design4food - vigc · 11/19/15 optimized inking for food packaging 29 c m y k l* a* b* Δcie2000...
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Design4Food Optimized inking for offset food packaging
Fons Put 18 november
Fons.put@vigc.be www.vigc.be @VIGCbe
Cardboard food packaging
§ Typical product: the breakfast cereal box
11/19/15 Optimized inking for food packaging 2
bron: PIRA Radtech Stuttgart
Production proces
§ Process colors � Illustrations
§ Spot colors � Branding
§ Laquer/varnish � Finishing & protection
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Critical side effects (1)
§ Set-off (scope) � Contact between printed side and reverse side in a
printed pile or roll � This contact can cause a transfer of ink & laquer to
the reverse (unprinted) side of the substrate � Clearly forbidden by European guidance!
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Critical side effects (2)
§ Migration – Permeation (out-of-scope) � Transfer of chemicals to the food-contact side
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StudybyRüdigerHelling(LuaDresden).FinancedbyGermanFederalMinistryofFood,AgricultureandConsumerProtecCon(BMELV)-Dec2009toMay2011
Irgacure127 155ppbIrgacure127PermeaConprocess
Photoini'ators-UV-printedcasing Photoini'ators-sausage
2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4-morpholino-butyrophenone
10ppb2-Benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-4-morpholino-butyrophenone
Set-off solutions in the market
§ Goal: obtain dry contact surfaces
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ExtendCmebeforecontact(pressdesign)
Acceleratedrying(hotair,infraredlight,…)
ArCficialinkdrying(UV-inks,LowEnergyUV)
ReducConofthecontactsurface(powder)
Balancedinkdrying(materials)
What can be done before printing?
§ Goal: minimize ink consumption � Color may not be affected!
§ Advantages � Lower risk for set-off � Less material (ink) = less migration (linear relation)
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Techniques for minimizing ink
§ Black ink function in CMYK printing � Root: Elecronic scanners – 1970 (UCR, GCR, ICR) � Now: unlimited variation possible through digital
imaging processing (ICC-profiles)
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i1Profiler(X-rite)
ICC-profiles for ink reduction
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Example1:browncolorL*35,a*29,b*0
34%C+80%M+56%Y+35%K 11%C+75%M+42%Y+51%K
ICC-profiles for ink reduction
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Example2:darkblackL*11,a*0,b*-1
88%C+78%M+65%Y+93%K 47%C+38%M+33%Y+100%K
Theoretical testing of popular profiles
§ Research of 80 CIElab dark colors
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Theoretical testing of popular profiles
§ Research of 80 dark color combinations � Color accuracy versus ink consumption
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ICC-profile maximum ink limit
color deviation (DE2000) % ink consumption difference
average maximum Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
ISOcoated_v2_eci 330% 0 0 reference reference reference reference
Coated Fogra 39 (Adobe) 330% 2 4 8% 9% 9% -10%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_320 320% 1 2 -15% -16% -20% 7%
ISOcoated_v2_300_eci 300% 0 1 -4% -4% -5% 2%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_300 300% 1 1 -17% -18% -22% 7%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_280 280% 1 1 -18% -18% -23% 8%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_260 260% 1 1 -20% -20% -26% 8%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_240 240% 1 2 -24% -24% -30% 9%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_230 230% 1 2 -27% -26% -34% 10%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_220 220% 1 3 -30% -29% -38% 10%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_210 210% 2 4 -35% -33% -43% 11%
Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_200 200% 2 6 -40% -37% -48% 12%
Theoretical testing of popular profiles
§ Research of 80 midtone CIElab colors
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Theoretical testing of popular profiles
§ Research of 80 midtone combinations
§ Conclusions (theoretical) � 220% maximum inklimit = threshold for accurate
reproduction of dark colors � Heavy black curve saves ink without color change � No benefit by using industry promoted profiles
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ICC-profle % ink consumption difference Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
ISOcoated_v2_eci referentie referentie referentie referentie ISOcoated_v2_300_eci -5% -5% -5% 7% Coated Fogra 39 (Adobe) 7% 9% 8% -17% Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_320 -19% -19% -19% 27% Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_260 -20% -20% -21% 28% Coated_Fogra39L_VIGC_220 -22% -21% -22% 30% F39_CMY_only 34% 39% 44% -100%
Print trials
§ Evaluation of maximum ink limit � 325% - 260% - 220%
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Print trials
§ Evaluation of maximum ink limit
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330%max.inklimit260%220%
Print trials
§ Evaluation of maximum ink limit � Effect of the use of 100% black
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Print trials
§ Evaluation of maximum ink limit � Does a higher ink coverage produces more set-off?
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!
Print trials
§ Evaluation of maximum ink limit
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400% ECI% 320%
300% 260% 220%
Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation � Identical colors
� without black ink, medium and maximum black
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Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation
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Noblackink(CMYonly)MaximumuseofblackinkMediumuseofblackink
Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation � deltaE2000<2 : strong visual resemblance � 2<deltaE2000<4: noticable color difference � deltaE2000>4: strong color difference
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Noblackink(CMYonly)MaximumuseofblackinkMediumuseofblackink
Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation: lacquer
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MaximumuseofblackinkMaximumuseofblackink+lacquer
Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation: lacquer
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CMYCMY+lacquer
Print trials
§ Evaluation of black in separation � Does the heavy use of black ink promotes stability in
printing? � Color variation in a print run
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Print trials
§ Evaluation of real-life design � Mathematical method
� Sampling of dominant design colors � Calculating 2 separations
� Original 325%, medium black � 220%, heavy black
� Color measurement & difference (dE2000)
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Print trials
§ Evaluation of real-life design � Mathematical method
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C M Y K L* a* b* ΔCIE2000 ΔL ΔC ΔH C M Y K ΔCIE2000 ΔL ΔC ΔH ΔCIE2000
1 10 70 52 2 56.0 41.8 19.8 3 2.5 -1.0 -1.5 1 68 48 10 3 3.0 -0.5 0.8 1
2 44 62 67 64 27.5 8.1 9.3 3 2.5 0.0 -2.2 23 51 57 74 3 3.0 0.7 1.6 1
3 35 85 64 57 26.1 23.1 8.6 2 2.6 -1.7 -0.8 13 78 51 68 2 2.8 -2.0 0.4 0
4 63 68 56 76 18.8 3.8 -0.1 3 3.5 -0.7 -1.2 37 48 35 88 3 3.2 -0.2 -1.4 1
5 59 77 64 86 14.6 5.2 2.0 3 3.5 0.2 -1.2 29 55 40 94 2 3.4 0.4 0.8 0
6 60 62 57 67 23.5 3.3 1.1 2 2.5 -0.4 -1.1 35 44 38 82 3 3.1 0.0 0.8 1
7 82 72 62 91 11.8 -0.6 -1.0 3 3.6 -0.8 -1.4 47 38 33 100 4 3.5 0.6 -3.0 2
8 69 80 61 89 12.6 3.5 0.0 3 4.0 0.0 -1.1 37 51 33 97 3 3.9 0.4 -1.9 1
9 35 80 63 45 31.3 24.9 10.1 4 3.9 -1.9 -1.9 12 74 51 60 3 3.6 -2.0 0.2 1
10 46 70 63 70 22.9 9.6 5.4 3 3.6 -0.3 -2.2 24 59 49 80 3 3.7 -0.3 1.0 1
11 53 60 60 63 27.1 4.8 4.2 1 1.2 0.4 -0.5 31 46 45 76 2 1.9 0.6 0.2 1
12 50 56 51 55 31.8 5.8 2.4 1 1.3 0.0 -0.5 31 45 38 68 1 1.1 0.0 0.1 1
separatie 1/2originele separatie: druk versus target separatie VIGC 220: druk versus targetKleurnr
Print trials
§ Evaluation of real-life design � Visual method
� Comparison in a light cabinet � 5 basis and 5 optimized samples
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Conclusions
§ Food packaging printing is a specialised printing proces � Choise of substrate (odour, recycling) � Choise of ink (low migration) � Food-safe printing (set-off) � Complexity of ink-drying
§ Protection against set-off by using an optimized color separation (ICC) � Choise of maximum ink limit: 220% is possible without
affecting colors � Choise of black generation in separation: maximum
black further lowers the ink consumption and increases color accuracy and stability
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