eia development and mining in myanmar - · pdf file · 2017-11-19eia development...

EIA Development and Mining in Myanmar

Dr. Myo Nyunt Professor

Department of Mining Engineering

Yangon Technological University

September 2013, YTU

Environmental problems: result of underdevelopment and poverty

(unhealthy life style) rather than in industrial development

NCEA: February, 1990 under MOFA; coordinates the work of

various government agencies and departments; acts as

the national focal point; reports directly to the Cabinet.

BANCA – EIA (Biological Statement)

FREDA – Mangrove

WCS – Wildlife

MES – Industrial guidelines, engineering

USDA, MMCWA – Planting, awareness

UNDP, UN Habitat, UNEP – International cooperation

A GLIMPSE OF THE PAST

Ministry of Forestry

Planning and Statistics

Department

National Commission for Environmental Affairs

(NCEA)

(Focal Point for International Convention)

Chairman :Minister, Ministry of Forestry

Secretary : Director General

Planning and Statistics Department

Joint Secretary: Director

Planning and Statistics Department

Environmental Conservation Committee

Chairman : Minister, Ministry of Forestry

Vice Chairman : Minister, Ministry of Mines

Working Group : 7 Deputy Ministers

Leaders

Secretary : Director General

Department of Forests

Joint Secretary : Director General

Department of Mines

Ministry of Mines

NCEA : 2004

2011: Ministry of Environmental Conservation

and Forestry

30-3-2012: Environmental Conservation Law

2012 October: Environmental Conservation

Department

CAUTIOUS EVOLUTION

VISION : National Environmental

Policy (1994)

To achieve harmony and balance through integration of environmental considerations into the development process.

work programme to be carried out in the 21st

century

points out the weakness of institutional

and legal mechanism for

environmental protection

lays down the objectives, programmes

and activities to be implemented

two major programme areas in mineral

sector:

Upgrade facilities for environmentally

sound mining and mineral extraction

and processing operations;

Rehabilitate degraded areas from

mining and mineral extraction operation.

Myanmar Agenda 21, April 1997

National Sustainable Development

Strategy (2009)

Wellbeing and Happiness of Myanmar People

3 Goals

26 Areas

Sustainable

Management of

Natural Resources

Integrated Economic

Development

Sustainable Social

Development

Environmental

Issues

(11 Areas)

Economic Issues

(19 Areas)

Social Issues

(6 Areas)

Environmental

Perspective

(42 Indicators)

Economic

Perspective

(62 Indicators)

Social Perspective

(24 Indicators)

Monitoring and Evaluation

Principle Government Mechanism

Effort after

Nargis (2008)

RELATED LAWS

Law and

Regulation Year Purpose

Factory Act 1951 To make effective arrangements in every factory for disposal of waste

and effluence, and matters on health, cleanliness and precaution

against danger.

Protection and

Preservation of

Cultural Heritage

Regions Laws

1998 To implement the protection and preservation policy with respect to

perpetuation of cultural heritage that has existed for many years;

to protect and preserve the cultural heritage regions and the

cultural heritage therein so as not to deteriorate due to natural

disaster or man-made destruction.

Fertilizer Law 2002 To boost development of agricultural sector, control fertilizer business,

and to facilitate conservation of soil and environment.

Conservation of Water

Resources and

Rivers Law

2006 To conserve and protect the water resources and rivers system for

beneficial utilization by the public; to protect environmental impact.

Environmental Law 2012 To implement National Environmental Policy; to set up principles and

guidelines for sustainable development; to conserve the clean

environment, natural and cultural heritage for present and future

generation.

PROPOSED ORGANIZATION (Modified after UN)

MOECAF (Under the chairmanship of

the Prime Minister or the like)

Department of Environment

(NCEA)

Water Air Solid Waste LA 4

(Expert

Group)

(Expert

Group)

(Expert

Group)

(Expert

Group)

Policy and

Legislation

EIA/ Licensing

Standards/

Control

Engineering Research

Development

Advisory Body

Outcome of MES Workshop (2008)

BANCA EIA

TAMANTHI DAM (Biological)

WHAT WE NEED

Institutional development (ECD under MOECAF)

Detailed regulations (Regulation; EIA procedure)

Environmental standards (MSTRD-led)

Environmental Inventory/ Env. Data (SOE)

Resource capacity (Few options; limited capacity)

EIA expertise (ADB to MOECAF)

Budget (State, developers)

CURRENT LEGAL FLOW

1. Project proposals go to MOECAF for ESIA categorization, before MIC

2. Proponent finds a third party service provider to carry out ESIA process

3. Inform MOECAF about the third party organization

4. If MOECAF accepts third party, go on with it; if not, try another one

5. When the ESIA report is finished, it is submitted to MOECAF for review

process

6. The project may

a. be allowed as it is proposed

b. be allowed with comments to revise

c. be rejected

7. MOECAF accepts ESIA report and issues ECC, then MIC process

EIA Proposal Stage

EIA Scoping Stage

EIA Review Stage

REVISE

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

(Special Projects)

(Energy)

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက (Agriculture)

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

Industry)

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက ကကကကကကကကက

(Infrastructure Development)

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကက ကကကကကကကကက (Transport)

ကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကက (Mining)

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက (Social

Development)

Project Categorization

က ကက

ကက ကက

ကက ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက

ကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကကက ကက ကက

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က ကက

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Impact: any change in physical, chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic environmental system

Changes by mining:

Changes in topography

Changes in hydrogeological conditions

Changes in geotechnical conditions of rock

Impacts on:

Lithosphere - ridges, depressions, pits, subsidence

Hydrosphere - water table, discharge, leakage

Atmosphere - engines, dust/gases from blasts, smelters

Biosphere - degradation of land/ vegetation, loss in

biodiversity

IMPACTS FROM MINING

Health Aspects:

Physical hazards - noise, heat, vibration, falls, explosion

Chemical hazards - pollutants in water, solid wastes, air

Biological hazards - fungus, bacteria, parasites on workers

Mental hazards - claustrophobia, anxiety, tension,

irritability

Significant characteristics: waste rock, tailing dams, ARD,

radiation, mined land

MINE EIA STUDY

EIA needs to be done in early stage; If not …

PICTURE STORY

Land Degradation

Mercury

Pollution

Method and Safety

Cyanidation Tanks

and Tailing pond

Photo credit: mmtimes.com/ dvb/ asianews

Mines +

Projects – EIA

Thank You All

Dr. Myo Nyunt Professor Department of Mining Engineering Yangon Technological University Contact: nyuntster@gmail.com

YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

BAWDWIN MINE

SHAN STATE

MYO NYUNT

The term “Mining” came into education in

1927, along with the B.O.C College of

Mining and Engineering but no intake

1954 Department of Mining Engineering

was founded

The then four year course, upon completion,

led to “Bachelor of Science” degree.

MINING EDUCATION

1957: the first four graduated as B.Sc.

Engg. (Mining)

1958: the course was extended from four to

five years

1965: the degree “B.Sc. Engg. (Mining)”

was designated as “B.E. (Mining)”

2006: Department of Mining Engineering

totally produced over 680 graduates

2012: Resumed undergraduate courses

GRADUATES

Courses Graduates

Ph.D 6

M.E 33

M.Phil 2

B.E 681

ROCK MECHANIC LAB

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

SURVEYING

Advanced softwares

From Concordia

International

EARLY STAFF

(Russians and Indians)

STAFF QUALIFICATION

Colorado SOM

Camborne SOM

Freiberg

Colorado

Queensland UNSW

London

Imperial

Queensland

MINING SEMINARS

Deputy Minister (Rtd.) U Myint Thein at a seminar, MES

Course No. Course Title Periods per week (avg) Credit

Points Lect. Tut. Pract. Tot.

MIN 71058 Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) I

3 1 0 4 4

MIN 71068 Social Impact Assessment (SIA) I 3 1 0 4 4

MIN 71078 Environmental Management System

(EMS) I

3 1 0 4 4

MIN 71088 Occupational Safety and Health

(OSH) Management I

3 1 2 6 5

MIN 71098 Institutions and Related Laws for

Environmental Conservation I

3 1 0 4 4

MIN 71029 Seminar I 0 0 3 3 1.5

Total 15 5 5 25 22.5

Curriculum for New Post-Graduate Diploma (Dip. EIA/EMS)

SEMESTER ONE (18 Weeks)

Research Papers in Environment

Environmental Issues in Mineral Industries (1998)

Planning and Management Modeling of an Environmentally Sound

Mining Project with Regard to Related Laws and Practices in

Myanmar (2000)

Systematic Approach to Environmental Conservation in Mineral Resources

Development (2001)

Environmental Assessment and Conservation for Industrial

Projects (2004)

Integration of Environmental Activities in Myanmar (2006)

Management of Foundry Wastes (2007)

ACADEMIC STAFF RESEARCH

REVIEW ON THE CURRENT PRACTICES

FOR MINERALS PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

MYANMAR

U San Nyunt, Associate Professor,

Department of Mining Engineering,

30-5-04

MODERATION OF ISO 14001

FOR MYANMAR INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS

MYO NYUNT

DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING

YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Challenges for Solving Myanmar Environmental Issues

Myanmar Engineering Society

Annual General Meeting

4-5 February 2006, Yangon

Myo Nyunt

Environmental Assessment Model for an Industrial Project

Dr. Myo Nyunt Professor

9 May 2011, YTU

PAPERS

COLLABORATION WITH YTU

(Quarry Needing Proper Design)

ESIA FOR INDUSTRIES

Program Possibility

Remark YES No

Support for post-graduate

study education

Lecture to ME and PhD

students, including relevant

staff in YTU

- EIA / EMS

Advice on research of ME

and PhD students

Supply of the tools and

books required for their

research

Advice to establish

laboratory system

Sandwich program

Research collaboration and

training program for the

Program Possibility

Remark YES No

Short term dispatch of the staff

Advice and support for

research collaboration

Support for the undergraduate

education

Program Possibility

Remark YES No

IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ/ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ IEE

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆ(ဆ)

ဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ EIA

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ECC ဆဆဆဆဆ ECC ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ EMP

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ IEE

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

IEE ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆ(ဆ)

ဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ EIA

ဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ(

ဆ) ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ/ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ EIA Report

Review Body ဆဆဆဆ

EIA Report Review Body ဆ

ဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆ(

ဆ) ဆဆဆဆ

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆ

ဆ (ဆ)

EIA ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

ဆဆဆဆဆဆ ဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆဆ

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