dna – rna – protein synthesis objectives: f1-identify the components of dna, describe how...

DNA – RNA – Protein SynthesisObjectives: F1-Identify the components of DNA, describe how information for specifying traits is carried in DNA, & recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms F2 - Explain the purpose & process of transcription & translation using models of DNA & RNA, describe the role of DNA & RNA during protein synthesis, & recognize that gene expression is a regulated process

A. Description - deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of repeating monomers of nucleotides

III. DNA Structure and Function

B. Structure1. Double stranded

2. Helix

- subunits of DNA; 3 parts

* PHOSPHATE group* SUGAR - deoxyribose

* nitrogen bases (1of4) Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C)

purines

pyrimidines

4. Complementary Base PairingA purine is always paired with a pyrimidine.A-T C-G

C. LocationRemains in the nucleus

D. Function -

DNA determines an organism’s traits by controlling the manufacturing of proteins.

The sequencing of nucleotides forms unique genetic information.

E. Involved with theses processes:1. Replication - Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA2. Transcription

A. Description – ribonucleic acid; similar to DNA(messenger RNA & transfer RNA)

III. RNA Structure and Function

B. Structure1. Single stranded

2. mRNA – straight line tRNA – t shaped

4. Base Pairing

A-T G-C U-A C-G

3. Made up of subunits called Nucleotides* phosphate group

* sugar - ribose* nitrogen base (1of4) - A - G - Uracil (U) - C

C. LocationmRNA – travels from the nucleus to ribosomes

tRNA – through sites on the ribosome

D. FunctionmRNA – carries the genetic information out of the nucleus for protein synthesis tRNA – decode the information by transferring the amino acid to the ribosome

E. Involved with theses processes:1. Transcription – mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus2. Translation – proteins are made from mRNA with the help of tRNA at ribosomes

Etymology

Transcription: trans- (L. across) + -scription (SCRIBERE, to write)Translation: : (L. TRANSLATUS carried across)

(polypeptide)

Peptide bond between the amino acids

DNA Base PairingTCG AAC TGGAGC TTG ACC

You try:CCA GAT TGA

GGT CTA ACT

DNA to RNA Base PairingDNA - TCG AAC TGGRNA - AGC UUG ACC

You try:DNA - CCA GAT TGARNA -

GGU CUA ACU