designin internet sytem
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Chapter 14
Designing Distributed andInternet Systems
Modern Systems Analysisand Design
Fourth Edition
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Learning Objectives
Define key client/server, LAN, distributeddatabase, and middleware terms.
Distinguish between file server andclient/server environments.
Describe alternative distributed systemdesigns.
Describe standards for Internet-based systemdesign.
Describe options for ensuring Internet design
consistency. Describe site management issues. Describe issues related to managing online
data.
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Deliverables and Outcome
• A document that consolidatessystem design information:
– Description of each site
– Description of data usage for each site
– Description of business process foreach site
– Contrasts of alternative ISarchitectures for site, data andprocessing needs of each site
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Designing Internet Systems
• Most new system development focuses onInternet-base applications (for internalprocessing, business-to-business, andbusiness-to-consumer)
• Main design issues: – Standards – Separating content from display – Future evolution
– Site consistency – Site management – Online data management
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Standards for InternetDesign
• Internet design is simpler thanclient/server due to proliferation ofstandards
• Types of Standards: – Domain naming (BIND): a method for
translating domain names into InternetProtocol (IP) addresses
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): acommunication protocol for exchanging
information on the Internet – Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): the
standard language for representing content onthe Web via command tags
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Separating Content fromDisplay
• HTML has limitations due to formatorientation of tags
• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
has been developed to separatecontent from display
• XML: an Internet authoring language
that allows designers to createcustomized tags that represent datatransmitted between applications
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Future Evolution
• Move from desktop PCs to thinclients
– Most processing and data storage
occurs on the server
• Use of wireless mobile devices
– Wireless Access Protocol (WAP): a
wireless version of HTTP – Wireless Markup Language (WML): a
wireless version of HTML
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Site Consistency
• Professionalism requires a consistentlook-and-feel across all pages of a Website
• Aids to consistency: – Cascading Style Sheets
• A set of style rules that tells a Web browser how topresent a document
– Extensible Style Language (XSL)• Specification for separating style from content whengenerating HTML documents
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Site Management Issues
• Customer Loyalty andTrustworthiness – Conveyed by
• Design quality
• Up-front disclosure
• Comprehensive, correct and currentcontent
• Connected to the rest of the Web
• Data security
• Personalization
• Customization
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Site Management Issues(cont.)
• Web Pages Must Live Forever – Customer Bookmarks
– Links from Other Sites
– Search Engine Referrals – Old Content Adds Value
• System Security vs. ease of use
– “Remember my password” – Use of cookies
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Online Data Management
• Context development – Method of understanding how a system fits
within the existing business activities and data
• Integration depth
– Measurement of how far a system penetratesinto the existing technology infrastructure
• Organizational breadth
– Measurement that tracks the core businessfunctions affected by a system
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Context, Breadth and Depth
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Online Transaction Processing(OLTP)
• Refers to immediate automatedresponses to the requests of users
• Designed to handle multipleconcurrent transactions
• Plays a large role in electroniccommerce applications
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Online Analytical Processing(OLAP)
• Refers to graphical software toolsthat provide complex analysis of datastored in a database.
• OLAP server is the chief component
• Good for time series and trendanalysis
• Enables user to “drill-down” into the
data
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Data Warehousing
• Collection of data for decision support
• Key features
– Subject-oriented: organized around key
subjects – Integrated: data are collected from many
operational systems and made to conform tostandards
– Time-variant: data contains a time dimension – Nonvolatile: data cannot be updated by users
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Steps in Building and Using a
Data Warehouse
• Extract data from various sourcesystem files and databases
• Transform, integrate, and load thedata
• Data warehouse is a read-onlyenvironment
• Users access via query languagesand analytical tools
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Data Warehouse Architectures
• Two-level – Data warehouse and decision support
environment
• Three-level
– Operational systems
– Enterprise data warehouse• Centralized, integrated data warehouse
• Control point and single source of all data made
available to end users – Data marts
• A data warehouse that is limited in scope basedupon aggregation and selection
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