dr. v. valluvaparidasan director, open and distance learning tnau, coimbatore

Dr. V. Valluvaparidasan Dr. V. Valluvaparidasan Director, Open and Distance LearningDirector, Open and Distance Learning

TNAU, Coimbatore TNAU, Coimbatore

1. Title1. TitleRole and Deficiency symptoms of secondary Role and Deficiency symptoms of secondary nutrients in Banana nutrients in Banana

2. Date2. Date25.03.2011 25.03.2011

3. Objective3. ObjectiveTo learn about the deficiency symptoms and To learn about the deficiency symptoms and role of secondary nutrients viz., calcium, role of secondary nutrients viz., calcium, magnesium and sulpur in banana crop magnesium and sulpur in banana crop

4. Target Group4. Target GroupFarmers / Extension Workers / Educators / Farmers / Extension Workers / Educators / Students Students

5. Description5. Description RLO on Role and Deficiency symptoms of RLO on Role and Deficiency symptoms of secondary nutrients secondary nutrients

66. Duration . Duration 10 – 15 minutes 10 – 15 minutes

7. Co-Authors 7. Co-Authors P. SanthyP. Santhy

8. Abstract 8. Abstract There are three secondary nutrients that play a There are three secondary nutrients that play a crucial role in crop nutrition and yield. They are crucial role in crop nutrition and yield. They are calcium, magnesium and sulphur . This RLO calcium, magnesium and sulphur . This RLO describes about their role and visual symptoms that describes about their role and visual symptoms that could describe the deficiency of the particular could describe the deficiency of the particular nutrient. nutrient.

9. Keywords9. KeywordsProtein, Enzymes, Amino acidsProtein, Enzymes, Amino acids

10. Complexity 10. Complexity Complex Complex

11. Language 11. Language English English

Role and Deficiency Symptoms of Role and Deficiency Symptoms of Secondary Nutrients Secondary Nutrients

In Banana In Banana

Secondary Nutrients are.,Secondary Nutrients are.,

• Calcium Calcium

• MagnesiumMagnesium

• SulphurSulphur

Role of Role of CalciumCalcium • Soluble calcium fertilizer plays vital role Soluble calcium fertilizer plays vital role

in production of high-quality fruits crops.in production of high-quality fruits crops.

• Calcium Uptake can be enhanced by Calcium Uptake can be enhanced by applying of calcium in the soluble form applying of calcium in the soluble form (i.e., calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, (i.e., calcium nitrate or calcium chloride, either of which is immediately available either of which is immediately available for uptake). With many rapidly growing for uptake). With many rapidly growing crops.crops.

• Level of calcium is quite high in plant Level of calcium is quite high in plant tissues and it is involved in many useful tissues and it is involved in many useful functionsfunctions

• Enzymes responsible for dissolving the Enzymes responsible for dissolving the middle lamella include polyglacturonases middle lamella include polyglacturonases and pectolytic enzymes such as pectate and pectolytic enzymes such as pectate transeliminase.transeliminase.

• Fungal pathogenic infection is also Fungal pathogenic infection is also reduced with increased calcium uptake by reduced with increased calcium uptake by plants.plants.

• Calcium deficiency symptoms are Calcium deficiency symptoms are characterized by narrow bands of marginal characterized by narrow bands of marginal chlorosis of lower leaves which gradually chlorosis of lower leaves which gradually turn in to necrotic hollows covering the turn in to necrotic hollows covering the entire margin and the leaves becomes entire margin and the leaves becomes smallersmaller

• Dissolution of the cell wall occur resulting in Dissolution of the cell wall occur resulting in the accumulation of brown substance in the accumulation of brown substance in inter-cellular space and vascular tissues inter-cellular space and vascular tissues which will affect transport mechanism.which will affect transport mechanism.

Deficiency Deficiency ofof Calcium Calcium

• Root growth retarded, Root growth retarded,

short short thick thick crooked crooked stubbystubby

•Multiple buds appear Multiple buds appear

•Premature leaf fallPremature leaf fall

Role of MagnesiumRole of Magnesium

• Mg is the only mineral constituent of chlorophyll, Mg is the only mineral constituent of chlorophyll,

it is important in photosynthesisit is important in photosynthesis

• Regulates phosphate transportation in plants Regulates phosphate transportation in plants

• Aids in the accumulation of lecithin a phosphate Aids in the accumulation of lecithin a phosphate

containing fat.containing fat.

• Availability of P elevated by Mg.Availability of P elevated by Mg.

Deficiency of MgDeficiency of Mg

•Interveinal chlorosis extending towards the youngest leaves.

•Growth of the plant inhibited.

•Purple mottling of leaf petioles

•Malformation of leaves and sheaths

•Leaf yellowing, reduced growth and yield

•Leaf chlorosis, purple brown spots on the external part of the petiole and poor root development

•Fruits of Mg deficient plants do not ripen well and are tasteless.

•Upper branches are dwarfed and they begin

to die back.

Mg deficiencyMg deficiency

Role of SulphurRole of Sulphur

• Constituent of S containing amino-acids Constituent of S containing amino-acids vizviz., .,

cystinecystine cystinine cystinine methioninemethionine

• Involved in the synthesis of protein and Involved in the synthesis of protein and enzymes enzymes

• Functionally important in plant growthFunctionally important in plant growth

• Activates proteolitic enzymes Activates proteolitic enzymes viz.,viz.,

• Papain Papain

• BromelinBromelin

• Less mobile than NLess mobile than N

• Symptoms first appear on younger Symptoms first appear on younger leavesleaves

Deficiency of Deficiency of SulphurSulphur

• Plant growth rate Plant growth rate

reducedreduced

• Plants become Plants become

rigid and brittle rigid and brittle

• Stem remains thinStem remains thin

• Chlorotic symptoms first Chlorotic symptoms first appear on younger leaves appear on younger leaves which turn light green to light which turn light green to light yellow and inter-nodal length yellow and inter-nodal length is also shortened.is also shortened.

• It is difficult to distinguish It is difficult to distinguish sulphur deficiency from sulphur deficiency from nitrogen deficiency for which nitrogen deficiency for which leaf analysis is essentialleaf analysis is essential

Summary

• The significant role played by secondary nutrients is emphasized in this RLO. The deficiency symptoms caused due to their lesser availability has been represented both visually and with relevant text material

• By going through this RLO the learner can update his knowledge on the RLO of secondary nutrients in Banana crop viz., Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur

AssessmentChoose the correct answer

1. The absence of __________ causes interveinal chlorosis a). Calcium b). Magnesium

c). Sulphur

2. Fungal pathogenic infection is reduced by ____ uptake

a). Calcium b). Magnesium c). Sulphur

3. Immature ripening and tasteless fruits are formed due to ____ deficiency

a). Calcium b). Magnesium c). Sulphur

4. Premature leaf fall of banana is due to the deficiency of a). Calcium b). Magnesium

c). Sulphur 5. Malformed root formation is caused by

________ deficiency a). Calcium b). Magnesium

c). Sulphur