energy cycles notes
Post on 19-Jul-2015
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Biogeochemical Cycles▪Bio
▪ Life
▪Geo
▪ Earth
▪ Chemical
▪ Elements, compounds, substances
▪ Cycle
▪ Series of events repeated in the same order
Biogeochemical Cycles
▪Chemicals move from living things (biotic) to non-living (abiotic) things and back.
Important Elements▪Phosphorus
▪Phospholipid
▪ Cell Membrane
▪Sugar and Phosphate Backbone
▪DNA
▪ATP
▪Adenosine Triphosphate
Water Cycle
▪Essential to ALL living organisms
▪97% of water is in oceans
▪2% in glaciers and polar ice caps
▪1% in lakes, rivers, and groundwater
Key Processes▪Evaporation of liquid water by solar energy
▪Condensation of water vapor into clouds
▪Precipitation▪Water hitting the earth▪ Rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
▪Transpiration▪Water evaporation through plants
▪Surface and groundwater flow▪Returns water to the oceans
Runoff and groundwater
Percolation through soil
Evapotranspiration from land
Precipitation over land
Evaporation from the ocean
Precipitationover the ocean
Runoff and groundwater
Percolation through soil
Evapotranspiration from land
Precipitation over land
Evaporation from the ocean
Precipitationover the ocean
Carbon CycleCarbon absorbs heat energy. Increase CO2 in the atmosphere
increases global temperature creating the Greenhouse Effect.
Biological Importance
▪Carbon is the essential organic element that forms molecules essential to all organisms
Key Processes▪Photosynthesis by plants and phytoplankton
▪ Removes CO2 from the atmosphere
▪Cellular respiration by producers and consumers▪ Adds CO2 to the atmosphere
▪Burning of fossil fuels and wood▪ Adds LOTS of CO2 to the atmosphere▪ Fossil fuels include coal, oil, natural gas,
organic soil
▪Decomposition▪ Adds CO2 to atmosphere
CO2 in Atmosphere
Consumer
Decomposition
Phyto-plankton
Burning of fossil fuel and wood
Soil Movement
CellularRespiration
CO2 in Atmosphere
Consumer
Decomposition
Phyto-plankton
Burning of fossil fuel and wood
Soil Movement
CellularRespiration
Biological Importance
▪Nitrogen is part of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids and is often a limiting plant nutrient.
▪78% of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Nitrogen Fixation
▪Plants cannot use nitrogen gas from the air to make organic compounds for themselves or other organisms.▪ Nitrogen (N2) must be converted to a form
called nitrates (NO3) by nitrogen-fixing bacteria
▪ Plants can absorb nitrates through their roots.
Decomposers
▪Break down dead plants and organisms
▪Release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions (NH4
+)▪ Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into
nitrates
▪ Some nitrates are changed back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria
The Role of
Bacteria in the
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen-fixingBacteria
Converts nitrogen (N2) to nitrates (NO3) so that it can be used by plants
DecomposersBreak down dead plants and organisms. Release ammonium ion (NH4
+)
NitrifyingBacteria
Convert ammonium (NH4+) to
nitrates (NO3) to be used by plants.
DenitrifyingBacteria
Convert ammonium (NH4+) to
nitrogen (N2)
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