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DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM IN CROATIA
Zvonimir MajićAdvisor to the director/Director´s office
Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (EPEEF) of Croatia
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Overview
➢What is Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (EPEEF) of Croatia?
➢ Separate Collection of Packaging Waste
➢ Deposit System in Croatia
➢ Description
➢ Results
➢ Experiences
➢ Plans for the future
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
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What is Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (EPEEF) of Croatia?
• Founded by Republic of Croatia
• Act on the EPEEF (OG 107/03 and 144/12)ratified by Croatian Parliament in 2003.
• Started on January 1st 2004.
• Legal Entity with public authorities
• Extrabudgetary Fund
• Reports to Croatian Government
• Deposit Refund System Organisation in Croatia
• and central point for collecting and investing extra budgetary resources inthe programmes and projects of environmental and nature protection,energy efficiency and usage of renewable energy sources
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http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2003_07_107_1405.htmlhttp://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2012_12_144_3082.html
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Bins on Public surface/doorstep
Recycling Yard
Retailer
Containers in Deposit SystemOther Packaging Waste
Hausehold Packaging WasteLegal Entities Packaging Waste
Collector of Packaginig Waste Sorting and Bailing Plant
Sorted and Baled waste material
Recycling Companies
Separate Collection of Packaging Waste
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia•
• Description
• Obligatory for all one-way alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages contained in PET, Alimunium, Iron and Glass botlles and cans
• Includes all volumes above 0.2 liter
• Deposit Fee • 0,50 HRK (approx. 0.06 EUR)• Regardless of volume • Regardless of packaging material
• Exemptions• Milk beverages (milk, yogurt,acidophilus, etc…)
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia
• Labelling
• Logo and GTIN Code
• Take back • Automatically (reverse vending machines) or manually• Every retailer where beverages packaged in aluminium, iron, PET or glass are sold to end
consumers• Exception: Small retailers (less than 200 m2) are not
required to take back packaging from consumers
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• Deposit System Fees in Croatia
• + Deposit fee (paid by producer per unit sold)
• + Waste Management Fee (paid by producer per tonne and per unit)
• + Sale of waste material (paid by recycling company)
• - Handling fees (paid to retailers)
• - Reimbursement of deposit amount (paid by EPEEF to retail)
• - Collector’s fee (paid by EPEEF to collector)
• - Depot fee (paid by EPEEF for counting, bailing and reporting)
Deposit Refund System in Croatia
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia
✓ Deposit systems very quickly achieve an average recycling rate of > 80%
1. Consumer purchases beverages
Pays price + deposit amount
2. Consumer drinks their beverages
Pays deposit + waste management fees per ton
Producer / Importer
Depot
3. Consumer returns empty containers to a retail location and receives the deposit back
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Collector’s fee
RC pays for waste material
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Return empty beverge containers via Reverse
Vending Machine (RVM)
Take-back through RVM’s
1. Container shape recognition
2. Container barcode recognition
3. Container material recognition
Material compaction to increase logistics efficiency
Return data from RVM directly transferred to system operator by RVM suppliers
Compacted material is baled prior to
transport to material recyclers
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2
3
Collector
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Compaction ratio for cans:
6.5 : 1
Compaction ratio for PET:
3 : 1
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DEPOT
Data reporting to IS / bailing material
Reimbursement of deposit to retailer is based on bin tickets read in Depos, which follows the bins
with packaging waste
Recycling company (RC)
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Return empty beverge
containers via bag
Manual take-back
Un-compacted material
pick-up by collector
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3
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PE
T t
ip1 16
10
00
00
100101
DEPO
Sorting, counting and bailing of waste material
(Reporting to IS EPEEF)
Compacted material is transported
to a material recycling company
Recycling company (RC)
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia
• Our deposit network consist of:
• ̴3000 points of return sites (contracted shops)
• ̴ 29 contracted collectors
• 21 contracted depos
• 5 recycling companies
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
COLLECTION RATE 2006-2018
2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016. 2017. 2018.
93% 116% 118% 104% 104% 90% 87% 91% 90% 83% 86% 83% 88%
93%
116% 118%
104% 104%
90%87%
91% 90%83%
86% 83%88%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
17.944 17.180 16.479
21.123
14.748 15.972 16.616 15.636 15.263 14.799
16.275
14.155 15.012 15.495
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5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
PET IN DEPOSIT SYSTEM (TONNE) 2012. – 2018.
PET put on market PET collected
Deposit Refund System in Croatia
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
1.243 1.175 1.167
1.800
2.166
2.963 3.097
1.068 1.082 1.202
1.594
1.866
2.138
2.596
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500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
AL/FE IN DEPOSIT SYSTEM (TONNE) 2012. – 2018.
AL/FE put on market AL/FE collected
Deposit Refund System in Croatia
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
31.289 30.117 29.769
34.493 36.181
39.682 39.645
28.951 27.691 26.901 29.624 29.850
31.65934.380
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
GLASS IN DEPOSIT SYSTEM (TONNE) 2012. – 2018.
GLASS put on market GLASS collected
Deposit Refund System in Croatia
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
50.476 48.472 47.414
57.417 53.095
58.617 59.359
45.654 44.036 42.902 47.492 45.871
48.809 52.471
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10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
ALL MATERIALS IN DEPOSIT SYSTEM (TONNE) 2012. – 2018.
ALL MATERIALS put on market ALL MATERIALS collected
Deposit Refund System in Croatia
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www.fzoeu.hr | kontakt@fzoeu.hr
YEAR TYPE OF MATERIAL PUT ON MARKET (UNITS) COLLECTED (UNITS) DIFFERENCE (UNITS) TOTAL (%)
2006
PET 482.117.747 586.759.894 -104.642.147 -22%GLASS 182.402.093 288.723.631 -106.321.538 -58%AL/FE 69.338.815 99.857.155 -30.518.340 -44%TOTAL IN UNITS: 733.858.655 975.340.680 -241.482.025 -33%
2007
PET 500.677.769 742.505.630 -241.831.033 -48%GLASS 156.966.888 276.237.296 -119.270.408 -76%AL/FE 70.637.988 113.929.157 -43.291.169 -61%TOTAL IN UNITS: 728.279.473 1.132.672.083 -404.392.610 -56%
2008
PET 500.926.852 541.801.642 -40.874.790 -8%GLASS 140.801.627 247.947.310 -107.170.683 -76%AL/FE 69.380.357 74.015.161 -4.634.804 -7%TOTAL IN UNITS: 711.083.836 863.764.113 -152.680.277 -22%
2009
PET 473.021.464 499.454.822 -26.433.358 -6%GLASS 114.414.069 139.583.642 -25.211.323 -22%AL/FE 71.220.405 78.882.983 -7.662.578 -11%TOTAL IN UNITS: 658.614.188 717.921.447 -59.307.259 -9%
2010
PET 449.076.934 433.000.206 16.076.728 4%GLASS 107.288.573 106.913.824 374.749 0%AL/FE 66.337.676 61.609.129 4.728.547 7%TOTAL IN UNITS: 622.703.183 601.523.159 21.180.024 3%
2011
PET 462.932.225 414.323.463 48.608.762 11%GLASS 100.747.928 94.994.165 5.750.669 6%AL/FE 78.642.307 66.359.338 12.282.969 16%TOTAL IN UNITS: 642.319.366 575.676.966 66.642.400 10%
2012
PET 475.521.647 413.876.081 61.645.566 13%GLASS 87.974.055 84.888.684 3.033.363 3%AL/FE 77.042.998 65.676.399 11.366.599 15%TOTAL IN UNITS: 640.486.692 564.441.164 76.045.528 12%
2013
PET 455.670.426 383.823.600 71.450.448 16%GLASS 86.810.637 74.262.550 10.365.017 12%AL/FE 73.155.556 64.094.500 8.748.288 12%TOTAL IN UNITS: 612.744.403 522.180.650 90.563.753 15%
2014
PET 441.950.939 392.649.950 27.017.019 6%GLASS 89.260.540 74.424.640 9.834.442 12%AL/FE 87.533.247 75.421.500 -2.810.431 -4%TOTAL IN UNITS: 576.667.826 534.786.659 36.860.124 6%
2015
PET 454.393.617 418.441.277 35.952.340 8%GLASS 100.177.705 83.259.986 16.917.719 17%AL/FE 110.904.624 96.731.419 14.173.205 13%TOTAL IN UNITS: 665.475.946 598.432.682 67.043.264 10%
2016
PET 421.647.138 365.118.445 56.528.693 13%GLASS 102.035.207 85.924.263 16.110.944 16%AL/FE 128.879.327 111.272.659 17.606.668 14%TOTAL IN UNITS: 652.561.672 562.315.367 90.246.305 14%
2017
PET 463.034.363 391.511.107 71.523.256 15%GLASS 114.522.493 94.222.357 20.300.136 18%AL/FE 150.833.726 128.927.872 21.905.854 15%TOTAL IN UNITS: 728.390.582 614.661.336 113.729.246 16%
2018
PET 488.702.775 406.791.496 81.911.279 17%GLASS 118.867.048 104.834.276 14.032.772 12%AL/FE 183.998.094 154.625.552 29.372.542 16%TOTAL IN UNITS: 791.567.917 666.251.324 125.316.593 16%
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia
• Experiences• POSITIVE
• High collection rates of returning packaging waste
• Excellent preservation of the economic and material value of collected waste
• Products with high added value made from packaging waste collected through the deposit system
• Less packaging waste on landfills in nature and in sea
• NEGATIVE
• Initial lack of control and no deposit systems in neighbouring countriesresulted in a financial deficit in the early years of the Croatian depositsystem
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Deposit Refund System in Croatia
• PLANS FOR FUTURE• Include Milk beverages (milk, yogurt,acidophilus, etc…)
• Include 0.2 liter volumes
• Continue with system automation byexpanding the RVM network
• Optimize system automation via counting machines in depots (GTIN code recognition)
• Optimize RVM automation by compacting all three packaging materials
• Continue with improvements in tracking shipments
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Thank you for your attention!zvonimir.majic@fzoeu.hr
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