demography. what is demography? the study of human population birth rate death rate immigration ...

Demography

What is Demography?

• The study of human population

Birth rateDeath rate ImmigrationEmigrationPopulation growth rateNatural increaseDependency loadmigration

On an average day in Canada there are….

1050 births per day

690 deaths per day

769 immigrants per day

135 emigrants per day

So that means…..

…. on an average day there will be 836 more people in Canada at the end of the day than there was at the beginning of it

Birth Rate

Birth Rate

• Number of births in a country per 1000 people.

Calculated by dividing the number of births in one year by the population and then multiplying the result by 1000.

• BR = (# of births/population)*1000

Example

Births = 390,000

Population = 30,000,000

BR = (390,000/30,000,000)*1000

= 13 births per 1000 people

Death Rate

Death Rate

• Number of deaths in a country per 1000 people.

Calculated by dividing the number of deaths in one year by the population and then multiplying the result by 1000.

• Death Rate = (# of deaths/population)*1000

Example

Deaths = 120,000

Population = 30,000,000

DR = (120,000/30,000,000)*1000

= 4 deaths per 1000 people

Natural Increase Rate

Natural Increase Rate

• Calculated using the birth and death rate. It is the most important reason why a country’s population changes, either increases or decreases.

• Natural Increase Rate = (BR – DR)*100(expressed as a percent)

Example

BR = 13 per 1000 people

DR = 4 per 1000 people

Natural Increase Rate = (13/1000-4/1000)*100

• = 0.9%

Complete Natural Increase Rate section of the Demographics worksheetExample

PlaceTotal

PopulationBirths Per

YearBirths Per

1000 People

Deaths Per Year

Deaths Per 1000

People

Natural Increase

RateFormula TOT BPY BIRTHS=

(BPY/TOT)x1000DPY DEATHS=

(DPY/TOT)x1000(Birth/ 1000 people – Death/ 1000) X 100=

EXAMPLE 10,000,000 500,000 50 400,000 40 1%

Canada 30,800,000 390,000 13 209,875 7 6%

Country with a

growing population

4,500,000 75,000 16 50,000 11 5%

Country with a

disappearing

population

5,000,000 78,000 15 80,000 16 -1%

Migration

Migration

• the movement of people from one place to another

Types of Migration

• Immigration- occurs when people arrive in a new place.

• Emigration-occurs when people leave a place.

Net Migration

• difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided per 1,000 inhabitants

Complete the Net Migration section on the Demographics Worksheet

Example Place Total Population Immigrants Per Year

Immigrants Per 1000 People

Emigrants Per Year

Emigrants Per 1000 People

Net Migration Rate

Formula TOT IPY IMMIGRANTS= (IPY/TOT)*1000

EPY EMIGRANTS=(EPY/TOT)*1000

IMMIGRANTS- EMIGRANTS

Canada 30,000,000 222,650 7.4 49,275 1.6 5.8

Country with war

100,000,000

1,500 0.015 250,000 2.5 -2.485

Country with a

growing economy

45,000,000 350,000 7.7 24,000 .5 7.2

Population Growth Rate

Population Growth Rate

• amount that the population of a place is either increasing or decreasing over time.

Population Growth Rate

• So for a country’s total growth rate we look at both Natural Increase and Net Migration.

• Growth Rate=

(Natural Increase Rate + Net Migration Rate)

Example

Natural Increase Rate = 0.9%

Net Migration Rate = 0.5%

Growth Rate = 0.9% + 0.5%

= 1.4%

• Whether a country’s population is growing or declining has an enormous influence on the lives of the people.

 • If a country’s population is growing you must consider

issues with providing enough housing, education, healthcare, employment, etc.

• If a country’s population is declining there may be a shortage of workers and consumers to meet the needs of the country’s businesses.

Doubling Time

Doubling Time

• This tells us how long it will take for a country's current population to double. It is determined by dividing 70 by a country’s Growth Rate.

Example

Population Growth Rate: 1.4%

Doubling Time = 70 / 1.4

= 50 years

Other things to look at

Total Fertility Rate

Is the average number of children a woman is likely to have during her childbearing years. For a population to replace itself at a stable level this rate is 2.1

Dependency Ratio

• The dependency ratio tells you how many economically inactive people (0-15 and 65+) are dependent upon the economically active population (16 to 64).

• The equation above calculates a figure that shows the number of economically inactive people that are reliant on 100 economically active people.

Example

A result such as 81.8 would mean that for every 100 economically active people there are 81.8 economically inactive people.