david coleman: challenging traditional models, roles and responsibilities in evolving spatial data...
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Challenging Traditional Models, Roles and Responsibilities in
Evolving Spatial Data Infrastructures
Dr. David J. Coleman, PresidentGlobal Spatial Data Infrastructure Association
http://www.gsdi.org
Joint International Conference onGeospatial Theory, Processing Modeling and
ApplicationsToronto, 6 October 2014
Key Subjects of Presentation
Roots and Canada’s role in public-sector SDI Development
SDI Initiatives at the Global Level
Indoor SDI – The Future is Now…
Lessons learned and challenges for the future
SDI: Looking Back 30 Years
Spatial Data Infrastructurefrom http://www.gsdi.org
Critical mass of processes, policies,
standards, enabling technologies,
mechanisms and key datasets
required to make geospatial data readily
available to the growing community of end-
users.
Evolution of the “Driving Visions” of SDI
1960s and 1970s: Vision of creating jurisdiction-wide large, centralized LIS and GIS “Data Banks” based on a common spatial referencing framework
1980’s: Shift from large central databases to decentralized networks of systems
SDI in the early 1990s: Recognizing and addressing technological, operational and institutional aspects of geospatial data collection, management, discovery and dissemination in a coordinated manner.
SDI’s today: Supporting location-based services in the mass market and spatially enabled workflows in government & industry.
1st-Generation Spatial Data Infrastructure Programs
Concept developed in late 1970’s and refined through 1980s and early 1990s
Evolved from earlier systematic surveying & mapping programs
Emphasis on data discovery & distribution
Began in earnest in the US circa 1992
Followed quickly by Canada, Australia, the EEC, the UK and many others
SDI: Early Principles
Data collected once and used many times
Seamless databases across boundaries
Recognition of both Basic Framework Data and Value Added Data
Equitable sharing of SDI Costs, Services & Responsibilities
(in some countries) Creation of value-added products & services in support of industry development
From CGII Vision Report, Geoplan Consultants, Nov. 1996
Non-Government “SDI”
Commercial suppliers of online geospatial data and services (e.g., Google, DigitalGlobe, Bing, Nokia/Navteq, Esri and many others)
Open source suppliers like OpenStreetMap
NGOs providing crowdsourced detail and updates in response to (e.g.,) Disaster Response and Citizen Science
A Changing Marketplace Today…
Corporate consolidation and reorientation of government programs
Commoditization and “mass customization” of location-based services
Challenges to traditional geomatics approaches and suppliers around the world
Evolving expectations of users re: capability, performance, transparency, simplicity and reliability
“Big Data” demands changing our views of how we manage, process, analyze and visualize data.
SDIs – The New Generation
New Waves of geospatial data creation – both active and passive
Increased operational use of geospatial data: sensor networks and geospatially-enabled workflows
Increased strategic use of geospatial data by large public & private organizations to detect patterns and predict behaviour
Widespread and growing expectations of high accuracy, currency of information and rapid response times
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(from Pomfret /UNGGIM, 2014)
• Tremendous potential for geospatial community, but…
• Number of legal concerns- In-air collisions- Personal injuries- Privacy
• Number of countries re-examining laws & policies
• Impact could be much broader implications than simply UAVs.
Image courtesy of LandScope Engineering
Volunteered Geographic Information
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1433169/2/GRDRR%20report%20final%20for%20web.pdf
Global SDI Initiatives
International Standards: The glue holding SDIs together
Global Initiative headquartered in China
Influenced by 1986 Vision of a “Digital Earth” proposed by VP Al Gore and modified since.
International Executive Committee
Eight major “Digital Earth” international symposia held since 1999
The GSDI Association
Advancing a Spatially-Enabled World
Our Vision: A world where everyone can readily discover, access and apply geographic information to improve their daily lives.
The GSDI Association
Advancing a Spatially-Enabled World
Our Vision: A world where everyone can readily discover, access and apply geographic information to improve their daily lives.
Wiki Version.PDF versions now
available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Polish
and Albanian
GSDI Small Grants Program
GSDI Small Grants Program to support training & software (http://www.gsdi.org/sic1)
Cooperating with URISA GIS Corps to provide services to some countries
Cooperating with International Center for Land Policy Studies and Training Seminar on GIS &Land Management (Chinese Taipei)
Great causes looking for more assistance!
GSDI Conferences: Sharing Lessons Learned
Indoor SDI and LBS
Image courtesy S. Anthony, Extremetech (2012)
Indoor Mapping
Indoor Positioning
Technology Option
Example Supplier
Wi-Fi Triangulation Ekahau, WiFiSlam
Radio Beacons Blinksight, Insited
LED Lights Bytelight
Magnetism Maps IndoorAtlas, Indoo.rs
Sensor Tracking Aisle411, Everyfit, Pointinside
(Source: Technology Review)
Google Cartographer Backpack System for Indoor Mapping:
Creating floor plans of multi-storey buildings “in just a few hours” (Google, 2014)
Indoor Content linked to Value Added Services
The Indoor LBS Market Framework updated from Lacroix (2013)
SDI Lessons Learned and Key Accomplishments
Evolving SDIs
Traditional Public Sector SDI (1990s)
“Mass Customized” and Indoor SDI
(Today)
“Private Sector” SDI (2000s)
Similar Evolution Patterns as Traditional SDI, BUT•Accelerating Technology Development•Built atop in-place standards•Increasingly sophisticated user community already possessing the necessary technology for other reasons•Based on market-based values & principles•Much less emphasis on governance & consensus•Reliance on Users to provide data “infills” and updates.
“Authoritative” SDI Programs 1995-2014: Looking Back…
Public infrastructure indeed laid the framework for private sector initiatives, but…
Mapping Emphasis and Library/Bookstore Metaphor limited the vision
Emphasis on widespread, mass-market use of government mapping files has not taken hold.
Mixed successes in government-government and government-industry partnerships
Except in a few examples, did not predict the ultimate influence of integrated, real-time location-based services
SDI Programs 1995-2014: Key Accomplishments
Allowed public comparison
of different approaches to on-
line discovery & downloads
Provided basis of defensible forecasting of customer
demand for government data
Supported Important Standards and Interoperability Efforts
Raised levels of user
expectations
Changed the workflows, efficiency and turnaround of government tasks & services
Provided private companies with
more consistent & comprehensive
information on which to base their own services.
Important Sharing of Lessons Learned
SDI: Revisiting Early Principles
Data: “Collect once, Use many times” – Still necessary in an age of cheap and transparent location determination?
Governance: Need for new models needed to enable more rapid response to evolving user demands.
Financing: Consumers demand “free data”, but willing to pay for services in several different ways…
Public and Private SDIs: Where are they separate? Where are they necessary? Where do they overlap?
SDI: Examples of New Research Directions
Accommodating and extending the use of “unconventional” data collection platforms
Integrating output from indoor sensors with customer service, security, business intelligence and point of sale systems to support operational and strategic services
Foreground and Background (or conscious and unconscious) use of SDIs
Nature and resolution of governance & institutional Issues in private SDIs (especially indoor SDIs)
For further informationFor further information
http://www.gsdi.orghttp://www.gsdi.org
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