effects of best possible self, strengths and gratitude interventions on swb 10 th annual australian...
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Effects of best possible self, Effects of best possible self, strengths and gratitude strengths and gratitude interventions on SWBinterventions on SWB
1010thth Annual Australian Quality of Life Conference, Annual Australian Quality of Life Conference, Melbourne, 20Melbourne, 20thth November 2008 November 2008
Elizabeth M. Clancy and Dianne A. Vella-BrodrickMonash University, Australia
AgendaAgenda
BackgroundBackground Aims & hypothesesAims & hypotheses Research designResearch design ResultsResults Findings Findings Further research questionsFurther research questions
Background – Positive PsychologyBackground – Positive Psychology Subjective well-being and measurementSubjective well-being and measurement Predictors of SWBPredictors of SWB SWB and personality (Keyes, Schmotkin & Ryff, 2002)SWB and personality (Keyes, Schmotkin & Ryff, 2002) Orientation to happiness (Peterson, Park & Seligman, 2005)Orientation to happiness (Peterson, Park & Seligman, 2005) Architecture of sustainable change (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon & Architecture of sustainable change (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon &
Schkade, 2005)Schkade, 2005) Self-concordant motivation (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999)Self-concordant motivation (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) Interventions developed to increase positive affectInterventions developed to increase positive affect
– Best Possible Self (King, 2001)Best Possible Self (King, 2001)– Gratitudes (Emmons & McCullough, ?)Gratitudes (Emmons & McCullough, ?)– Strengths (Peterson and Seligman, 2004)Strengths (Peterson and Seligman, 2004)
Broaden and build theory (Fredrickson)Broaden and build theory (Fredrickson)
Research designResearch design
ParticipantsParticipants– 68 adults, 77.9% female, Mean age 40.06 years68 adults, 77.9% female, Mean age 40.06 years
Measures Measures – Ten Item Personality InventoryTen Item Personality Inventory– Orientations to happinessOrientations to happiness– PANAS – state and traitPANAS – state and trait– Satisfaction with Life ScaleSatisfaction with Life Scale– MotivationMotivation
ProcedureProcedure– Questionnaires administered through online survey toolQuestionnaires administered through online survey tool
Return rateReturn rate– 38%38%
MeasuresMeasures
ScaleScale # # itemsitems
αα coefficient coefficient SubscalesSubscales
Personality (TIPI)Personality (TIPI) 1010 0.720.72 ““Big 5” Personality Big 5” Personality traitstraits
Orientation to Orientation to HappinessHappiness
1818 .82/.72/.82.82/.72/.82 Pleasure, Pleasure, Engagement, Engagement, MeaningMeaning
PANAS – 2 versions, PANAS – 2 versions, state and traitstate and trait
1818 0.82/0.870.82/0.87 Positive & negative Positive & negative affectaffect
Satisfaction with Satisfaction with LifeLife
55 0.870.87 NilNil
Motivation Motivation (7 pt. (7 pt. Likert scale)Likert scale)
11 N/AN/A N/AN/A
InterventionsInterventions
Best Possible Self (BPS)Best Possible Self (BPS)– Multiple administrationsMultiple administrations
GratitudesGratitudes Strengths (VIA)Strengths (VIA) Life detailsLife details
HypothesesHypotheses1.1. That completing a best-possible self exercise is expected That completing a best-possible self exercise is expected
to produce an increase in SWB from baseline to produce an increase in SWB from baseline measurements.measurements.
2.2. That completing a gratitudes or strengths exercise is That completing a gratitudes or strengths exercise is expected to deliver an additional increase in SWB during expected to deliver an additional increase in SWB during the study, when compared with a life details placebo the study, when compared with a life details placebo exercise.exercise.
3.3. Changes in motivation are expected to moderate the Changes in motivation are expected to moderate the effectiveness of any of the interventions performed, effectiveness of any of the interventions performed, reflecting the “personal fit” of the exercise for the reflecting the “personal fit” of the exercise for the individual. individual.
4.4. A further aim of the study was to explore the influence of A further aim of the study was to explore the influence of personality and orientations to happiness on the personality and orientations to happiness on the effectiveness of the best-possible self exercise. effectiveness of the best-possible self exercise.
ResultsResults
Hypothesis 1 not supported with no overall change across the whole sample.Significant differences for gender
Results – intervention groupsResults – intervention groups
SWL: Interaction between group and gender: Females
SWL: Interaction between group and gender: Males
Results – Gender and interventionResults – Gender and intervention
Motivation changes across study and groups
Results – MotivationResults – Motivation
DiscussionDiscussion
Overall findingsOverall findings PersonalityPersonality
Trait linkages confirmed but no Trait linkages confirmed but no significant differences with regard significant differences with regard to groupsto groups
Orientations to happinessOrientations to happiness No significant differencesNo significant differences
MotivationMotivation
Further researchFurther research
Larger sample sizeLarger sample size More prolonged studyMore prolonged study GenderGender Personality Personality Orientations to happinessOrientations to happiness Other interventionsOther interventions
Lots of ways to Lots of ways to
C’Mon Get HappyC’Mon Get Happy
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