dr. tirone david: "criatividade em medicina"
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CREATIVITY
1. Genius theory
2. Stepwise, logical evolution of new ideas, products, operative procedures, etc…
Gregor Mendel 1822-1884
"Father of Genetics" Son of a farmer who became a catholic monk, conducted an experiment that involved growing thousands of pea plants, which led to the discovery of genes. His ideas were published in 1866 but went largely unrecognized until 1900.
Frederick Griffith 1881 - 1941
Virulent
Pneumococcus
Non-virulent
Pneumococcus
Heated virulent
Pneumococcus
Non-virulent +
heated virulent
Pneumococci
+
+
+
+
=
=
=
=
Death
Live
Live
DeathExperiments withPneumococcus in 1928
Oswald Avery 1877 - 1955
+
+
+
=
=
Death
Death
Experiments withPneumococcus in 1935
Non-virulent + heated virulentPneumococciNon-virulent +Virulent with destroyed lipids, ribonucleic acids, carbohydrates, and proteins
Non-virulent +Virulent withdestroyeddeoxyribonucleic acids
= Live
Erwin Chargaff 1905-2002
In 1950 he concluded that there must be as many types of DNA as there aredifferent species. The number of purinebases (adenine and guanine) was equalto the number of pyrimidine bases(cytosine and thymine). The number ofadenine bases was equal to the numberof thymine bases and the number ofguanine bases was equal the number ofcytosine bases.
Chargaff’s rule: A = T, and G = C
Linus Pauling 1901-1994
In May 1951, he described the structures of a number of proteins, including the structure of the single most important basic form of protein chain, the alpha helix (a hydrogen-bonded helical chain that is a structural component of most proteins).
James Francis Rosalind Maurice Watson Crick Franklin Wilkins 1928- 1916-2004 1920-58 1916-2004
Cavendish Laboratory Randall’s Laboratory Cambridge King’s College
Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine 1962
Francis Crick James Watson Maurice Wilkins 1/3 prize 1/3 prize 1/3 prize
Rosalind Franklin Died in 1958 at 37 years of age of ovarian cancer
Franklin’s x-rays diffraction of DNA
1866 - Mendel
1928 - Griffith
1935 - Avery
1950 - Chargaff
1951 - Pauling
1952 - Franklin
1953 – Watson & Crick
Domain is an area of our culture
Examples of domains: Medicine Heart valve surgery Mitral valve surgery
Field = gatekeepers of a domain
Without the assessment of competent outsiders there is no reliable way to decide whether the claims of a self-styled creative person are valid.
Endocardial patch for LV rupture
Reconstruction the mitral annulus
Reconstruction of the base of the heart
Reconstruction of the LV wall
Peer-reviewed publications
Left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement: endocardial repair with pericardial patch.David TE. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987 Jun;93(6):935-6
Reconstruction of the mitral anulus.David TE, Feindel CM. Circulation. 1987 Sep;76(3 Pt 2):III102-
Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: repair by endocardial patch with infarct exclusion.David TE, Dale L, Sun Z. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Nov;110(5):1315-22
.... Plus 28 other publications on this topic
LV function after MV repair is better than after MVR
Gore-Tex for replacement of chordae tendineae
Techniques of MV repair in Barlow’s valves
Mitral Valve Surgery
Christopher LanganBorn in San Francisco, 1952
“The smartest man in America" IQ = 195 - 210
He rose to prominence in 1999 while working as a bar bouncer in Long Island
The Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe
Gladwell:
“No one –not even rock stars,not professional athletes, notsoftware millionaires, and noteven geniuses – ever makesit alone”
Where do creative ideas come from?
Come from the past Come from previous knowledge and experiencesCreative works begin in continuity with the past
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