ecology unit 2. dateentry 5 define ecology (look back at unit 1 if you need help) pick a...

Ecology

Unit 2

Date Entry 5

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUY_-LK_lOc&feature=related

•Define Ecology (Look back at Unit 1 if you need help)

•Pick a environment

•List 10 living factors and 5 non-living factors found in this environment

•Make a prediction what the term INTERDEPENDENCE means.

Imprinting- young animals

recognizing and following the first moving object they see – urge to follow is innate, what to follow is learned

Warm-up Dec. 14th #65Classical

conditioning- animal makes a connection between a stimulus and a reward or punishment; a.k.a “learning by association”

Warm-up 2/1 Entry 7

Biotic (living)relating to,

produced by, or caused by living

organisms.

Abioticnon-living chemical and physical factors in the environment,

like sun, water, rocks, temperature

Lion King Video Clip- at 9 mins.

“When we die our bodies become the grass, and the antelope eat the grass, and so we are all connected in the great circle of life”

Levels of the Biosphere

Biosphere: Area on earth where life exists

Biome: Areas of similar climate and vegetation

http://www.yellowtang.org/animations/organization.swf

Ecosystem: System formed by the interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors in a given area.

Biotic FactorsAnimalsPlantsBacteriaBiotic InteractionsSymbiontsCompetitionPredators

Abiotic FactorsWaterSoilTemperaturepHHumidity

Examples of ecosystems:

Can you think of an example?

Levels of Biosphere

Community: Interaction of biotic factors

Population: Group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same community/ecosystem

Niche: Total way of life

Includes = habitat, resource needs, symbiotic relationships,

Trophic Levels = Levels of Feeding

Producers: Produce food for themselves

Consumers: Must take in food

Herbivores: primary consumers (eat plants)

Omnivores: eat at many levels (plants and animals)

Secondary and Tertiary: may be carnivore (eats animals) or omnivore

Decomposers: break down wastes and dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWhXKhh8xo&feature=related

Ecological Efficiency

Energy Lost

10,000cal

1,000cal

100cal

10 cal

10% rule: only 10% of available energy is passed to the next trophic level

Ticket out the Door1.Organize the following from smallest to

largestcommunity, biosphere, ecosystem, population, biome

2.What abiotic factors would a maple tree require?

3. What types of interactions would be observed in a community?

4. What is difference between a community and population?

Ticket out the Door1. What do the arrows

represent in a food web?

2.Where would the greatest available energy be found in a food web?

3.What happens to the energy in a food web as it moves from trophic level to trophic level?

4.What will happen to the rabbit population if the snakes are removed from the food web?

Use food web for question 4

Entry 7 2/3

Rotting Apple

Four friends argued about why an apple on the ground eventually rots away and disappears. This is what they said: Anna: “I think it is just something that happens over time”.

Selma: “I think small organisms use it for energy and building material”

Felicia: “I think the atoms and molecules in the apple break apart”.

Logan: “I think wind and water soften it, and it dissolves into the soil”.

Eli: “I think water and air rot it, then small animals come and eat the rest”.

Jack: “I think it gets old and breaks apart into pieces too small to see”.

Write out the statement from the student that you agree with. Describe your thinking. Provide an explanation for your answer.

Warm-up Dec. 17th #661. What do the arrows

represent in a food web?

2.Where would the greatest available energy be found in a food web?

3.What happens to the energy in a food web as it moves from trophic level to trophic level?

4.What will happen to the rabbit population if the snakes are removed from the food web?

Use food web for question 4

Warm-up Feb. 4th Entry 8

Create a metaphor/simile using the levels of the biosphere.

Levels of Biosphere AnalogyMeaning

Biosphere Biosphere is like ______ because ______

Biome

Ecosystem

Community

Population

Niche/Individual

Warm-Up Feb. 4th Entry 8Ecosystem

an area that contains organisms (e.g., plants,

animals, bacteria) interacting with one

another and their non-living environment.

Ecosystems can be of any size (e.g., forest, meadow, and log).

Producer An organism that obtains

its energy by using sunlight, CO2 and H20 to

synthesize

Carbohydrates (sugars)

Examples include: plants and algae

Carbon cartoon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3SZKJVKRxQ

Biogeochemical Cycles

Water CycleEnters through

precipitation or infiltration

Exits through evaporation or transpiration

Biogeochemical Cycles

Carbon CyclePowered by respiration and photosynthesisHumans influence by burning fossil fuels

Biogeochemical Cycles

Oxygen CycleDriven by

photosynthesis Led to

development of Ozone layer and today’s atmospher

Oxygen is consumed through respiration and decay

Biogeochemical Cycles

Nitrogen CycleBacteria are

responsible for converting nitrogen gas to usable forms

Nitrogen fixating bacteria:Nitrogen Fixation –

Bacteria chemically covert N2 to more useable forms, Examples: NH3

(ammonia) or NO3 -

(nitrate)

Biogeochemical Cycles

Denitrification – Bacteria chemically convert nitrate (NO3) back to N2

Importance of Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is essential for living organisms so they can build proteins

Carbon Cycle Game

As you use a colored pencil to draw arrows on YOUR carbon cycle game board, also WRITE down HOW you got there (information from the blue sheet) . This will help you later

EVERYONE should keep track of where they are on the GROUP game board (blue) and use a colored pencil to track your progress on your own game board

Use a DIFFERENT colored pencil for each cycle you complete.

ONE cycle is completed when you return back to the ATMOSPHERE

Ticket out the door

1.What two processes drive the carbon cycle?

2.What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?

3.What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?

4.What type of impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4

1. What did the yellow balloons represent?________

2. What did the black balloons represent?_________

3. How many yellow balloons did we pop?________

4. Why did the bear have to pop the yellow ballo

5. Did the yellow balloon go through a complete cycle?_____

6. What does energy do?_______________

7. How many black balloons did we use?_______

8. In what form does the plant take in the carbon?_________

9. What does the plant do with the CO2?______________________________

10. In what form does the bear (animal) take in carbon?______________

11. Animals can only get carbon by….____________________________

12. In what form does the animal release carbon?______________

13. What does matter do?______________

14. Draw a picture on the back to represent the carbon cycle you saw in the demo. Include the plant, bear and atmosphere.

http://www.vtaide.com/png/symbiosis.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=xNm7dg3BiyU&feature=endscreen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YKAalZAqO4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oA

Warm-up Dec. 18th #67

Composting

Decomposers are a necessary part of a compost pile. Decomposersneed oxygen to decompose dead plants and animals. They give off carbon dioxide. Where does the carbon in the carbon dioxide come from?

Plants

You know that plants take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. What do you think happens to the carbon atom that was once in the carbon dioxide molecule?

Warm-up Feb. 5th Entry 9

PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to make their own food. It uses energy from the sun, CO2,

and H20 to make sugar (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis and respiration power

the carbon cycle. Carbon never goes away it gets

recycled in the environment and simply changes forms.

Carbon Cycle Demonstration

Draw a picture to represent the carbon cycle you saw in the demonstration.

Include the plant, pig and atmosphere. Indicate what FORM of carbon is present (carbon dioxide or sugar).

 This picture should represent a CYCLE

What about NITROGEN?

Watch the video clip and write down 3 things you learn about the nitrogen cycle

Symbiosis Video clips

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7GvT2Isao

Brain pop

Write down ONE example of Each type of Symbiotic relationship

Biotic Relationships

Competition: A struggle for resources among organisms

Predator/Prey: Predator feeds upon another organism, Prey is organism being feed upon

Competition in animals

Competition in plants

Predator-Prey Graph

Biotic Relationships

Symbiosis: Living together in a permanent relationshipMutualism: (+,+)

both organisms benefit

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNfv_7M-R8chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XfdTvL-0oAHippo spa

Biotic Relationships

Commensalism: (+,0) one organism benefits and the other not benefitted or harmed

Parasitism: (+, -) one organism benefits and the other is harmed

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4Botfly

Warm-up Feb. 6th Entry 10

SymbiosisUse your notes or pg. 93 in the

textbook to write down a definition AND the three types of symbiosis

What is an INVASIVE Species??

Attack of the Asian Carp

Which graph best shows what is happening to the population of Asian carp in the mississippi watershed?

Population GrowthHow resources create specific carryingcapacities and populations are in dynamic equilibrium. Carrying Capacity:

The number of individuals an environment can support

Population Growth

Limiting factor Controls populationEx: Food, space, water

Disease AIDS, influenza, Dutch Elm disease, Pfiesteria

The Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma ulmi, grows and reproduces in the xylem of elm branches and stems. The fungus blocks water movement to tree leaves, which causes the leaves to wilt and turn brown.

What is Pfiesteria, and where is it found?Pfiesteria (fee-STEER-ee-uh) is a microscopic aquatic organism that might produce chemicals called toxins that injure or kill fish. However, these toxins have never been definitively identified. During the 1990s, Pfiesteria was blamed for fish kills on the Eastern coast from Delaware to North Carolina. It was reported to be a problem in the warmer months, usually between April and October, and only in areas where salt waters and fresh waters mix, such as estuaries, sounds, and rivers near the coast

Population GrowthJ-curve:

Period of “exponential” growth

S-curve: Population growth stabilizes as carrying capacity is reached

Population Growth J-curve: Period of

“exponential” growthS-curve: Population is limited by factors (resources) and carrying capacity is reached

Carrying capacity is the total number or organisms the environment can support

Warm- up Feb. 7th ENTRY #11

Test Correction Instructions

REWRITE the question into a complete sentence using the CORRECT answer. If there is a graph or picture, redraw it and explain using the question and correct answer.

Question 13 should be answer C (I will give points back if marked wrong)

Example:

1. A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test

A. a conclusion c. several hypotheses

B. mass of information d. one variable at a time

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test one variable at a time.

Ticket out the door1. What two processes drive the carbon cycle?2.What role do animals play in the carbon cycle?3.What role do plants play in the carbon cycle?4.What type of impact do humans have on the carbon cycle?5. What organism is important for the NITROGEN cycle?6. A friend of yours is always cheating off of your

paper and you get caught and punished but your friend gets an A. What type of symbiotic relationship could this represent?

Warm-up Dec. 19th #68ANSWER in COMPLETE SENTENCES

2.What factors keep a population at carryingcapacity?

3.What would the graph look like if a populationhad a unlimited supply of resources?

4.How can a predator-prey relationship help maintain carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

Ticket out the Door

1.A friend of yours is always cheating off of your paper and you get caught and punished but your friend gets an A. What type of symbiotic relationship could this represent?

2.What factors keep a population at carryingcapacity?

3.What would the graph look like if a populationhad a unlimited supply of resources?

4.How can a predator-prey relationship help maintain carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

Ticket IN the Door

Half Sheet of Paper on Desk

Technology

GPS: Global Positioning SystemGIS: Geographic

Information Systems – to store, manage, and integrate data

Mark/Recapture: Animals captured, tagged, released, and then recaptured

Use of GIS: Bird banding for mark/recapture

Technology

Quadrant Analysis: A small section of a large area that reduces the space that a scientist must analyze

Water/Soil Analysis:

sampling techniques to determine chemical or physical properties

Ticket out the Door

1.Give an example when a quadrant analysis would be a useful technique to use?

2.Give an example when mark and recapture would be useful?

3. Why would take water samples be important?

Biosphere Squares – Day 3

Instructions: In the Biome section of your drawing illustrate the Carbon Cycle.

You will need to include the process of photosynthesis and respiration. You will also need to include how

humans and decomposers play a role in the carbon cycle.

Biosphere Squares – Day 4

Instructions: In the community section of your drawing you will illustrate 2 Biotic relationships1.One Biotic relationship must be a type of symbiotic relationship (parasitism, commensalism, mutualism) 2.The second biotic relationship can be predator-prey relationship or competition for resources.

Flashcard Warm-up

Bioticrelating to,

produced by, or caused by living

organisms.

My picture:

My sentence:

Abioticnon-living chemical

and physical factors in the environment.

My picture:My sentence:

Flashcard Warm-Up

Ecosystem an area that contains organisms (e.g., plants,

animals, bacteria) interacting with one

another and their non-living environment.

Ecosystems can be of any size (e.g., forest, meadow, and log).

My picture:

My sentence:

Producer An organism that obtains

its energy by using sunlight, CO2 and H20 to

synthesize

Carbohydrates (sugars)

Examples include: plants and algae

My picture:

My sentence:

Flashcard Warm-Up

Autotrophan organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and produce their own

food (ex. plants, algae);also known as producersMy picture:

My sentence:

Heterotroph organisms that obtains energy from the food

it consumes; also known as a consumerMy picture:

My sentence:

Flashcard Warm-up

PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to make their own food. It

uses energy from the sun, CO2, and H20. Photosynthesis and respiration power the carbon cycle. (Rewrite the definition of respiration here:

from unit 1)

My picture:

My sentence:

More people Bubble Chart

MORE people might mean….

Collect news articles and opinion pieces on human population trends and related environmental and social issues, or world population reaching seven billion in 2011.

ONE global , one LOCAL article about your topic

Cite your source on the index card. Write a summary on your card explaining the MAIN idea of the article. Add these to your bubble chart

Air pollution

Land use

Climate change

Migration/Immigration

Deforestation

Public health

Social security

Energy

Waste management

Food resources/Hunger

Water resources

Housing and homelessness

Economics

Resource use/Consumption

Endangered species