elc tensis
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Thesimple present tenseis one of the most common tenses in English. This page will
explain the rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.
1. Forming the simple present tense
There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with -s and theother doesn't. Here are the rules, using the example verb sing!
Subject Verb Form Example
" simple form I sing
#ou simple form You sing
He simple form $ %He sings
%he simple form $ % She sings
"t simple form $ %It sings
&e simple form We sing
They simple form They sing
"n other words, only TH"( )E%*+ %"+/ sub0ects 1he, she and it2 have to
have a verb with -%.
2. -sor -es?
&ith most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding -S.
However, with some verbs, you need to add -E% or change the ending a little. Here
are the rules!
Verb ending in... How to mae the !rd person singular Example
s /dd -E% He passes
3 /dd -E% She waltzes
sh /dd -E% She wishes
ch /dd -E% He watches
x /dd -E% She mixes
o /dd -E% He goes
consonant $ y 4hange # to ", then add -E% It flies
5anything else6 /dd -% He sings
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Forming a negati"e
+egatives in the simple present are formed by adding don'tor doesn'tbefore the
simple form of the verb!
Subject #uxiliar$ Example
" don't " don't sing
#ou don't #ou don't sing
He doesn't He doesn't sing
%he doesn't %he doesn't sing
"t doesn't "t doesn't sing
&e don't &e don't sing
They don't They don't sing
"n other words, only third person singularsub0ects 1he, she and it2 have doesn%t7
the rest have don%t.
2. Forming a $es&no 'uestion
#es8no 9uestions are also created using the auxiliary do. This time, the auxiliary is
placed before the sub0ect. Here are the rules!
#uxiliar$ Subject Example
(o " (o " sing:
(o you (o you sing:
(oes he (oes he sing:(oes she (oes she sing:
(oes it (oes it sing:
(o we (o we sing:
(o they (o they sing:
!. Forming a (H- 'uestion
&H- 9uestions 1using words such as what
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Subject *E -+, orm
%he is singing
"t is singing
&e are singing
They are singing
2. How to mae the -+, orm
&ith many verbs, you can simply add -"+ to the end of the verb. However, with
some verbs, you need to change the ending a little. Here are the rules!
Verb ending in... How to mae the -+, orm Examples
one vowel $ one consonant(ouble the consonant, then add
-"+
swim - swimming
hit - hitting
get - getting
one vowel $ one consonant $
Eemove E, then add -"+
come - cominglose - losing
live - living
5anything else6 /dd -"+
say - saying
go - going
wal= - wal=ing
orming a negati"e
+egatives in the present continuous are formed by adding notor n'tafter the verb >E!
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/ositi"e sentence ,egati"e sentence 0ontracted negati"e
" am eating. " am not eating. "'m not eating.
#ou are wor=ing. #ou are not wor=ing. #ou aren't wor=ing.
He is driving. He is not driving. He isn't driving.
%he is teaching. %he is not teaching. %he isn't teaching.
"t is raining. "t is not raining. "t isn't raining.
&e are reading. &e are not reading. &e aren't reading.
They are writing. They are not writing. They aren't writing.
2. Forming a 'uestion
#es8no 9uestions are created by moving the verb >E to the beginning of the sentence.
&H-9uestions are formed by moving the verb >E, and then adding the &H- word.
Here are the rules!
Statement )es&no 'uestion (H- 'uestion
" am eating. /m " eating: &hat am " eating:
#ou are crying. /re you crying: &hy are you crying:
He is going. "s he going: &here is he going:
%he is arriving. "s she arriving: &hen is she arriving:
"t is sleeping. "s it sleeping: &hy is it sleeping:
&e are leaving. /re we leaving: &hen are we leaving:
They are fighting. /re they fighting: &hy are they fighting:
he simple present tense
The simple present tense is used for two main types of action!
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Habits /ctions which happen regularly 1for example, every day or every wee=2
States Things which do not often change 1for example, opinions and conditions2
%ome examples will help to ma=e this clearer!
$pe oaction
Examples Explanations
Habit
#oung-?i goes to class
every day.Every day< is a habit.
"t rains a lot in @ancouver. This means that it rains often.
%antos always tal=s about
his family./lways< means this is a habit.
Aerry spends 4hristmas with
his parents.
This implies that he spends 4hristmas with
his parents every year.
State
>ianca lives in Blorida. This is a state, because it doesn't change.
Aean-)aul has red hair. %omeone's hair colour doesn't usuallychange.
?artin li=es chocolate.&hen we li=e something, usually we will
always li=e it.
/nna believes in od.>eliefs and opinions are states. They don't
often change.
2. he present continuous tense
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action!
# temporar$ action
happening now
%omething which is going on right now1but it will
stop in the future2
# deinite plan or the uture %omething we intend to do, usually in the near future
Here are some examples!
$pe o action Examples Explanations
emporar$ action
happening right now
Aohn is winning the
game.
ight now, Aohn is winning, but the
game isn't finished yet.
"t's raining outside. "t's raining right now 1but it may stopsoon2.
%oraya's wor=ing in
the library.%he's wor=ing there right now.
%ihol is spending
4hristmas with his
family.
He's spending 4hristmas with his family
right now, this year. 1?aybe next year
he won't.2
einite plan or the
uture
"'m playing soccer
tomorrow.
This plan is already arranged and
definite.
%arah's leaving for
%an Brancisco on
Briday.
%he has probably already bought her
tic=et.
The *lympics are This is already certain.
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$pe o action Examples Explanations
ta=ing place here next
year.
"'m having a party
next wee=./ll the plans have been made.
Forming the present perect tense
This tense is formed using two components! the verb H/@E 1in the present tense2,
and thepast participleform of a verb. &ith a regular verb the past participle ends
with -E( 10ust li=e the simple past2. "rregular verbs have a special past participle form
that you have to learn. Here are the rules, using the regular verb arrive< and the
irregular verb eat
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Subject H#VE /ast /articiple
" havearrived
eaten
#ou havearrived
eaten
He hasarrived
eaten
%he hasarrived
eaten
"t hasarrived
eaten
&e havearrived
eaten
They havearrived
eaten
+ote that the sub0ect and auxiliary verb may be contracted! for example, " have
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