cvp analysis & absorption costing
Post on 02-Apr-2015
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Presented by :- Khushang Desai Vidit Bhavasar Vijay Korat Vijay Savaliya Vipul Patel Vikram Sukalani
Presentation onCVP Analysis
& Absorption Costing
WHAT IS CVP ANALYSIS?
CVP analysis deals with how costs and profits change with a change in volume.Management is better able to cope with planning decisions.CVP analysis examines the behavior of total revenues, total costs and operating income as change occur in output level, selling price, variable costs or fixed costs.
CONTINUED…… CVP analysis is one of most powerful tools
that managers have at their command, it helps them understand the interrelationship between cost, volume and profit in an organization by focusing on followings elements:-
Price of products Volume or level of activity Variable cost Total fixed cost Mix of product sold
OBJECTIVES OF CVP ANALYSIS
It is essential to ascertain the relationship between cost and profit on one hand and volume on the other.
It is helpful in setting up flexible budget which indicates costs at various level of activity.
To assist in evaluating performance for purpose of control.
Its helps to management in formulating pricing policy.
ASSUMPTIONS OF CVP ANALYSIS
Selling price is constant.
Total fixed cost and variable cost per unit is constant.
The sales mix is constant in multi-product companies.
Inventory do not change, no. of units produces equal the no. of units sale.
BREAK-EVEN POINT
BEP is unique sales level at which a company earns neither profits or loss.
Total revenues = total costs
BEP is point where operating income is Zero.
BEP is where contribution margin equals fixed costs.
METHOD FOR BEP
TF=TC SP*X=TFC+(V*X) X = TFC/SP-VX is break even SP is selling price V is variable cost TFC is total fixed cost
CVP RELATIONSHIP IN GRAPH FORM
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
- 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Sale
s in
Break-evenpoint
Total expenses
Total sales
Profit area
Loss are
a Fixed expenses
Units Sold
APPLICATION OF CVP ANALYSIS
CVP can also be applied to decisions by manufacturing, service and non-profit org.
CVP can be useful in pricing decisions in banking industry.
Governmental agencies use the analysis to determine the level of service appropriate for projected revenues
Real estate/construction ventures have used this technique to explore pricing, lender choice, and project scope options.
Part – 2Absorption
Costing
ABSORPTION COSTING:-
A costing technique that includes all manufacturing costs, in the form of direct materials, direct labour, and both variable and fixed manufacturing overheads, while determining the cost per unit of a product. It is also referred to as the full- cost technique.
COSTS ARE INVOLVE IN ABSORPTION COSTING
Direct material cost Direct labour cost Variable Manufacturing Cost Variable Sales Costs Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Fixed Selling Costs
ADVANTAGES
It recognizes the importance of fixed costs in production.
This method is accepted by Inland Revenue as stock is not undervalued.
This method is always used to prepare financial accounts.
CONTI…
When production remains constant but sales fluctuate absorption costing will show less fluctuation in net profit .
Unlike marginal costing where fixed costs are agreed to change into variable cost, it is cost into the stock value hence distorting stock valuation.
DISADVANTAGES
As absorption costing emphasized on total cost namely both variable and fixed, it is not so useful for management to use to make decision, planning and control.
As the manager’s emphasis is on total cost, the cost volume profit relationship is ignored. The manager needs to use his intuition to make the decision.
INCOME STATEMENT (ABSORPTION COSTING)
Particulars Rs. Rs.
Sales XXX
Production cost:Direct materialDirect labourVariable manufacturing OHFixed manufacturing OH
XxXxXxXx
Cost of production XXX
Add: Opening stock of finished goods(valued at a cost of previous period’s production)
XXX
Less: Closing stock of finished goods(valued at a cost of current period’s production)
XXX
Cost of goods sold XXX
XXX XxXx
Total cost XXX
Profit XXXX
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