curvas de titulación química analítica

TITULACIÓN DE UN ÁCIDO FUERTE CON UNA BASE FUERTEVolumen (mL) Concentración

ANALITO: HClO₄ 25.00 0.05 pH=-log[H⁺]TITULANTE: KOH 0.1

ƒ titulada Vol base (mL) pH [H⁺] [OH⁻]=(VKOHMKOH-VHClO₄MHClO₄) / (VHClO₄+VKOH)0.00 0.00 1.30 0.050.10 1.25 1.37 0.040.20 2.50 1.44 0.040.30 3.75 1.52 0.030.40 5.00 1.60 0.030.50 6.25 1.70 0.020.60 7.50 1.81 0.020.70 8.75 1.95 0.010.80 10.00 2.15 0.010.90 11.25 2.46 0.000.91 11.37 2.51 0.000.92 11.50 2.56 0.000.93 11.63 2.62 0.000.94 11.75 2.69 0.000.95 11.88 2.77 0.000.96 12.00 2.87 0.000.97 12.13 3.00 0.000.98 12.25 3.17 0.000.99 12.38 3.48 0.00

0.999 12.49 4.48 0.001.00 12.50 7.00 0.00

1.001 12.51 9.52 0.00 4.481.01 12.63 10.52 0.00 3.481.02 12.75 10.82 0.00 3.181.03 12.88 11.00 0.00 3.001.04 13.00 11.12 0.00 2.881.05 13.13 11.21 0.00 2.791.06 13.25 11.29 0.00 2.711.07 13.38 11.36 0.00 2.641.08 13.50 11.41 0.00 2.591.09 13.63 11.46 0.00 2.541.10 13.75 11.51 0.00 2.491.20 15.00 11.80 0.01 2.201.30 16.25 11.96 0.01 2.041.40 17.50 12.07 0.01 1.931.50 18.75 12.15 0.01 1.851.60 20.00 12.22 0.02 1.781.70 21.25 12.28 0.02 1.721.80 22.50 12.32 0.02 1.681.90 23.75 12.36 0.02 1.64

[H⁺]=MHClO₄=0.05M

[H⁺]=(VHClO₄MHClO₄-VKOHMKOH) / (VHClO₄+VKOH)[OH⁻]

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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Titulación de 25 mL de HClO4 0.05M con KOH 0.1M

pH

Vol KOH

Vol b

ase

(mL)

2.00 25.00 12.40 0.03 1.60

f= (VbMb)/(VaMa)Vb=Vt

[OH⁻]=(VKOHMKOH-VHClO₄MHClO₄) / (VHClO₄+VKOH)MHClO₄-VKOHMKOH) / (VHClO₄+VKOH)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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4

6

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10

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14

Titulación de 25 mL de HClO4 0.05M con KOH 0.1M

pH

Vol KOH

Vol b

ase

(mL)

TITULACIÓN DE UNA BASE FUERTE CON UN ÁCIDO FUERTEVolumen (mL) Concentración

ANALITO: KOH 50.00 0.02 pH=14+log[OH⁻]TITULANTE: HCl 0.1

ƒ titulada Vol ácido (mL) pH [H⁺]0.00 0.00 12.30 0.020.10 1.00 12.25 0.020.20 2.00 12.19 0.020.30 3.00 12.12 0.010.40 4.00 12.05 0.010.50 5.00 11.96 0.010.60 6.00 11.85 0.010.70 7.00 11.72 0.010.80 8.00 11.54 0.000.90 9.00 11.23 0.000.91 9.10 11.18 0.000.92 9.20 11.13 0.000.93 9.30 11.07 0.000.94 9.40 11.00 0.000.95 9.50 10.92 0.000.96 9.60 10.83 0.000.97 9.70 10.70 0.000.98 9.80 10.52 0.000.99 9.90 10.22 0.00

0.999 9.99 9.22 0.001.00 10.00 7.00 0.00

1.001 10.01 4.78 0.001.01 10.10 3.78 0.001.02 10.20 3.48 0.001.03 10.30 3.30 0.001.04 10.40 3.18 0.001.05 10.50 3.08 0.001.06 10.60 3.00 0.001.07 10.70 2.94 0.001.08 10.80 2.88 0.001.09 10.90 2.83 0.001.10 11.00 2.79 0.001.20 12.00 2.49 0.001.30 13.00 2.32 0.001.40 14.00 2.20 0.011.50 15.00 2.11 0.011.60 16.00 2.04 0.011.70 17.00 1.98 0.011.80 18.00 1.93 0.011.90 19.00 1.88 0.012.00 20.00 1.85 0.01

[OH⁻]=MKOH=0.02M

[OH⁻]=(VKOHMKOH-VHClMHCl) / (VKOH+VHCl)[OH⁻] [H⁺]=(VHClMHCl-VKOHMKOH) / (VHCl+VKOH)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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Titulación de 50 mL de KOH 0.02M con HCl 0.1M

pH

Volumen de HCl (mL)

pH

f= (VaMa)/(VbMb)Va=Vt

KOH-VHClMHCl) / (VKOH+VHCl)-VKOHMKOH) / (VHCl+VKOH)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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4

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14

Titulación de 50 mL de KOH 0.02M con HCl 0.1M

pH

Volumen de HCl (mL)

pH

TITULACIÓN DE UN ÁCIDO DÉBIL CON UNA BASE FUERTEVolumen (mL) Concentración pKa

ANALITO: 20.00 0.2 4.18TITULANTE: NaOH 0.5

ƒ titulada Vol base (mL) pH [H⁺] [A⁻]/[HA] [A⁻]0.00 0.00 2.44 0.20.10 0.80 3.23 0.110.20 1.60 3.58 0.250.30 2.40 3.81 0.430.40 3.20 4.00 0.670.50 4.00 4.18 1.000.60 4.80 4.36 1.500.70 5.60 4.55 2.330.80 6.40 4.78 4.000.90 7.20 5.13 9.000.91 7.28 5.18 10.110.92 7.36 5.24 11.500.93 7.44 5.30 13.290.94 7.52 5.37 15.670.95 7.60 5.46 19.000.96 7.68 5.56 24.000.97 7.76 5.69 32.330.98 7.84 5.87 49.000.99 7.92 6.18 99.00

0.999 7.99 7.18 999.001.00 8.00 8.67 0.14

1.001 8.01 10.15 0.000142821.01 8.08 11.15 0.00142451.02 8.16 11.45 0.002840911.03 8.24 11.63 0.004249291.04 8.32 11.75 0.005649721.05 8.40 11.85 0.007042251.06 8.48 11.93 0.008426971.07 8.56 11.99 0.009803921.08 8.64 12.05 0.011173181.09 8.72 12.10 0.012534821.10 8.80 12.14 0.013888891.20 9.60 12.43 0.027027031.30 10.40 12.60 0.039473681.40 11.20 12.71 0.051282051.50 12.00 12.80 0.06251.60 12.80 12.86 0.073170731.70 13.60 12.92 0.083333331.80 14.40 12.97 0.093023261.90 15.20 13.01 0.102272732.00 16.00 13.05 0.11111111

C₇H₆O₂

[OH⁻]

pH=-log[H⁺] f= (VbMb)/(VaMa)Vb=Vt

[H⁺]=MC₇H₆O₂=0.05M

pH=pKa + log (NNaOHVNaOH)/(VC₇H₆O₂MC₇H₆O₂-VNaOHMNaOH)[OH⁻]=(VNaOHMNaOH-VC₇H₆O₂MC₇H₆O₂) / (VC₇H₆O₂+VNaOH)[A⁻]=(VC₇H₆O₂MC₇H₆O₂) / (VC₇H₆O₂+VNaOH)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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Titulación de 20mL de Ácido Benzoico 0.2M con NaOH 0.5M

pH

Vol NaOH

pH

TITULACIÓN DE UNA BASE DÉBIL CON UN ACIDO FUERTEVolumen (mLConcentraciópKa

ANALITO: 25.00 0.25 9.26TITULANTE: HCl 0.5

ƒ titulada Vol ácido (mL) pH [H⁺]0.00 0.00 11.32897 0.250.10 1.25 10.2142425 90.20 2.50 9.86205999 40.30 3.75 9.62797679 2.333333330.40 5.00 9.43609126 1.50.50 6.25 9.26 10.60 7.50 9.08390874 0.666666670.70 8.75 8.89202321 0.428571430.80 10.00 8.65794001 0.250.90 11.25 8.30575749 0.111111110.91 11.38 8.25520112 0.09890110.92 11.50 8.19930216 0.086956520.93 11.63 8.13661509 0.075268820.94 11.75 8.0650234 0.063829790.95 11.88 7.9812464 0.052631580.96 12.00 7.87978876 0.041666670.97 12.13 7.75034952 0.030927840.98 12.25 7.56980392 0.020408160.99 12.38 7.26436481 0.01010101

0.999 12.49 6.26043451 0.0010011.00 12.50 5.01907563 0.16666667

1.001 12.51 3.77829599 0.000166611.01 12.63 2.77959649 0.001661131.02 12.75 2.48000694 0.003311261.03 12.88 2.30535137 0.00495051.04 13.00 2.18184359 0.006578951.05 13.13 2.08635983 0.008196721.06 13.25 2.00860017 0.009803921.07 13.38 1.94307033 0.011400651.08 13.50 1.88649073 0.012987011.09 13.63 1.83674597 0.014563111.10 13.75 1.79239169 0.016129031.20 15.00 1.50514998 0.031251.30 16.25 1.34242268 0.045454551.40 17.50 1.23044892 0.058823531.50 18.75 1.14612804 0.071428571.60 20.00 1.07918125 0.083333331.70 21.25 1.02413368 0.094594591.80 22.50 0.97772361 0.105263161.90 23.75 0.93785209 0.115384622.00 25.00 0.90308999 0.125

NH₃

[OH⁻] [BOH]/[B⁺] [B⁺]

f= (VaMa)/(VbMb)pH=14+log[OH⁻] Va=Vt

Vb=Vt

[OH⁻]=MNH₃=0.25M

pH=pKa + log (VNaOHMNaOH-VHClMHCl)/ (NHClVHCl)[H⁺]=(VHClMHCl-VNH₃MNH₃) / (VHCl+VNH₃)[A⁻]=(VNH₃MNH₃) / (VHCl+VNH₃)

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.000

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Titulación de 25mL de NH3 0.25M con HCl 0.5M

pH

Vol HCl

pH

TITULACIÓN DE UNA BASE DÉBIL CON UN ACIDO FUERTEVolumen (mL) Concentración pKa

ANALITO: metilamina 100.00 0.10 10.25TITULANTE: HCl 0.10

ƒ titulada Vol ácido (mL) pH [H⁺]0.00 0.00 11.63 0.250.10 10.00 11.20 9.000.20 20.00 10.85 4.000.30 30.00 10.62 2.330.40 40.00 10.43 1.500.50 50.00 10.25 1.000.60 60.00 10.07 0.670.70 70.00 9.88 0.430.80 80.00 9.65 0.250.90 90.00 9.30 0.110.91 91.00 9.25 0.100.92 92.00 9.19 0.090.93 93.00 9.13 0.080.94 94.00 9.06 0.060.95 95.00 8.97 0.050.96 96.00 8.87 0.040.97 97.00 8.74 0.030.98 98.00 8.56 0.020.99 99.00 8.25 0.01

0.999 99.90 7.25 0.001.00 100.00 5.78 0.05

1.001 100.10 4.30 0.001.01 101.00 3.30 0.001.02 102.00 3.00 0.001.03 103.00 2.83 0.001.04 104.00 2.71 0.001.05 105.00 2.61 0.001.06 106.00 2.54 0.001.07 107.00 2.47 0.001.08 108.00 2.41 0.001.09 109.00 2.37 0.001.10 110.00 2.32 0.001.20 120.00 2.04 0.011.30 130.00 1.88 0.011.40 140.00 1.78 0.021.50 150.00 1.70 0.021.60 160.00 1.64 0.021.70 170.00 1.59 0.031.80 180.00 1.54 0.031.90 190.00 1.51 0.032.00 200.00 1.48 0.03

[OH⁻] [BOH]/[B⁺] [B⁺]