dennis garrity: evergreen agriculture #beatingfamine
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Creating an EverGreen Agriculture in Africa
Recent advances & Future opportunities
Dennis GarrityDistinguished Board Research Fellow
World Agroforestry CentreDrylands Ambassador, UN Convention to Combat Desertification
U
Faidherbia albida is commonly found in cereal crop systems in Ethiopia
December 2011: Ethiopian Prime Minister announces national programme to establish 100 million
Faidherbia trees in farmers’ fields
Ngitili: Community-Based Regeneration of agroforestrynow cover about 500,000 ha in 934 villages
Kenya
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Mozambique
Uganda
Rwanda
Malawi
#
900 0 900 Kilometers
N
Major Farming Systems
1. Irrigation
2. Tree crop
3. Forest based
4. Rice-tree crop
5. Highland perennial
6. Highland temperate mixed
7. Root crops
8. Cereal-root crops mixed
9. Maize mixed
11. Agro-pastoral millet/sorghum
12. Pastoral
13. Sparse (arid)
14. Coastal artisanal fishing
Major Lakes
National Boundaries
Major rivers
Regional ProgrammeCountries
10. Large commercial and smallholder
Major farming systems in Subsaharan Africa
Kenyan Farmlands: Bold policy to achieve >10% tree cover on farms through a
National Agroforestry Programme
Types of Agroforestry1. Agroforests: combinations of perennial
species on arable land2. Home gardens with perennials3. Woodlots or farm forests4. Trees on field and farm boundaries5. Sylvopastoral systems: Trees in pastures6. EverGreen Agriculture: Trees
intercropped with field crops7. Productive landscape systems
What is EverGreen Agriculture?
A form of more intensive farming that integrates trees with annual crops.
EverGreen farming systems are often ‘double- story’ systems that feature both perennial and annual species (food crops and trees).
Types of EverGreen Agriculture
1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) on cropland
2. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT)
3. Conventional agriculture interplanted with trees
National recommendations for maize in Malawi & Zambia: Faidherbia Fertilizer Trees at 100 trees per ha
Central Zambia 2009 Trials
Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia
Maize yield - zero fertiliser
2008 2009 2010 ----- Tons/ha -------
With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6
Without Faidherbia 1.3 2.6 2.6________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Number of trials 15 40 40
Small-scale Conservation Farming with Faidherbia in Zambia
Typical onfarm nursery of 125 air-pruned seedlings
DroughtDroughtFlood
P addition resumed
Long-term maize yield without fertilizer in a Gliricidia system
P stopped
Malawi National Agroforestry Food Security Programme
Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield under farmer management
_______________________________________
Plot management Yield (t/ha)
Maize only 1.30
Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05 ____________________________________________________________
2011 Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo and Machinga)
Classes of Trees in EverGreen Agriculture
• Trees providing direct cash or nutritional benefits
For example:
Timber - Grevillea,
Oil – Shea
Fruits – Uapaca
• Trees providing indirect benefits
For example:
Fertilizer trees – Faidherbia, Gliricidia
Fodder trees -- Caliandra
16 Countries are engaged in EverGreen Agriculture
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
Conservation Agriculture with trees
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration +
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland
EverGreen Agriculture: Opportunities1. Policy, Technical, and Scaling-up Support to
Countries and Communities of Nations that are implementing or launching evergreen agriculture scaling-up programmes
2. Support mainstreaming of evergreen agriculture into the community of UN Organizations and Development Banks, building support for greater impact
UNCCD, IFAD, World Bank, GEF, FAO, UNEP
World Food Program
Indian Evergreen Agriculture Programmebeing launched by the Prime Minister and
Prof M S Swaminathan
Evergreen Agriculture: Opportunities
3. Support mainstreaming of evergreen agriculture into regional and subregional organizations
NEPAD/CAADP/Africa UnionASARECA and CORAF/WECARDCOMESA and ECOWASHorn of Africa Drylands Programme
EverGreen Agriculture: Opportunities4. Help build partnerships with International
NGOs and strengthen their technical capacity to achieve CRP impacts
World VisionOxFamCAREConcern Worldwide
5. Support scientific communities and exchanges to help build research partnerships to tackle key issues and overcome barriers to scaling-up
Take home messages• A fresh low-cost approach to land
regeneration and food security has taken root in Africa, and is spreading across the continent.
• Millions of smallholders are adopting effective low cost land regeneration methods
• Poor households should be targeted over large areas to end hunger in Africa
• Many nations are implementing or launching national scaling-up programmes
• An EverGreen Agriculture Network could accelerate the process of widespread adoption
For More Information
World Agroforestry Centre www.worldagroforestry.org
Evergreen Agriculture page www.evergreenagriculture.net
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