damental physics

damental PhysicsDr. Michael CookeDr. David Schmitz

Fermilab

Newton’s Laws of Motion

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1. Objects in motion want to stay in motion and objects at rest want to stay at rest

2. Forces change motion:Force = mass × acceleration

3. Forces come in equal and opposite pairs

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Inertia∝mass

Gravity is a Fundamental Force!Gravity changes the way things move, so it

must cause a forceHelp us explore the force of gravity!doesn’t move

moves slowly

moves faster

moves fastest

G

G

G

G

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Gravity ∝mass

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Inertia∝mass

Physics works EVERYWHERE

All moving objects have energy!We call it kinetic energy

Energy takes many forms, and can be stored as potential energy

Energy can transform between types!

Energy

MomentumAll moving objects have momentum!

Momentum = mass × velocity (or )

Momentum has a directionMomentum can transfer between

objects!

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ConservationIn a closed system, the

total energy and the totalmomentum are conserved!

Help us think about:Energy transformationMomentum transferEnergy & momentum

conservation

Laws of Spin?

Physics in the Olympics!

Spin and Angular MomentumA spinning bike wheel likes to stay vertical

It has a lot of angular momentumTrying to tip it makes it twist instead!If you twist it, it twists you back!

ChargeWhat is charge?

How do they act?

“Stuck” charges are called static electricityWhere have YOU seen charge?

Help us explore charge!

Particle Physics 101Our particle beam starts

with ionized hydrogen (H–) being moved by a huge amount of static electricity!

ElectricityElectricity is moving charge!Can you help us make electricity?

Where is the energy to make the electricity coming from?

MagnetismWhat is a magnet and how does it act?

Let’s test out some magnets!

Magnets & Moving ChargesHow do we control the particles in our

accelerator?The same way you do with YOUR accelerator

at home!

Our Magnets Make a Circle…

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Electricity & Magnetism?Moving magnets can make electricity…Moving charges can make a magnet…What if they both happen together?

Maxwell, Einstein and Beyond!

Imagine a changing electric field that induces a changing magnetic field that induces a changing …Yes, this can and DOES happen and we call it

light!The funny thing is, light always travels at

299,792,458 meters per second…Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity

explains what happens in a world where everyone always sees light moving at the same speed

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E=MC2! Energy Conservation! Momentum Conservation!

Making Something NewWhy “High Energy” physics?

Energy can be transformed, but it also must be conserved

E=mc2 lets us make new forms of matter, but only up to the limit of our beam energy!

Detecting ParticlesWe use energy and momentum

conservation to figure out what happened inside our detectorsSome particles (neutrinos!) can’t be seen in

our detectors…but we can still tell they were there! MINERnA

The FUNdamentals!Newton’s Laws of MotionEnergyMomentumThe Laws of SpinChargeElectricityMagnetismE=mc2

Particle Physics!

Thanks for coming to the Fermilab Open House!If you have any questions about any of our FUNdamental topics, ask away!We will also be available to answer questions between sessions!

Dr. Michael Cooke <mpc@fnal.gov> Dr. David Schmitz <dschmitz@fnal.gov>Fermilab