d emonstrative a djectives and p ronouns when you point out specific things, you use demonstrative...

En Español I 6-2Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

Ordinal NumbersEstar + Prepositions of Location

Superlatives

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

When you point out specific things, you use demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.

A demonstrative adjective describes the location of a noun in relation to a person.

Demonstrative pronouns are used in place of demonstrative adjectives and are the same forms except with an accent.

Demonstrative Adjectives

este cerdo/esta mesa

This pig/ this table

estos cerdos/ estas mesas

These pigs/ These tables

ese cerdo/esa mesa

That pig/ that table

esos cerdos/ esas mesas

Those pigs/ those tables

aquel cerdo/ aquella mesa

That pig (over there)/ That table (over there)

aquellos cerdos/ aquellas mesas

Those pigs (over there)/ Those tables (over there)

Demonstrative Pronouns

éste /ésta

This one (m,f)

éstos / éstas

These ones (m,f)

ése /ésa

That one (m,f)

ésos / ésas

Those ones (m,f)

aquél / aquélla

That one (over there) (m,f)

aquéllos / aquéllas

Those ones (over there) (m,f)

EXAMPLES OF DEMONSTRATIVES Este libro es muy largo. This book is very long. Aquellos perros son muy ruidosos. Those dogs (over there) are very noisy. Quiero ésa. I want that one (apple).

There are also demonstrative pronouns that refer to ideas or unidentified things that don’t have a specific gender.

Esto es importante. ¿Qué es eso? ¿Qué es aquello?

Ordinal NumbersWhen you talk about the order of items, use

ordinal numbers. These are the first ten ordinal numbers.

Primero(a) – FirstSegundo(a) – SecondTercero(a) – ThirdCuarto(a) – FourthQuinto(a) – FifthSexto(a) – SixthSéptimo(a) – SeventhOctavo(a) – EighthNoveno(a) – NinthDécimo(a) – Tenth

Ordinal Numbers (cont.)Ordinal numbers agree in number and

gender with the noun they describe. They are also placed before the noun.

Ex. segunda manzana, cuarto carroPrimero and Tercero drop the –o in

front of a masculine singular noun.Ex. primer año, tercer libroTo say last use último(a)To say second to last use penúltimo(a)

Estar + Prepositions of Location

Remember using estar with location?

For example: La carnicería está a la derecha de la farmacia.

The butcher shop is to the right of the pharmacy.

Here are the prepositions you need to know.

PREPOSICIONES DE LOCACIÓN

a la derecha (de) a la izquierda (de) delante (de) detrás (de) enfrente (de) alrededor (de) arriba abajo encima (de) debajo (de) por encima (de) entre

to the right (of) to the left (of) in front (of) behind facing, in front (of) around up(above) down(below) on top (of) below, underneath

(of) over (with motion) between

Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is.

PREPOSICIONES DE LOCACIÓN (CONT.)

lejos (de) cerca (de) al lado (de) adentro dentro de afuera fuera de derecho EXTRA WORDS desde hasta aquí/allí, acá/allá

far (from) close (to) next to, beside (of) inside inside of outside outside of straight ahead

from up to, as far as here/there

Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is.

SUPERLATIVES Remember comparison statements? Ex. Yo soy más alto que mi hermano. Ex. A ella le gusta el bate menos que el

guante.

When you want to say that something has the most or least of a certain quality, use a superlative.

With a noun the superlative goes after the noun and matches in gender and number with that noun.

El más, La más, Los más, Las más

El menos, La menos, Los menos, Las menos

Ex. Luis es más alto que Jorge. Mario es más alto que Luis. Mario es el más alto. Jorge es el menos alto.

Superlatives (cont.)

Superlative Irregulares

Best el/la mejor, los/las mejores Worst el/la peor, los/las peores Oldest el/la mayor, los/las

mayores Youngest el/la menor, los/las menores

For an idea or concept, use lo Ex. Lo más interesante es que sólo son

las dos de la tarde.

¡Gracias por su atención!

El fin