elements front of card back of card pure substances made of one type of atom
Post on 26-Dec-2015
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Inorganic compounds
Front of card Back of cardDo not contain C.
Except CO2 and CN
(cyanide).
Ex. water, salt (NaCl)
4
Organic compounds
Front of card Back of cardContain C and
H. In all living organisms.Ex. glucose,
sucrose
5
Bases
Front of card Back of card>7 on pH scale.
Ex. sodium hydroxide (baking
soda)Spit, small
intestine are both basic.
9
Metabolism
Front of card Back of card
All chemical reactions that occur in the
body.Can be anabolic or
catabolic.
10
Monomers
Front of card Back of cardSingle units of a substance used
to build polymers.
Amino acids(monomer) used to build proteins
(polymer).
11
Catabolic Reactions
Front of card Back of card
“Catastrophe!” Breaks polymers into monomersEx. digestion
A.K.A. hydrolysis
13
Hydrolysis
Front of card Back of card
“water, to cut”Polymers are
broken down into monomers using
water.
14
Anabolic Reactions
Front of card Back of card
Combine monomers to
make polymersEx. photosynthesis
AKA. Dehydration synthesis
15
Dehydration Synthesis
Front of card Back of card
Polymers are made from the removal of water from 2
smaller molecules.
16
Carbohydrates
Front of card Back of card
Made in plants.Source of energy.
Composed of 1 carbon (C)
2 hydrogens (H)1 oxygen (O)
17
Purposes of Carbohydrat
es
Front of card Back of card
1. Structural- cells, cytoplasm
2. Energy -
18
Polysaccharides
Front of card Back of card
many sugar unitsEnergy - Starch (plants)Glycogen (animals)Storage – cellulose (plants)Chitin(insects)
21
Fructose
Front of card Back of card
1 sugar unitFound in fruits.Twice as sweet as glucose.Used for sweeteners.
23
Maltose
Front of card Back of card
2 sugar unitsglucose+ glucoseFound in seeds of germinating plants.
26
Glycogen
Front of card Back of card
PolymerMade of many glucoses.After a meal, glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells.
29
Cellulose
Front of card Back of card
PolymerMade of many glucoses.Found in plant cell walls. Known as fiber. Helps with digestion.
30
Lipids
Front of card Back of card
Made of C, H and O. More H’s.3 types:1. Phospholipids2. Steroids3. Triglycerides
(fats)
31
Purpose of Lipids
Front of card Back of card
1.Energy storage. Contains >2x the calories of carbs or proteins.
2. Structural materialCell membranes, cushion for organs, insulation, hormones.
32
Saturated Fat
Front of card Back of card• Comes from
animals.• Single bonds = hard
to break down.• Solid at room temp.• Ex. butter.
34
Unsaturated Fat
Front of card Back of card• Comes from plants• double bonds =
easier to break down.
• liquid at room temp.• Ex. canola oil
35
Phospholipids
Front of card Back of cardCell membranes
Phosphate is hydrophilic and fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.
36
Steroids
Front of card Back of card4 carbon rings. Important in making hormones. Ex. cholesterol like HDLs and LDLs
37
HDLs
Front of card Back of cardHigh Density Lipoproteins. GOOD.Carry LDLs to the liver to be broken down and removed from the body.
38
LDLs
Front of card Back of cardLow Density Lipoproteins. BAD. Clog arteries.Can lead to heart attack or stroke.
39
Proteins
Front of card Back of cardC, H, O and NNeeded for cells, muscle, repair, and maintenance.• hormones• Hemoglobin• Enzymes• antibodiesMade up of amino acids.
40
Levels of protein
structure
Front of card Back of cardPrimary – linear
Secondary – folded or coiled
Tertiary – 3-D
Quaternary - globular
43
Denaturation
Front of card Back of cardTemporary change in shape of a protein by heat, radiation or pH changes.The protein changes function.
44
Nucleic acids
Front of card Back of cardDNA and RNAHeredity and protein synthesis.Monomer: nucleotide
45
Vitamins
Front of card Back of cardAre coenzymes, which help enzymes to work.Vitamin A – visionVitamin B – prevent spinal defectsVitamin C- prevent scurvyVitamin D – prevents depression
47
Minerals
Front of card Back of cardAre cofactors, which help enzymes to work.Calcium – bonesIodine – prevent goitrePotassium – nervesIron – low = tired
48
Enzymes
Front of card Back of card
Protein catalystsIncrease the rate of a reaction without increasing temperature. Can be reused.
53
Enzymes are substrate-
specific
Front of card Back of cardEnzymes are named for the substrate they act on.Maltose(sugar)- maltaseSucrose – sucraseStarch – amylaseProtein – pepsin (stomach) & trypsin
55
top related