choice than "ater and a selection offruit. Nust dont e5pect them totransform your energy or stamina
levels.
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Scienti(ca$$y designed torehydrate you aster
• )he maority of commercial sports drinks/*atoradeU, 7o"eradeU, (ytoma5U, etc.0are designed to maintain proper hydration
and energy levels during a "orkout.2ssuming that you began your "orkoutproperly hydrated, such beverages giveyou everything you need to continue. )hey
are not, ho"ever, optimiTed to 3uicklyrecuperate an athlete "ho is e5tremelydehydrated. 8apid 8ehydrationU is.
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• 2ll 9uids consumed by the body can be broken
into three main categoriesQ hypertonic,isotonic, and hypotonic. )hese distinctions aremade based on the 9uids concentration of"ater. 2 healthy human cell has a very nely
tuned "ater concentration. +f your beveragehas a lo"er concentration of "ater than ahealthy cell it is called hypertonic, if theconcentrations are e3ual it is called isotonic,
and if the concentration is higher it is calledhypotonic.
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• 'ost conventional sports drinks are isotonic,having the same ratio of carbohydrates,electrolytes, and "ater as your cells. Since
the 9uids inside and outside the cell areessentially the same, "ater 9o"s freely backand forth across your cell "all, keeping youproperly hydrated. )his process of free 9o"
is actually 3uite slo". +n a dehydrated state,your cells are not healthy and need to3uickly absorb 9uids from their surroundings.
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• 2 hypotonic solution, "ill have higherconcentration of "ater outside ofyour cells than inside. 2s a result,
there "ill be an osmotic pressure onyour cell "alls that "ill "ant to force"ater in until the concentration on
both sides in the same. +n this "ay,"ater is more rapidly absorbed bythe body.
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• )his might beg the 3uestion, #%hy not ust use plain "ater$# Yes, plain "ater is the most hypotonic beverage that e5ists.
&o"ever, the human body is a comple5 system that likes tomaintain e3uilibrium. Vluids are ma5imally absorbed fromthe gut if they contain a small amount of carbohydrates.Vurther, the bodys renal system regulates ust ho" much"ater "ill be absorbed from a 9uid based on theconcentration of electrolytes passing through your kidneys.7ure "ater drops this concentration, giving your body theimpression that "ater should stop being absorbed into yourbloodstream /you are less thirsty0. )he concentration ofelectrolytes in 8apid 8ehydrationW is formulated to foregothis problem, as "ell as help prevent muscle cramps and
other side eects of cutting "eight before competition.
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• But "ait, doesnt protein help yourecover$ Yes, protein is essential tomuscle recovery and maintaining
healthy energy levels. &o"ever,proteins, along "ith fats and e5cesscarbohydrates, actually slo" the
absorption of "ater. Virst, the additionof such ingredients makes thebeverage hypotonic, lo"ering the
pressure that forces the "ater into
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• 2 small obect, such as an atom or "ater
/&=E0 molecule, "ill pass very easily throughyour porous cell "all and into the cell. Longchain molecules have diXculty passingthrough the small holes in your cell "alls and
therefore take much longer to pass into or outof the cell. !uring this passage, they arestealing precious real estate that could beused for traXcking "ater or electrolytes. Gur
formula is specially designed to prevent thisfrom happening.
s more a ways etter
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s more a ways etter)*+
• Gsmolality is a term used to describe theconcentration of particles dissolved in asolution. +t is a measure of density and ise5pressed in units of measurement kno"n asosmoles or milliosmoles /one thousandth ofan osmole0, per
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• Gptimal absorption of 9uids "ithinthe body happens "hen a sportsdrink solution is e3ual in terms of
osmolality to "hat naturally occurs inthe body. )he osmolality of ourbodys o"n 9uids are appro5
CEEmosmkg "ater and areregulated by the intrinsicmechanisms "ithin our o"n system.
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• Vluids supplied "ith osmolality aboveCEEmosmkg, /i.e. hypertonic solutions0,cause not only delays in gastric emptying
but also more importantly "ill cause 9uidshifts from the body to the gut beforeabsorption occurs. Such delays inrehydration introduce the real potential to
delay and reduce performance. /2lonso,>A, &argreaves, >
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• Solutions that are isotonic, /having thesame osmolality as our o"n body9uids0, are "ithout this eect.
• Solutions, "hich are marginallyhypotonic, /that is are belo" theosmolality of the body0, are kno"n to
be emptied 3uickly from the stomachand have the potential to be absorbedthe most rapidly. /Leiper, >A0.
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• 2s the osmolality of your sports drinkincreases above CEE mosmolkg, eXcientuptake from the *+ tract is decreased. +n fact,solutions "ith high osmolalities /hypertonic0can actually dra" 9uid out of the body. Vorthe everyday person, this is not a problem.
&o"ever, for athletes "ho are turning overlarge volumes of 9uids and electrolytes, itcould literally mean life or death. /Gr,perhaps at the least, nishing instead of a!:V0.
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