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Field Testing and Optimization of Soy Based Dust Control Agents
byJames Bahr
January 31, 2019
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Summary
• The need for better road dust control agents
• Development of soy-based dust control at NDSU
• Field test results
• Current and future projects
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
The Problem
• Fugitive road dust is hazardous to people, livestock and crops
• Current widespread use of magnesium and calcium chloride create environmental concerns and cause corrosion to vehicles and infrastructure
• Chlorides typically require two applications per year and fail in low humidities
Calcium Chloride Run Off
Ground Water Contamination
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Soy-Based Benefits
• Non-corrosive, non-toxic, and biodegradable
• Drop-in replacement for chlorides- can use existing trucks
• Does not accumulate in lakes and streams
• Can reduce gravel road maintenance costs by stabilization
• Increased demand for midwestern agricultural products
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Material Description
Glycerol + Soy Biodieselor oil
Mono, Di and Triglycerides
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Mode of Action
Attracts Water Molecules
Cross-linked Bonds
Fatty acid chains
• Aged material has >10x increase in molecular weight due to cross-linking
• Binds dust particles together
• Remains pliable, does not harden
Sticky when Cross-linked
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Early Lab Development
Synthesize Emulsify in Water Treat Gravel Measure Dust
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Road Test PrepDual Reactors Emulsification
1,100 gallons of product
3x Water Added
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Road Test Application
Application day 0.5 gal/yd2 Eight days later after 2 inches of rainfallNo visible run-off
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Application Day
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Road Test Results
Untreated Gravel-RAP
30 MinutesAfter Treatment
After 6 Weeks
Close up of the treated road surface
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Real Time Dust Meter
DUSTTRAK II AEROSOL MONITOR 8532
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Road Dust Measurement
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
September 8 Road Dust Data70 deg F, 30% Relative Humidity, PM 4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0:00:00 0:00:17 0:00:35 0:00:52 0:01:09 0:01:26 0:01:44 0:02:01 0:02:18
Soy Avg = 0.07 mg/m3Calcium Chloride Section Avg= 1.1 mg/m3
30 mph for 1 mile30 mph for 1 mile
Dus
t M
ass
mg
/m3
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
7/2
4/1
7
7/2
6/1
7
7/2
8/1
7
7/3
0/1
7
8/1
/17
8/3
/17
8/5
/17
8/7
/17
8/9
/17
8/1
1/1
7
8/1
3/1
7
8/1
5/1
7
8/1
7/1
7
8/1
9/1
7
8/2
1/1
7
8/2
3/1
7
8/2
5/1
7
8/2
7/1
7
8/2
9/1
7
8/3
1/1
7
9/2
/17
9/4
/17
9/6
/17
9/8
/17
9/1
0/1
7
9/1
2/1
7
9/1
4/1
7
9/1
6/1
7
9/1
8/1
7
9/2
0/1
7
9/2
2/1
7
9/2
4/1
7
9/2
6/1
7
9/2
8/1
7
0.04
0.80
0.60
1.91
0.06 0.05
0.04
0.07
0.12
AVERAGE ROAD DUSTmg/m3
Calcium Chloride Treated Section Soy Treated Section
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Crop Toxicity Testing
No toxicity compared to control No toxicity due to wind drift
Pre-emergent application Post-emergent application
Crops tested; Wheat, Oat, Canola, Lentil, Soybean, and Sunflower
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Preliminary Findings• Minimal road dust after 10 months
• Stabilizes the road base and retains fines
• Does not wash away in the rain
• Performs better than calcium chloride
• Doesn’t kill plants
• Winter carryover
• Rejuvenates reclaimed asphaltSoy Chloride
Silt
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Road Surface in March (10 Months)
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Current Research
North Dakota Soybean Council – Study RAP rejuvenation
• Test the properties of soy treated RAP in the lab
• Partnering with Dr Ying Huang, NDSU Civil Engineering
• Obtain data to allow for a field test in the future
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Current Research
United Soybean Board - Scale up the manufacturing and reduce costs
• Optimize the synthesis using low cost, raw materials
• Identify bulk material suppliers
• Scale up batch size to 5,000 gallons
• 1-2 year project
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Current Research*ND DoT Transportation Innovation Program – Road test to optimize application
• Perform a road test on gravel road (no RAP)
• Optimize the rate of application
• Measure performance against chloride
* TRIP project delayed 2 years until a qualifying section of road is available
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Conclusions
• Our soy-based product has shown great promise in early testing
• A market survey revealed a lot of interest from people in the industry
• More work needs to be done to optimize the manufacturing
• Additional field demonstrations are planned (locations TBD)
• Future field trial for treated RAP is desirable
• Cooperation from state and local DoT officials necessary for success
STUDENT FOCUSED • LAND GRANT • RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
Acknowledgements
Research ND
Cass County DoT
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