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TYPES OF GUIDANCE &

COUNSELING

Mamata Manandhar

M.Sc. Nursing,1st Year(2011)

BPKIHS 

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Introduction on Types of Guidance &

Counseling

• Guidance and counseling are

interchangeable terms, but the main

difference is guidance refers to helping

somebody plan or choose a path or

direction, whereas counseling it giving

general advice that could pertain to

almost anything.

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Introduction contd..

• An example of counseling, that may not

be considered guidance might be

therapy. Many therapists counsel theirclients and attempt to inprove their

coping skills without actually pushing

them in any direction

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Guidance

• Guidance is a continuous process and itdeals with all aspects of life.

•

Guidance services are meant to helpstudents make proper adjustments

with the environments in which they

are living & also make the best possiblecontributions commensurate with one’s

strength & limitations.

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Guidance contd..

• He being self autonomous must

therefore be permitted to make his own

decisions.

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Different Views

According to W.M. Procters’ view: 

• Educational guidance

• Vocational guidance

• Guidance in social & civic activities

•Guidance in health & physical activities

• Guidance in the worthy use of leisure time

• Guidance in character building activities

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Views contd..

As per John M Brewer, in his famous book

“Education as Guidance” described the types

of guidance as: 

• Educational guidance

• Vocational guidance

• Guidance for home relationship

• Guidance for citizenship

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Views contd..

• Guidance for leisure & recreation

• Guidance in personal well-being

•

Guidance in right doing• Guidance in thoughtfulness & cooperation

• Guidance in wholesome & cultural activities

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Views contd..

According to Nursing Educator’s view: 

•

Group guidance• Counseling

• Guidance in clinical areas

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The major types of Guidance are:

• Educational guidance

• Vocational guidance

• Avocational guidance

• Social guidance

• Health guidance

• Personal guidance

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Educational Guidance

• According to John, Educational guidance

is concerned with assistance given topupils in their choices & adjustments

with relation to schools, curriculum,

course & school life.

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Educational Guidance cont..

• The emphasis is on providing assistance to

students to perform satisfactorily in theiracademic work, choose the appropriate

courses of study, overcome learning difficulties

foster creativity ,improve level of motivation,

utilize institutional resources optimally .

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Objectives of Educational Guidance 

• To monitor the academic progress of students

studying in institutions• To acquaint the students with prescribed

curriculum

•

To identify the academically gifted, backward,creative & other categories of special learners

• To cater to the educational needs of speciallearners

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Objectives contd..

• To assist students in getting information about

further education• To diagnose the learning difficulties of the

students & help them overcome the same

•

To assist the students to maximize theirscholastic achievements

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Objectives contd..

• To help students to review & reflect on their

performance on the course• To help students face the consequences of 

acceptance of their role & respond to

demands legitimately made on them

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Vocational Guidance 

• Vocational guidance is the process of assisting

the individual to choose an occupation, prepare

for it, enter upon and progress in it.

• It is concerned with enabling students to

acquire information about career opportunities,

career growth & training

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Objectives of Vocational Guidance 

• Enable students to discover their potentialities &

interests

• Make available information about vocational

training

• Assist in choice of vocation

• Train students for entrepreneurship

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Objective contd..

• Train students for adjustment in a chosen

vocation

• Assist students in attending emotional

stability

• Help students to get properly adjusted in life

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Personal Guidance 

• Personal guidance refers to the guidance to

the students to enable them to adjust

themselves to their environment so that they

become efficient citizens.

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Objectives of Personal Guidance 

•Help students to improvemental health

• Assist students in becoming progressively

responsible for their own development

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Social Guidance 

• Social guidance is the guidance to

student to enable them to make

substantial contributions to the society;assume leadership , conform to social

norms, work as team members, develop

healthy & positive attitudes, appreciatethe problems of society

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Objectives of Social Guidance 

• Develop in students proper attitude for social life

• Inculcate in students right social values

• Train students for leadership & followership

qualities

• Built a spirit of teamwork in students

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Avocational Guidance 

• Avocational guidance is the assistance to be

provided to students to spend their availabletime profitably.

• For e.g. games, photography, fine arts, this has

recreational values also.

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Objectives of Avocational Guidance 

• Provide opportunities for participation in

extra curricular activities• Assists students in developing hobbies &

interests

•

Provide avenues for recreation• Inculcate interests in games & other

forms of recreation

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Health Guidance 

• This implies the assistance rendered to

the students for maintaining sound health.

Sound health is a prerequisite for participating

in curricular & cocurricular activities.

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Objectives of Health Guidance 

• Indicate need for sound health

• Provide for sex education

•

Encourage students to follow a well-balanceprogram of physical activities

• Encourage students to overcome any remedial

defects they may have or to receive medical

treatment for them

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Educational Guidance in Nursing 

• Teachers in nursing institutions developinstructional plans, implement them &

evaluate the effectiveness of theirinstructions for the main purpose of enabling their students to acquire

knowledge & skill prescribed in thecourses of study.

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Principals of Educational Guidance 

• Educational guidance must be objective

oriented

• Every student is capable of achieving thebest of his ability

• Individual differences in academic

achievement of students must be

recognized

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Principles contd..• Educational guidance strategy must be

student oriented

• The strategies must take into consideration

the resources & facilities available to the

students• Educational guidance needs to be provided

for all

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• Avarege

• Below Average

• Above Average

Classification of students in

Educational Guidance 

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Identification of Students problems 

• continuous & careful observations

• records of student’s performance in test,assignments & other academic activities

• Achievement tests, aptitude tests,

intelligence tests & interest inventories.

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Strategies for Educational

Guidance

• Educational guidance strategies to be used

by teachers depend upon the nature of problems, & the extent of their effect

• These strategies should be situation-

oriented & student-oriented.

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Approach to Problem Solving 

• Problem identification

• Gathering the data available

• Hypothesizing the probable causes of the

problem

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Problem solving contd..

• Identifying the data needed & collecting

the data• Arriving at the actual causes

• Implementing the strategy for solving

• Follow-up action initiation

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TYPES OF COUNSELING 

• Developmental Counseling

• Preventive Counseling

• Facilitative Counseling

• Crisis Counseling

• Orientation services & appraisal servicesare also included

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Counseling contd..

Others services

• Planning

• Placement &

• Follow-up services

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Types of Student Concerns Addressed 

• Self-esteem, family dynamics, transition

& separation issues, roommate

problems, relationships, stress and

anxiety, depression, loss & grief,

loneliness, painful memories, drug &

alcohol issues, eating disorders, sexual

issues, suicidal thoughts, sleep

difficulties, anger management, decision

making, communication skills

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References 

• KP Neeraja, Textbook of Nursing Education, 1ST edition 2003, reprint 2009AD, JAYPEE, 458-462 &479-493 

• BT Basavanthapa, Nursing Education, 2nd edition

2009 AD, JAYPEE, 869-877 & 882-883

• http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_definition_of_'guidance'_and_'counselling'_discus_types_of_counselling_with_example

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Reference contd..

• http://www.unt.edu/cat/counseling/counselin

g.html 

• http://www.allpsychologyschools.com/psycho

logy-careers/counseling/counseling-types 

• http://www.unt.edu/cat/counseling/counselin

g.html 

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