debs 2014 tutorial on the internet of everything
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Tutorial in DEBS’14Speaker: Opher Etzionco-authors: Sarit Arcushin and Fabiana Fournier
None of the authorized drivers location is near the car’s location
theft is concluded
Use a built-in car stopper to slow the intruder and dispatch the security company
A person enters a car and the car starts moving;
the person does not look like one of the authorized drivers
Such applicationsbecome possible
since everything isconnected
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OUTLINE
What stands behind the buzzwords?
The ubiquitous nature of the Internet of Everything
A futuristic view of the Internet of Everything
What do we need to do in order to make the Internet of Everything really happen?
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PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
COMMAND
Topic 1
What stands behind the buzzards:
Internet of Things
Internet of Everything
and where does event processing get into the picture?
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PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
COMMAND
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The term “Internet of Things” was coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 .
His observation was that all the data on the Internet has been created by a human .
His vision was: “we need to empower computers with their own means of gathering information, so they can see, hear, and smell the world by
themselves .”
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The term “Internet of Everything” was coined by Cisco
It is an extension : M2M, M2P, P2P connecting persons and machines .
Example: WAZE is based on human sensors
We’ll use this term as a generalization of IoT
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The world of sensors
1 Acoustic, sound, vibration2 Automotive, transportation3 Chemical4 Electric current, electric potential, magnetic, radio5 Environment, weather, moisture, humidity6 Flow, fluid velocity7 Ionizing radiation, subatomic particles8 Navigation instruments9 Position, angle, displacement, distance, speed, acceleration10 Optical, light, imaging, photon11 Pressure12 Force, density, level13 Thermal, heat, temperature14 Proximity, presence
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The value of sensors
Kevin Ashton: “track and count everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss, and cost. We could know when things needs replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their best”
The value is in the ability to know and react in a timely manner to situations that are detected by sensors
“There is no Internet of Things yet”
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Sarah Rotman EppsOct 17, 2013
The Forrester report entitled “There is no Internet of Things Yet” asserts that while much of the sensor technology exists, each sensor lives in isolation, while multi sensor system is difficult to construct
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Differences between the traditional Internet to the Internet of Everything
Topic Traditional Internet Internet of Everything
Who creates content? Human Machine
How is the content consumed?
By request By pushing information and triggering actions
How content is combined?
Using explicitly defined links
Through explicitly defined operators
What is the value? Answer questions Action and timely knowledge
What was done so far? Both content creation (HTML…) and content consumption (search engines)
Mainly content creation
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“How does Event Processing get into the picture?”
While the weakest link is now considered the data integration issue – looking beyond that we can find event processing
Combining data from multi-sensors to get observations, alerts, and actions in real-time gets us to the issue of detecting patterns in event streams
However much of the IoT world has not realized it yet…
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A major difference between traditional Internet and the IoE – usability
The success of the Internet is attributed to its relative simplicity: to connect to create content to search
Imagine that any search in the Internet would have been done using SQL queries… How pervasive do you think the Internet would have been?
For situational awareness….Languages are actually more complex than SQL
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// Large cash deposit
insert into LargeCashDeposit
select * from Cash deposit where amount > 100,000
// Frequent (At least three) large cash deposits
create context AccountID partition by accountId on Cash deposit;
Context AccountID
Insert into FrequentLargeCashDeposits select count(*) from LargeCashDeposit having count(*)>3;
// Frequent cash deposits followed by transfer abroad
Context AccountID
insert into SuspiciousAccount select * from pattern [
every f=FrequentCashDeposit -> t=TransferAbroad where timer.within(10 days)]
TOPIC II:
The ubiquitous nature of the Internet of Everything
Examples from different areas
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PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
COMMAND
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The Internet of Everything is applicable to virtually anything…
In this presentation we discuss applications in:
Aiding the elderly, healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, environment and sustainability, retail, industrial applications,, home automation, and examples of applications for the ordinary person
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The Internet of Everything for the elderly
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Safety sensors
Motion sensor
Door sensor
ChairSensor
Voice Sensor
Alert family member
Alerts example:Door was not locked within 2 minutes after entranceFalling event detectedVocal distress detectedNo motion for certain time period detected
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Medical sensors for the elderly
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Behavioral analysis
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The Internet of Everything in healthcare
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E-Health sensors
Personalized alerts based on collection of monitors
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Pre-mature babies monitoring
Personalized alerts based on collection of monitors: when nurse should be alerted, when physician should be alerted.
There are many false alerts that are ignored, Missing or ignored alert is sometimes fatal
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Track everything in a hospital
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Track the progress of a surgery relative to the plan
Detect significant deviation from plan that requires rescheduling and trigger real-time rescheduling of surgeries, assignments, and equipments.
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The Internet of Everything in agriculture
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Smart greenhouse :
Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the production of fruits and vegetables and their quality.
The ultimate goal is to maintain an optimal water and nutrient status for different stages of crop growth, with as little human intervention as possible.
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Control of humidity and temperature levels in alfalfa, hay, straw, etc. to prevent fungus and other microbial contaminants.
Insect detection and real-time combat.
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Hydroponic system control
Control the exact conditions of plants grown in water to get the highest efficiency crops..
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Animal control
Monitoring the location and identification of animals grazing in open pastures or location in big stables
Monitoring health issues and preventing the spread of epidemics
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The Internet of Everything in smart cities and smart government
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Supporting emergency control
Events report and decision support for: EarthquakesFloodingFires Terrorist attack
33 Adaptive traffic light control
Reactive and proactive traffic control. Based both on time oriented trends and on real-time observation
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Smart parking
Locate and reserve parking in urban environment
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Smart Waste management
Sensors that determine the right time to collect waste based on the container’s condition and enable to dynamically schedule the waste collection schedule
36Adaptive city lighting
Control the timing and level of lighting based on light sensors and street density
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The Internet of Everything in environment and sustainability systems
38Air pollution detector and control
Detect air quality issues
Take actions: Restrict traffic, notify certain plant to temporarily reduce production…
39Smart water
Track water leakage and adjust pressure
Monitor water quality along the water chain: rivers, pools, pipes, tubes
40Forest fire monitoring
Monitoring of combustion gases and preemptive fire conditions to define alert zones
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Earthquake early detection
Detect early signs. Detect progress based on sensors and human reports, determine actions (close roads, stop trains, evacuate people)
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The Internet of Everything in retail and logistics
43Intelligent shopping cart
Sense all goods in the cart for automated billing, alerts on expiration of products, location-based advices based on sales and customer’s past purchases.
44Smart shelf
Monitoring of removal of items from shelf for re-stocking, promotion in case of weak sales, detect item misplacement and theft prevention
45 Monitoring along the cold chain
Monitoring of vibrations, strokes, container openings or cooling equipment malfunction for timely repair preventing goods’ damage
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Trace everything over the supply chain
Monitoring over thee supply chain: locate, detect and mitigate delays, manage pedigree…
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The Internet of Everything in the traditional industries
48Equipment monitoring
Multiple sensors that detect fault indications to support proactive actions in finding the right action and time for repair action
49Chemical plants safety
Monitoring people movement and compliance with safety regulations, leak of chemical materials…
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The Internet of Everything in home automation
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Adaptive energy consumption at home
Homes that both produce and consume energy – meters of production and consumption. Optimization of energy consumption cost by actuators that set the use of household appliances.
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Sensor-based home safety system
Various home safety and security systems
53 Adaptive use of home appliances
Activating appliances based on expected time arrival: washer, water heating, air conditions.
Maintenance and fault communication by appliances directly to service provider
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Summary: There are various solutions in various areas.
We are still in relatively early days of sporadic efforts --- still wait for the huge game!
TOPIC 3
A futuristic view of the Internet of Everything following Ray Kurzweil’s predictions:
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PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
COMMAND
56Driverless car
Sensors that replace the human driver’s sensing, and actuators that drive the car.
2017
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Automated personal assistant
Sensors that determine the context serves as active advisors. They understand your context and even listen to your conversations and give you suggestions of what to say (e.g. through google glass).
2018
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Computing implants inside the human body
Sensors and actuators that fight any disease, operate in the level of cell, and reprogram the body to stop the aging process.
2020
2040
Short term: switch off our fat cells
Longer term: stay young forever
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May 14, 2014
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The report : Digital Life in 2025 – positive aspects
1. Information sharing over the Internet will be so effortlessly interwoven into daily life that it will become invisible, flowing like electricity, often through machine intermediaries
2. The spread of the Internet will enhance global connectivity that fosters more planetary relationships and less ignorance.
3. The Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data will make people more aware of their world and their own behavior.
4. Augmented reality and wearable devices will be implemented to monitor and give quick feedback on daily life, especially tied to personal health.
5. Political awareness and action will be facilitated and more peaceful change and public uprisings like the Arab Spring will emerge.
6. The spread of the ‘Ubernet’ will diminish the meaning of borders, and new ‘nations’ of those with shared interests may emerge and exist beyond the capacity of current nation-states to control
7. The Internet will become ‘the Internets’ as access, systems, and principles are renegotiated
8. An Internet-enabled revolution in education will spread more opportunities, with less money spent on real estate and teachers.
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The report : Digital Life in 2025 – negative aspects
1. Dangerous divides between haves and have-nots may expand, resulting in resentment and possible violence.
2. Abuses and abusers will ‘evolve and scale.’ Human nature isn’t changing; there’s laziness, bullying, stalking, stupidity, pornography, dirty tricks, crime, and those who practice them have new capacity to make life miserable for others
3. Pressured by these changes, governments and corporations will try to assert power—and at times succeed—as they invoke security and cultural norms.
4. People will continue—sometimes grudgingly—to make tradeoffs
5. favoring convenience and perceived immediate gains over privacy; and privacy will be something only the upscale will enjoy.
6. Humans and their current organizations may not respond quickly enough to challenges presented by complex networks.
7. Most people are not yet noticing the profound changes today’s communications networks are already bringing about; these networks will be even more disruptive in the future.
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The report : Digital Life in 2025 – summary
Foresight and accurate predictions can make a difference; ‘The best way to predict the future is to invent it.’
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Summary: The Internet of Everything participates in many of the predictions about the future, including Kurzweil’s singularity.
The responsibility is upon us to create this future…
TOPIC 4
What do we need to do in order to make the Internet of Everything really happen?
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PAST
PRESENT
FUTURE
COMMAND
RECALL: “There is no Internet of Things yet”
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Sarah Rotman EppsOct 17, 2014
In this part of the tutorial we discuss how to mitigate the obstacles in the way of the Internet of Things
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Internet of things – what’s holding us back
Chris Murphy, InformationWeek, May 5, 2014
1.The data is not good enough 2.Networks aren't ubiquitous3.Integration is tougher than analysis4.More sensor innovation needed5.Status quo security doesn't cut it
We’ll concentrate on these topics – with special emphasis on the democratization of use
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Data is not good enough…
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State-of-the-art systems assume that data satisfies the “closed world assumption”, being complete and precise as a result of a cleansing process before the data is utilized.
Processing data is deterministic
In real applications events may be uncertain or have imprecise content for various reasons (missing data, inaccurate/noisy input; e.g. data from sensors or social media)
Often, in real time applications cleansing the data is not feasible due to time constraints
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Where does the uncertainty come from?
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How uncertainty can be handled?
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Example of uncertainty handling
Example: Summing the number of suspicious observations in two locations
location1.num-observations + location2.num-observations
Deterministic case: 12 + 6 = 18
Stochastic case: + =
12 13115 64 7
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Example of uncertainty handling (cont).
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Security considerations of IoE
Murder by the Internet
“With so many devices being Internet connected, it makes murdering people remotely relatively simple, at least from a technical perspective. That’s horrifying,” said IID president and CTO Rod Rasmussen. “Killings can be carried out with a significantly lower chance of getting caught, much less convicted, and if human history shows us anything, if you can find a new way to kill, it will be eventually be used.”
EXAMPLES: Turn off pacemakers, Shutdown car systems while driving, stop IV drip from functioning
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Privacy considerations of IoE The traditional Internet and social networks are already compromising privacy in the virtual world
The Internet of Everything increases the challenge since it can track the physical world
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Democratization of use in Internet of Everything
Challenges:
Integration of sensors and actuators Personalization of situation detection Pervasive use
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Standardization Standards were crucial to the success of the traditional web
The “Joint Coordinated Activities on IoT” published in February 2014 standards roadmap:http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/iot/Pages/default.aspxWith aspects on architecture, format, identification, sensor network management and more…
AT&T, Cisco, GE, IBM and Intel form Industrial Internet Consortium for IoT standards in March 2014
http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/att-cisco-ge-ibm-and-intel-form-industrial-internet-consortium-iot-standard/2014-03-28#ixzz32F6UB1KE
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Personalization of situation detection
Eliminating noise from the model Current models are close to the implementation models – and from pure logic view contain “noise”.
Bringing data from current state
Query EnrichmentInclusion in
events
Examples:Determine what food-type the container carries Fetch the temperature regulations for a specific food type
Other noise : workarounds
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For simplification we need to clean the noise
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The Event Model Research project developed by IBM Haifa Research Lab and Knowledge Partners International that dealt with simplification of event processing using model driven engineering approach
The Event Model design goals
Short video can be found in:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zjy8wngy5Y&feature=youtu.be
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The Event Model – design diagram
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The Event Model – programming by table
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The Institute of Technological Empowerment is a societal-academic initiative aimed to empower populations in the Israeli periphery and developing countries using advanced technologies The institute’s activity is
based on: multi-disciplinary research, implementation of projects in the field, and education program – both academic and popular
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Israel is known as high-tech stateHowever, in Israel there are gaps in technology use over geographies and populations
The combination of the abilities in Israel, the short distances within Israel, and the Israeli cooperative mentality makes Israel an ideal lab for technological empowerment in developing countries
Yezreel Valley College is the right place due to its location and mission
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Research excellence center
Technology oriented research – smart sensor-based systems. Collaboration with leading researchers around the globe
Human oriented research – accessibility of technology use and customization to larger populations – cognitive, anthropological and sociological
Research in the target areas: healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing…
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Major tool: senior project of students in YVC, other Israeli academic programs, and developing countries (including mixed teams).
Based on infrastructure of hardware and software that will be contributed by technology partners
The projects will be synergetic with the research activities
Each project will generate a prototype that will be tested in the field. The aspiration is to productize each project by start-ups, technology partners, or the institute’s staff.
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Developing undergraduate and graduate curriculum that will combine technology, human related studies and domain knowledge
Aiding developing countries to employ such programs
Educating the community through specialized programs
Second chance programs to convert academics in various fields
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My main motivation is to use the experience and knowledge I have accumulated over the years to make a better world
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