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Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security

NATO Science Series

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Series 2. Environment Security - Vol. 80

Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security edited by

Andrea G. Fabbri International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, ITe, Enschede, The Netherlands

GaborGaal Geological Survey of Finland, Helsinki, Finland

and

Richard B. McCammon U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, U.S.A.

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security Matrahaza, Hungary 6-19 September 1998

A C.I.P Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

AdditioDal material to this book caD be dmmloaded from http://extras.spriDger.com.

ISBN 978-1-4020-0990-7 ISBN 978-94-010-0303-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0303-2

Printed an acid-free paper

AII Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2002 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

CONTENTS

PREFACE ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Xlii

PART 1. GEOENVIRONMENTAL DEPOSIT MODELS

Geoenvironmental models: An Introduction 3 R.B. Wanty, B.R. Berger, G.S. Plumlee and T.VV King

PART 2. GIS/RS METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

Applications of remotely sensed data in geoenvironmental assessments 45 G. Lee, D. Knepper Jr., A. Maccafferty, S. Miller, T. Sole, G. Swayze and K. Watson

Photo ecometrics for natural resource monitoring 65 P. Gong

Multiple data layer modeling and analysis in assessments 81 G.K. Lee

A strategy for sustainable development of nonrenewable resources using spatial prediction models 101

c.F. Chung, A.G. Fabbri and K.H. Chi

PART 3. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT

Mineral-deposit models: New Developments B.R. Berger and LJ. Drew

Geologic information for aggregate resource planning WHo Langer, D.A. Lindsey and D.H. Knepper Jr.

Environmental impacts of mining natural aggregate WHo Langer and B.F. Arbogast

Application of the porphyry copper/polymetallic vein kin-deposit system to mineral-resource assessment in the Matra Mountains, northern Hungary

LJ. Drew and B.R. Berger

121

135

151

171

Vi

The assessment and analysis of financial, technical and environmental risk in mineral resource exploitation 187

P.A Dowd

PART 4. RESOURCE POLICIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A hierarchical model of collaborative resource management 215 D.1. Shields

Environmental and resource planning: methodologies to support the decision making process 243

E. Beinat

Implementation of environmental systems in compliance with ISO 1400 I standard in the context of SMEs in northwestern Italy 269

S. Olivero

Asset life-cycle in the mining industry: How to improve economic and environmental decision-making by applying ICT 277

I.L. Ritsema

Industrial ecology and bioremediation: theoretical framework and technological tools for sustainable development 291

E. Feoli

PART 5. CASE STUDIES

Land use change and vulnerability as a result of coal mining activities: applica-tion of spatial data analysis in the Upper Silesian Region of the Czech republic 305

AG. Fabbri, T. Woldai, I.S. Babiker, M.G. Kitutu-Kimono and V. Homola

The impact of mining on the environment: a case study from the Tharsis-Lagunazo mining area, Province Huelva, SW Spain 345

T. Woldai and A.G. Fabbri

Environmental impact of mine liquidation on groundwater and surface water 365 N. Rapantova and A. Grmela

Protection of groundwater resources quality and quantity in mining areas 385 A Grmela and N. Rapantova

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PART 6. OTHER CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

Irresistible Holes in the ground: Tekst of afterdinner speech given at Matrahaza, Hungary, on September 10, 1998 401

L.J. Drew

Environmental security and radioactive contamination 405 K.A. Karimov and R.D. Gainutdinova

A PC-based information system for the management and modelling of subsurface coal fires in mining areas (COALMAN) 409

z. Vekerdy

Integrated modelling of acid mine drainage impact on a wetland stream using landscape geochemistry, GIS technology and statistical methods 425

A. Szucs, G. Jordan and U. Qvarfort

Assessment of mining induced environmental degradation using satellite data and predictive models 449

D. Limpitlav

Environmental impact of exploration of pyrite and stibnite in the Male Karpaty Mountains, Slovakia 461

S. Trikova

Partitioning of heavy metals in sequential extraction fractions in soils develo-ped over the historical "Sv. Jakob" silver mine, Mount Medvednica, Croatia 471

M. Covic, G. Dum, N. Tadej and S. Miko

PART 7. WORKING GROUP REPORTS

Report of Working Group I: Geoenvironmental Models 485 D. Limpitlaw and R.B. Wanty

Report of Working Group II: GIS/RS Methods and Techniques: A Spatial Data Laboratory Network 501

Z. Vekerdy and c.F. Chung

Report of Working Group III: Natural Resource Assessments and Recource 507 Management

B.R. Berger and A. Botequilha

Report of Working Group IV: Resource East-West Relationships 511 G. Gaal and S. Solar

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Report of Working Group V: Natural Aggregate Resources - Environmental Issues and Resource Management

WH. Langer and S. Solar 525

PREFACE

This volume contains the edited papers prepared by lecturers and participants of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Deposit and Geoenvironmental Deposit Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security" held in Matrahaza, Hungary, September 6-19, 1998.

The NATO ASI provided an unique opportunity for intemationally­recognized researchers from the disciplines of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, remote sensing, economics, biology, mining engineering, resource analysis, mathematics, and statistics to present recent results in geoenvironmental modeling as it relates to resource exploitation and environmental security. There were 84 participants from 32 countries represented. The participants were selected in the general area of geoenvironmental sciences based on their interests and qualifications.

The presentations centred around 4 major themes; namely, geoenvironmental models, GIS methods and techniques, assessment and resource management, and resource policies and sustainable development. Under each theme, the major topics were first introduced; these were followed by specific applications for which the lecturers had expert knowledge. Rounding out the presentations were round-table discussions that involved lecturers and participants on each of the topics under discussion. To facilitate greater interaction among the participants, the participants were divided into Working Groups organized around the 4 major themes. Each Working Group was responsible for preparing a report that was presented at the end of the AS!.

Geological processes affect the Earth and human society. Solutions to geological problems, whether they are natural or man-made, call for a high degree of global cooperation. This NATO ASI has fostered the dissemination of new approaches to current problems of environmental assessments, promoted greater interaction among those involved in addressing these problems globally, and has resulted in a publication that can be used to educate others who are involved in this important area of research.

The subject of this volume has required the introduction of many colour maps, images and diagrams. While in the text these have been printed in black and white, a CD is included inside the back cover that contains the "pdf' files of all the colour illustrations.

Andrea G. Fabbri Gabor GallI Richard B. McCammon

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Scientific Affairs Division of NATO is gratefully acknowledged for having sponsored this Advanced Study Institute. Additional support was provided by the International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (lTC), Enschede, The Netherlands, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Reston VA, U.S.A., The Geological Survey of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, and the Hungarian Geological Survey, Geological Institute of Hungary (MAFI), Budapest, Hungary. Special thanks go to Janet S. Sachs, USGS, for her help in editing many of the manuscripts prepared by the authors of the papers presented and by the editors of the different Theresa van den Boogaard, Huria Almalih and Job Duim of ITC have provided valuable assistance in indexing the contributions and in retyping and graphic editing of some of the manuscripts.Working Group Reports.

The following Institutions also provided financial support:

UNESCO/DMP, Deposit Modelling Program lUGS, International Union of Geological Sciences IAMG, International Association for Mathematical Geology

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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Ilghiz AITMA TOV National Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics and Mechanics of Rocks 98 Mederov str. Bishkek, 720000 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC e-mail: rjench@geol.freenet.bishkek.su

EuroBEINAT Institute of Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit de Boelelaan 1115 Amsterdam, 1081 HV THE NETHERLANDS e-mail: euro.beinat@ivm.vu.nl

Byron R. BERGER U. S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046 Denver, Colorado 80225 U.S.A. e-mail: bberger@usgs.gov

Andre BOTEQUILHA LEITAO Centro de Valorizacao de Recursos Minerais, Instituto Superior Tecnico -Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa A v. Rovisco Pais Lisboa Codex, 1096 PORTUGAL e-mail: andre.b.leitao@alfa.ist.utl.pt

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Djamila AITMA TOV A Executive Committee Inter-State Council for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan 36 Erkindik Prospect Bishkek, 720000 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC e-mail: john@infotel.kg

Julius BELICKAS Information Department Geological Survey of Lithuania Konarskio 35 Vilnius, 2600 LITHUANIA e-mail: julius.belickas@lgt.lt

Johann BODECHTEL University of Munich AGF - IAAG Luisenstr. 37 Munich, 80333 GERMANY e-mail: joh.bod@iaag.geo.uni­muenchen.de

Fatbardha CARA Institute of Geological Research Blloku "Vasil Shanto" Tirana, ALBANIA e-mail: ispgj@ingeol.tirana.al

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Liisa CARLSON Pietarinkatu 10, B 16 Helsinki, 00140 FINLAND

Tariro P. CHARAKUP A Environment and Remote Sensing Institute ERSI -SIRDC Box 6640 Harare, ZIMBABWE e-mail: ersizim@harare.iafrica.com

Bernardas CORNELIS SURFACES -Geomatique - Institut de Geographie Universite de Liege 7 Place du 20-aout Liege, 4000 BELGIUM e-mail: cornelis@geo.ulg.ac.be

Gyorgy CSIRIK Geological Institute of Hungary Stefania 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: csirik@mafi-2.mafi.hu

Lawrence J. DREW National Center 954 U. S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192 U.S.A. e-mail: ldrew@usgs.gov

Emmanuel John M. CARRANZA Dep. of Mineral Exploration ITC Kanaalweg 3 Delft EB, 2626 THE NETHERLANDS e-mail : carranza@itcdelft.itc.nl

Chang-Jo F. CHUNG Spatial Data Analysis Laboratory Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, KIA OE8 CANADA e-mail: cchung@gsc.NRCan.gc .ca

MartaCOVIC Faculty for Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering University of Zagreb Pierottieva 6 Zagreb, 10 000 CROATIA e-mail: gdurn@rudar.rgn.hr

Peter Alan DOWD Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering University of Leeds Leeds, LS2 9JT U.K. e-mail: p.a.dowd@ieeds.ac.uk

Meral ERAL Institute of Nuclear Sciences Ege University Bornova-Izmir, 35100 TURKEY e-mail: eral@egeuniv.ege.edu.tr

Andrea G. FABBRI Division of Geological Survey ITC Hengelosestraat 99 Enschede, 7500 AA THE NETHERLANDS e-mail: fabbri@itc.nl

Janos FOLDESSY Enargit Kft. PF. 16 Recsk, 3245 HUNGARY e-mail : 100324.1272@compuserve.com

Nora GAL Geological Institute of Hungary Stefania 14 Budapest, 1142 HUNGARY e-mail: nora@mgsz.hu

GaborGAAL Geological Survey of Finland Betonimiehenkuja 14 Espoo, 02150 FINLAND e-mail: gabor.gaal@gsf.fi

Marek GRANICZNY Polish Geological Institute Rakowieczka 4 Warsaw, 00-975 POLAND e-mail: mgra@pgi.waw.pl

Enrico FEOLI Department of Biology University of Trieste Via Valerio 32 Trieste, 34100 ITALY e-mail: feoli@ics .trieste.it

Razia D. GAINUTDINOV A Institute of physics NAS 265-A Chui Prosp. Bishkek, 720071 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC e-mail: eco@kyrnet.kg

Vyda-Elena GASIUNIENE Geological Survey of Lithuania Konarskio 35 Vilnius, 2600 LITHUANIA e-mail : Vyda.Gasiuniene@lgt.it

PengGONG

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Center for Assessment & Monitoring of Forest & Env. Res. University of California 151 Hilgard Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-3110 U.S.A e-mail: gong@nature.berkeley.edu

Halil HALLACI Institute of Geological Research Blloku "Vasil Shanto" Tirana, ALBANIA e-mail: ispgj@ingeol.tirana.al

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JakupHOXHA Institute of Geological Research Blloku "Vasil Shanto" Tirana, ALBANIA e-mail: ispgj@ingeol.tirana.al

Gyozo JORDAN Geological Institute of Hungary Stefania 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: jordan@mgsz.hu

Roma KANOPIENE Geological Survey of Lithuania Konarskio 35 Vilnius, 2600 LITHUANIA e-mail: roma.kanopiene@lgt.lt

Kazimir A. KARIMOV Institute of physics NAS 265-A Chui Prosp. Bishkek, 720071 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC e-mail: eco@kyrnet.kg

Laszl6 KORPAs Geological Institute of Hungary Stefania 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: korpasl@mafi .hu

Hulya INANER Department of Geology Dokuz Eyltil University Bornova-Izmir, 35100 TURKEY e-mail: inaner@izmir.eng.deu.edu.tr

Kestutis KADUNAS Hydrogeological Department Geological Survey of Lithuania 35 Konarskio Vilnius, 2600 LITHUANIA e-mail: Kestutis.Kadunas@lgt.lt

Peter KARDEV AN Geological Institute of Hungary Stefania 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: Kardevan@euroweb.hu

Jacek R. KASINSKI Polish Geological Institute Rakowieczka 4 Warsaw, 00-975 POLAND e-mail: jkas@pgi.waw.pl

Denes KovAcs ITC P.O. Box 6 Enschede, 7500 AA THE NETHERLANDS

William H. LANGER U. S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046, MS 973 Denver, Colorado 80225 U.S.A. e-mail: blanger@usgs.gov

Daniel LIMPITLA W Department of Mining Engineering Witwatersrand University P. Bag 3, P.O. Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 SOUTH AFRICA e-mail: limpitIaw@egoli.min.wits.ac.za

OIeg MAKARYNSKY Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical University P. K. 28 Erdemli - Icel, 33731 TURKEY e-mail: oleg@soli.ims.metu .edu.tr

Richard B. MCCAMMON Eastern Minerals Team U. S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, V A 20192 U.S.A. e-mail: mccammon@rgborafsa.er. us gs .gov

Charlie J. MOON Geology Department Leicester University Leicester, LEI 7RH U. K. e-mail: cjm@leicester.ac.uk

Gregory K. LEE U. S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046, MS 964 Denver, Colorado 80225 U.S.A. e-mail: glee@usgs.gov

Arpad Ferenc LORBERER Szentendrei tit 19. Budapest, 1035 HUNGARY e-mail: loare@iris .geobio.elte.hu

Karol MARSINA

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Geological Survey of Slovak Republic Mlynska dol. Bratislava, 817 04 SLOVAKIA e-mail: marsina@gssr.sk

Rumen Parvanov MIRONOV Department of Radiocommunication Technical University of Sofia Sofia, 1756 BULGARIA e-mail: rpm@vmei .acad.bg

Laszl66DOR Geological Institute of Hungary, Hungarian Geological Survey Stefania 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail : odorl@mafi .hu

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Sergio OLIVERO Via Marco Polo 19 bis Torino. 10129 ITALY e-mail: soliver@tin.it

Jyrkki PARKKINEN Geological Survey of Finland Betonimiehenk. 4 Espoo. 021250 FINLAND e-mail: Jyrki.Parkkinen@gsffi

Petri PELTONEN Geological Survey of Finland Betonimiehenk. 4 Espoo. 021250 FINLAND e-mail : petri.peItonen @gsffi

Sankaran RAJENDRAN School of Earth Sciences Bharathidasan University Palkalai Perur Tiruchirapalli. Tamilnadu 620 024 INDIA e-mail: earth@info.bdu.ernet.in

Ivars OZOLINS Geological Survey of Latvia 5 Eksporta lela Riga. 1010 LATVIA e-mail: ozolins@vgd.gov.lv

Antonio PATERA Via Bongiorno 48148 Roma. 00155 ITALY e-mail: pater@gea.geo.uniromal.it

Nyls PONCE SEOANE Institute of Geology and Paleontology Via Blanca y Carretera Central. San Miguel del Padr6n Cjudad Habana. 11000 CUBA e-mail: cuba@matias.onat.gov.cu

Petr RAMBOUSEK Czech Geological Survey Klarov 3 Prague I. 11821 CZECH REPUBLIC e-mail: ramby@cgu.cz

Nadia RAPANTOVA The University of Mining and Metallurgy, VSB Trida 17, Listopadu Ostrava-Poruba, 708 33 CZECH REPUBLIC e-mail: vladimir.homola@vsb.cz

Juan REMONDO CITIMAC - University of Cantabria A v. de los Castros sin Santander, 39005 SPAIN e-mail: remondoj@ccaix3.unican.es

Ipo L. RITSEMA Department of Geo-Information Systems Netherlands Inst. of Applied Geosci. TNO, National Geological Survey Schoemakerstraat 97 Delft, 2600 JA THE NETHERLANDS e-mail: i.ritsema@nitg.tno.nl

Deborah J. SHIELDS Rocky Mountain Research Station U. S. D. A. Forest Service 3825 E. Mulberry St. Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 U.S.A. e-mail: dshields@lamar.colostate.edu

Nikolay Metodiev SIRAKOV Instituto Superior Tecnico de Lisboa (CVRM - 1ST) Av. Rovisco Pais Lisbon, 1096 PORTUGAL e-mail:

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Luis RECATALA BOIX Centro Investigaciones Sobre Desertification - CIDE (CSIV, UV, GV) C/Cami de la Marjal, sin, Apartado Oficial, Albal, Valencia 46470 SPAIN e-mail: luis.recatala@uv.es

Costas RIPIS IGME Messoghion 57 Athens, 11527 GREECE e-mail: dkigme@compulink.gr

Vardan SARGSYAN Dep. of Computers and Programming Yerevan State Institute of National Economy 128 Nalbandyan str. Yerevan, 375025 ARMENIA e-mail : vardan@ysine.am

Irina SHTANGEEVA Institute of Earth Crust St. Petersburg University Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 St. Petersburg, 199034 RUSSIA e-mail: Irina@ivs.usr.pu.ru

Slavko V. SOLAR Institute for Geology, Geotechnics and Geophysics Dimiceva 14 Ljubljana, 1000 SLOVENIA e-mail: svsolar@i-ggg.si

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Delia Teresa SPONZA Environmental Engineering Department Dokuz Eyliil University BUCA, Izmir, TURKEY e-mail: dsponza@izmir.eng.deu.edu.tr

Janos SZANYI Hungarian Geological Survey Sohordo u. 20 Szeged, 6721 HUNGARY e-mail: szanyi@iif.u-szeged.hu

Andrea SZUCS Geological Institute of Hungary Stefiinia 14 Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: szucsa@mafi.hu

Isabel Maria T A V ARES GRANADO Centro de Valorizacao de Recursos Minerais, Instituto Superior Tecnico de Lisboa (CVRM - 1ST) A venida Rovisco Pais Lisboa Codex, 1096 PORTUGAL e-mail: igranado@alfa.ist.utl.pt

Turgay TOREN General Directorate of Turkish Coal Enterprises, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkish Republic Eryaman 4. Etap, 17689 Ada, 11. Blok, No. 10, Eryaman - Ankara, TURKEY e-mail: ttoren@superonline.com

Bernhard STRIBRNY Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Stilleweg 2 Hannover, 30655 GERMANY e-mail: Bernhard.Stribrny@bgr.de

Geza SZEBENYI Recski ErcMnyiik Rt. Ercbanyatelep, P. O. Box II Recsk, 3245 HUNGARY

Istvan SZUCS Geotechnique and Environmental Protection Ltd., GEOPARD Research, Development and Services Co. POB 10, Pecs, 7610 HUNGARY e-mail: geopard@mail.matav.hu

Geza M. TIMCAK Technical University Pk. Komeskeho 19, Kosice, SK 043 84 SLOVAKIA e-mail: gmtkg@tuke.sk

Stanislava TRTIKOV A Dep. of Mineralogy and Petrology Comenius University Mlynska Dolina G. Bratislava, 842 25 SLOVAKIA e-mail: trtikova@fns.uniba.sk

Ida TOROK Miskolc University Miskolc-Egyetemviros HUNGARY

OlegUDOVIK Environmental & Resources Research Institute, National Security & Defense of Ukraine 13 Chokolivskiy Blvd. Kiev, 252180 UKRAINE e-mail: udovik@topaz.kiev.ua

Laszl6 VERTESY ELGI Kolumbusz u. 17-23. Budapest, 1143 HUNGARY e-mail: legi@elgi.hu

Tsehaie WOLDAI ITC P.O.Box 6 Enschede, 7500 AA THE NETHERLANDS e-mail : woldai@itc.nl

Hasan UCPIRTI Department of Civil Engineering Sakarya University Sakarya, TURKEY e-mail: ucipirti@esentepe.sau.edu.tr

Zoltan VEKERDY ITC P.O. Box 6 Enschede, 7500 AA THE NETHERLANDS e-mail: vekerdy@itc.nl

Richard B. W ANTY U. S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046, MS 973 Denver, CO 80225 U.S.A. e-mail: rwanty@usgs.gov

Mehmet Ali YUKSELEN Dep. of Environmental Engineering Marmara University Goztepe Istanbul, 81040 TURKEY e-mail: yukselen@marun.edu.tr

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